Department of Mechanical Engineering

Fluid Power Laboratory

Experiment No.:- 01

Trial on Vane Pump

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Department of Mechanical Engineering

Industrial Fluid Power Laboratory

Expt. No.:- 1

Trial on Gear/Vane Pump

AIM : To study the characteristic of vane pump at constant speed.

OBJECTIVES:
To study the performance characteristics of the pump, and to plot the
characteristics efficiency v/s discharge and discharge v/s delivery pressure
APPARATUS:
Vane pump set, energy meter, pressure gauge, stop watch, measuring flask etc.
THEORY :

A gear pump is made of two meshing gears. This is a rotating machine. It simply pushes
liquid form one side to another side. It is a positive displacement type pump. This type of
pump is used for supplying lubricating oil to motors, turbines, machine tools where
forced lubricating is necessary.
The gear are placed side by side in an internal gear pump. A partial teeth enmesh,
drawing fluid into the chambers formed between the teeth. The chambers carry the fluid
around the outside of gears, where it is forced out as the teeth mesh again at the outlet.
As the gear mesh together, only fluid left in the chamber develops a high level of
pressure. Decompression notches a high level of pressure. Decompression notches

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machined into side plants relive this fluid and the corresponding pressure. Any unrelieved
fluid is channeled into a groove used to lubricate the bearing.

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The double version has two single pumps, each with its own outlet port but sharing a
common inlet port and input shaft. A double pump can serve two separate hydraulic
circuits or supply a single circuit with greater volume.
The lobe pump operates on the same principal as external pump, but has a higher
displacement because each of the two gears has only three teeth that are much wider and
more rounded than those found on a regular external gear. This makes the lobe pump,
better than external gear pump and better suited for use with shear sensitive fluids, as
well as type of pump has relatively low pressure capability and tends to deliver a more
pulsating flow.
Discharge:
Let,

= Width of gear

= Area enclosed between two successive teeth & casing.

= No. of teeth in each gear

= Speed of pump in rpm.

The theoretical discharge is,

2a.b.n.N
Qt = -------------60
Due to irregular teeth passage, it is not possible to write a general expression as above.
This doesnt give a current value of discharge.
Hagen gave the following equation for discharge from experimental results,
Qt =
Where,
m

= Module in mm

= Width of gear mm

= Speed of pump in rpm

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= No. of teeth on driving wheel

n1

= No. of teeth on driven wheel

= Angle of incidence

Qt

= Theoretical discharge in L.P.S.

Working:
Rotating of gears opens and closes the suction and delivery ports at the appropriate time.
On the suction side, the liquid to be pumped fills the gap between the meshing gears from
the direction opposite to that of rotation. The liquid entrapped between the gap in the
successive teeth on the gear, passes round the casing and finally finds its way to delivery
side. On the delivery side, two streams of liquid come together, one from driving gear
and other from driven gear. The major volume of liquid is pushed to delivery port and
small portion finds its way back to the suction side.
The power of the teeth and play between them i.e between the flanks have no influence
on discharge of the pump. More the play more liquid finds its way back to section. But at
the some time, it increases the volume between successive teeth and hence the discharge
of the pump. The section side is separated from the delivery side by the flanks of meshing
teeth and casing of the pump. To have better separation, the discharge between the casing
and gears should be as small as possible.
For efficient working, the teeth of gear pump should be ground precisely and also casing
should be finished smooth. In case of liquid to be pumped is lubricating oil, the bearing
either roller or bush bearing either roller or bush bearings are provided within the casing.
High speed pumps can produce a vacuum upto7 m of water. The gear pumps are normally
expected to work upto small heads only. High head pumps have been provided with
safety valves, which works when the pressure is excessive and allow the fluid to flow
back in the sump.
Materials used :
i. Casing

- cast iron

ii. Gears

- Hardened steel.

Teeth on gears are normally in volute but for better grip, helical teeth are also provided.
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Procedure:1. Fill the supply tank properly with oil uptothe requires height.
2. Open the delivery valve on the delivery side fully.
3. Start the motor and allow the oil to flow through the pipe.
4. Throttle the gate valve and obtain the required head.
5. Note down following observations
a) Vacuum gauge reading.
b) Pressure gauge reading.
C) Time taken from collecting 2 liters of oil.
d) The reading on the wattmeters.
CAUTION
While starting the motor, the delivery valve should not be fully closed.
Specifications:
Motor

Gear Pump

HP 1

Make Rotodel

Speed 1440 rpm

Size x

kW 0.75

Capacity 20 lpm
Max. Pressure- 10 kg/cm2

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OBESERVATION TABLE:

Sr.
No

Delivery
Pressure
Gauge reading
Pg ( kg/ cm2 )

Vacuum
Gauge
Reading
Pv ( mm Hg)

Time for 1 lit.

collection of oil
( sec)

Energy meter Reading

01
02
03
04
05
Sample Calculations:
(Reading No. )
1. Delivery Head

= Pressure gauge reading x 10

13.6 m

2. Suction Head

= Vacuum gauge reading x ---------- Wc

10000

3. Total head = Delivery head + suction head + Datum.

Note: As suction and delivery pipe are of same diameter,
V22 V12
-----------------------

is

29

4. Discharge ( Q )
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Volume of oil collected

Q = ------------------------------ m3/s
Time ( t )
5. Input power to pump ( kw )

Inp ut power=

3600 1000 N
Energy meter constant t

6. Output power

= egQH

7. Efficiency =

RESULT TABLE:-

Sr.No.

Discharge x 104 m3/s

Input power

Output Power

Efficiency

( kw )

( kw 0

(%)

01
02
03
04
05

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