Development of Novel Carbon Sorbents For CO Capture: Final Technical Report

Development of Novel Carbon Sorbents for
CO2 Capture
Final Technical Report
Start Date:
October 1, 2008
End Date:
November 30, 2013
Principal Author:
Dr. Gopala N. Krishnan, Associate Director

Materials Research Laboratory
Contributors:
Dr. Marc Hornbostel, Dr. Jianer Bao, Dr. Jordi Perez,

Mr. Anoop Nagar, and Dr. Angel Sanjurjo
Date Report Issued:
March 2014
DOE Award Number:
Cooperative Agreement No. DE-NT0005578
Submitting Organization: SRI International

333 Ravenswood Avenue
Menlo Park, CA 94025
Project Partners:
ATMI, Inc.
7 Commerce Drive, Danbury, CT 06810
The University of Toledo
Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering,
3048 Nitschke Hall, 1610 N Westwood Ave, Toledo, OH 43607
Prepared for:
U.S. Department of Energy

National Energy Technology Center
3600 Collins Ferry Road
Morgantown, WV 26505
Attention: Mr. Andrew OPalko
P18775 Final Report
P18775 Final Report
P18775 Final Report
P18775 Final Report
P18775 Final Report
P18775 Final Report
P18775 Final Report
P18775 Final Report
P18775 Final Report
P18775 Final Report
P18775 Final Report
P18775 Final Report
P18775 Final Report
P18775 Final Report
P18775 Final Report
P18775 Final Report
P18775 Final Report
P18775 Final Report
P18775 Final Report
P18775 Final Report
P18775 Final Report
120.0
Temperature: 5 C
20 wt% CO2
CO2 Adsorbed (cm3/g)
100.0
Desorption
80.0
Adsorption
60.0
40.0
20.0
0.0
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
CO2 Partial Pressure (atm)
1.00
1.20
P18775 Final Report
120.0
Temperature: 5 C
CO2 Adsorbed (cm3/g)
100.0
10C
15C
80.0
20C
30C
60.0
40.0
20.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
CO2 Partial Pressure (atm)
1.0
1.2
P18775 Final Report
Log (Volume of CO2 Adsorbed/g)
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
y = -0.1298x + 2.2878
R2 = 0.9996
0.5
0.0
0
8
2
Log (Po/P)
10
12
14
P18775 Final Report
114
Temperature
100
110
80
108
60
106
Weight
40
104
102
20
100
0
40
140
240
340
440
Elapsed Time (Minutes)
540
Temperature (C)
Relative Weight (%)
112
120
P18775 Final Report
140
Temperature
100% CO2
110
120
100
75% CO2
108
80
50% CO2
106
60
25% CO2
104
40
102
20
100
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
0
600
Elapsed Time (Minutes)
12
Wt% CO2 on the Sorbent
Relative Weight (%)
112
%CO2 in CO2-Ar Gas Mixture

100
10
75
8
50
6
25
4
15
2
0
0
20
40
60
80
Temperature (C)
100
120
Temperature (C)
114
P18775 Final Report
7.0
6.5
Ln Equilibrium CO2 Pressure
6.0
CO2 adsorbed:
65 cm3/g
60
55
50
45
40
35
5.5
5.0
4.5
30
25
4.0
20
3.5
15
3.0
10
2.5
3.2E-03
3.3E-03
3.4E-03
3.5E-03
Inverse Temperature (1/K)
3.6E-03
3.7E-03
P18775 Final Report
30
Heat of Adsorption (kJ/mol)
29
28
27
26
Latent Heat of Vaporization of CO2
25
24
23
22
21
20
0
10
20
30
40
50
3
Quantity of CO2 Adsorbed (cm /g)
60
70
P18775 Final Report
7.0
Ln CO2 Partial Pressure
6.5
40
6.0
30
25
20
15
5.5
5.0
4.5
10
4.0
CO2 adsorbed: 5 cm3/g
3.5
3.0
2.5
0.0027
0.0028
0.0029
0.0030
0.0031
0.0032
0.0033
0.0034
Inverse Temperature (1/K)
30
Heat of Adsorption (kJ/mole)
27 kJ/mole
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
10
15
20
25
30
3
Quantity of CO2 Adsorbed (cm /g)
35
40
P18775 Final Report
18
16
10C
14
15C
20C
Volume of N2 adsorbed (cm /g)
5C
12
25C
10
8
6
4
2
0
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
Pressure (atm)
0.8
1.2
P18775 Final Report
18
5C
16
Volume of O2 Adsorbed (cm3/g)
10C
14
15C
20C
12
25C
10
8
6
4
2
0
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
Pressure (atm)
0.8
1.2
P18775 Final Report
18
5C
10C
14
15C
Volume of Ar adsorbed (cm /g)
16
12
20C
25C
10
8
6
4
2
0
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
Pressure (atm)
0.8
1.2
P18775 Final Report
300
5C
Volume of H2O Vapor Adsorbed (cm3/g)
10C
250
15C
20C
200
30C
150
100
50
0
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
Relative Pressure (P/P0)
0.4
0.5
0.6
P18775 Final Report
3.0
SO2 adsorbed (cm 3/g)
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.2
SO2 pressure (torr)
Quantity Adsorbed (cm 3/g STP)
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
0
6
NO pressure (Torr)
10
12
P18775 Final Report
20
19
18
N2
17
O2
Ar
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
0
8
3
Volume of Gas Adsorbed (cm /g)
10
12
P18775 Final Report
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
50
100
150
200
3
Volume of H2O Vapor Adsorbed (cm /g)
250
P18775 Final Report
Table III-2. Physical Properties of the ACS-1 Sorbent
P18775 Final Report
P18775 Final Report
Table III-3. Attrition Resistance of the ACS-1 Sorbent
P18775 Final Report
P18775 Final Report
15
Blank Run
40% RH
Percent CO2 in the Reactor Exit
Empty
80% RH
0% RH
10
0
0
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Time (min)
25.0
0% RH
CO2 Loading on the Sorbent (cm /g)
40% RH
20.0
80% RH
15.0
10.0
5.0
0.0
0
10
20
Time(min)
30
40
P18775 Final Report
50.00
40.00
Adsorbed Gas (cm /g)
5C
30.00
10 C
25 C
20.00
10.00
0.00
0
10
20
30
40
Nominal RH (%)
50
60
70
80
100
2000
90
1800
80
1600
Temperature (C)
Temperature (C)
70
1400
60
1200
50
1000
40
800
30
600
20
CO2 Flow Rate (cc/min)
P18775 Final Report
400
CO2 Flow Rate
10
200
0
80
85
90
95
100
105
0
110
Time (min)
CO2 Loading (cm3/g), Temperature (C)
120
100
CO2 Loading
80
Temperature
60
100 C
40
20
90 C
106 C
0
70
75
80
85
Time (min)
90
95
100
P18775 Final Report
110
140
109
120
100
Weight %
107
106
80
105
60
104
103
40
102
20
101
100
0
0
500
1000
Run time (min)
1500
Temperature (C)
108
P18775 Final Report
1700
Surface area (m 2/g)
1600
1500
1400
1300
1200
1100
1000
ACS1
ACS2
ACS3
9.5
Weight %
9.0
8.5
8.0
7.5
7.0
ACS1
ACS2
ACS3
P18775 Final Report
P18775 Final Report
Feed Hopper
Flue gas in
15% CO2
Sorbent flow
Adsorber
0% CO2
Rectifier
100% CO2
Stripper
1 bar steam
Receiving Hopper
Lean flue gas
P18775 Final Report
P18775 Final Report
P18775 Final Report
8
7
Granule velocity (in/sec)
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
10
15
Gas linear velocity (in/sec)
20
25
30
P18775 Final Report
1.4
Pressure Differential (inch of water)
1.2
0.8
Sorbent Flow
(0.3 gpm/ft^2)
0.6
0.4
0.2
No Sorbent Flow
0
0
10
20
30
40
Air Flow (SLM)
50
60
70
80
P18775 Final Report
18
16
14
Percent CO2
12
10
8
6
30 SLM
4
19 SLM
25 SLM
15 SLM
2
0
-100
20 SLM
10 SLM
-50
50
100
Time (sec)
150
200
250
300
P18775 Final Report
120
Capture Efficiency
100
80
Capacity predicted from

adsorption isotherm data
60
40
20
0
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
Gas feed rate (SLM)
24
26
28
30
P18775 Final Report
120
Percent captured
100
80
60
40
20
0
3
3.5
4.5
5.5
Residence time (sec)
6.5
P18775 Final Report
200
100
180
90
80
Percent desorbed
140
70
120
60
100
50
80
40
60
30
CO2 Flow Rate
40
20
20
10
0
0
10
Time (min)
12
14
16
18
20
Percent desorbed
CO2 flow (std cm /min)
160
P18775 Final Report
Transition
P18775 Final Report
CO2
Percent
Percent CO
2 in the Exit Gas
4
-100
-50
50
40
30
20
-50
50
50
100
100
150
150
200
200
Run Time (sec)

250
Run Time (sec)
100
90
80
70
60
10
250
300
350
300
350
Sorbent flow off
Sorbent flow off
Steam stripping off
Sorbent and steam flow on
Steam stripping off
-100
Sorbent flow on
CO2
Percent
Percent CO
2 in the Exit Gas
P18775 Final Report
16
14
12
10
400
400
450
450
P18775 Final Report
120
Temperature (C)
110
100
90
80
70
60
0
50
100
150
Run Time (sec)
200
250
P18775 Final Report
P18775 Final Report

100%
98%
96%
Product purity
94%
92%
90%
88%
86%
84%
82%
80%
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.0
1.2
1.4
CO2 product/feed ratio
100%
90%
Capture efficiency
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
CO2 product/feed ratio
P18775 Final Report
100.0%
98.0%
96.0%
94.0%
92.0%
Capture efficiency
CO2 purity
90.0%
88.0%
86.0%
84.0%
82.0%
4
Gas residence time (sec)
P18775 Final Report
Vent
CO2 Depleted Air
Absorber
Simulated Flue Gas
Transition
Sorbent Return
CO2 Out
Regeneration
Steam
Transition
Air-CO2 Recirculation
Condenser
Dehydration
Cooling
Water
Sorbent
Dry AirCooling
P18775 Final Report
Absorber
12 ft
Rectifier
Transition
CO2 Stripper
Sorbent Cooler
P18775 Final Report
P18775 Final Report
P18775 Final Report
P18775 Final Report
P18775 Final Report
P18775 Final Report
P18775 Final Report
P18775 Final Report
P18775 Final Report
100
90
Quantity of CO2 absorbed (ml/g)
Fresh Granules
80
70
60
Granules after 1000-cycle test
50
40
30
20
10
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
CO2 Partial Pressure (Torr)
700
800
900
P18775 Final Report
100
% CO2 in the
Feed Gas
90
% CO2 in the
Output Gas
CO2 Concentration (%)
80
70
Startup
Steady-State Operation (~1 h)
Shut Down
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
~95% Capture
Run Time
% CO2 in the
Absorber Exit
Gas
P18775 Final Report
P18775 Final Report
Flue Gas
Chimney
Reactor
assembly
Figure VI-1. The integrated reactor installed at the University of Toledo boiler site.
P18775 Final Report
VENT
CO2
0-1%
CO2
0-20%
ABSORBER
FT
IDF
DPT
TRANSITION
TT
FI
NaHCO3
DESOx
FT
VENT
GAS
FILTER
BLOWER
TRAP
COOLING
WATER
TT
DCE
STRIPPER
TT
FLUE GAS
STEAM
STEAM OUT
SODIUM BICARBONATE
SOLUTION RESERVOIR
STEAM IN
ROTARY VALVE
AIR/
MOISTURE
STEAM OUT
STEAM IN
COOLING WATER OUT
DPT
COOLING WATER IN
AIR
SCREW FEEEDER
COMPRESSED AIR
CO2
0-100%
P18775 Final Report
Flue Gas
Chimney
Integrated
Reactor
Sorbent
Feed
Flue Gas
outlet Filter
Pneumatic
Feed Tube
Top of
Adsorber
Figure VI-4. A photograph of the sorbent inlet and flue gas outlet sections
P18775 Final Report
Stripper
Rotary Valve
Sorbent
Dehydrator
Sorbent Cooler
Screw Feeder
Pneumatic Pickup
P18775 Final Report
. Process Parameters and Their Values Used in the Field Test at the
University of Toledo
P18775 Final Report
10
% CO2 in Stripper Outlet Gas
CO2 Capture or CO2 in Stripper (%)
90
80
9
8
% CO2 Capture
70
60
50
% CO2 in Feed Gas
40
30
20
10
0
0
50
100
150
Time (Min)
200
250
0
300
Percentage CO2 in Feed Gas (%)
100
P18775 Final Report
% CO2 Capture or % CO2 Product Purity
120
Product CO2 Purity
100
Percent CO2 Capture
80
Interruption in Steam Flow

60
40
20
0
0
50
100
150
200
Time (Min)
250
300
350
400
P18775 Final Report
90
Cumualtive CO2 adsorbed (cm3/g-STP)
80
After 135 h of Testing
70
60
Fresh
50
40
30
20
10
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
CO2 Pressure (Torr)
600
700
800
900
P18775 Final Report
P18775 Final Report
. Comparison of Inorganic Elements in the Fresh and Field Test Sorbents
Element
Na
P
K
Ca
Mn
Fe
Zn
Cl
S
Hg
Fresh
ppm
102
80
74
41
<2
<2
<2
468
19
<0.06
Used
ppm
95
66
6
41
24
1234
15
611
132
0.31
. Comparison of Adsorbed Gases in the Fresh and Field Test Sorbents
Contaminant
Acetone
NO
CO2
Methylbutane
Methylisocyanide
Pentane
Benzene
Acetic Acid
Fresh
ppb
3.24
N.D.
N.D.
N.D.
N.D.
N.D.
N.D.
N.D.
Used
ppm
9.02
3210
758
19.6
67.1
30.1
40
284
P18775 Final Report
cheaper
Table VI-4. Design Parameters and Their Values Used in the Field Test at NCCC
P18775 Final Report
P18775 Final Report
P18775 Final Report
P18775 Final Report
P18775 Final Report
P18775 Final Report
P18775 Final Report
25.0
Output Signal (mA)
20.0
15.0
10.0
5.0
0.0
0
Differential Pressure (Inch Water)
10
12
P18775 Final Report
9.0
8.0
7.0
Signal (mA)
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
0
200
400
600
800
1000
CO2 Flow (Liters/min) at 20 C
16
14
Signal (mA)
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
0
20
40
60
80
100
Temperature (C)
120
140
160
P18775 Final Report
25
Signal (mA)
20
15
10
0
0
100
200
300
400
Air Flow (Liters/min) at 20 C
500
600
P18775 Final Report
P18775 Final Report
P18775 Final Report
P18775 Final Report
70
Percentage CO2 in Gas
60
50
CO2-Rich Product Gas
40
30
20
Flue Gas
10
CO2-Lean Flue Gas
0
0
20
40
60
80
100
Time (Minutes)
120
140
160
180
200
P18775 Final Report
NETL
SRI
CO2 Capture
Gross Power Output (kW)
Auxiliary Power Requirement (kW)
Net Power Output (kW)
No
580,260
30,110
550,150
Yes
663,445
117,450
545,995
No
581,034
31,016
550,018
Yes
679,911
129,485
550,426
Net Plant HHV Efficiency (%)

Net Plant HHV Heat Rate (Btu/kW-hr)
Coal Flowrate (lb/hr)
CO2 Emissions (lb/MWh)
39.1%
8,721
411,282
1,773
27.2%
12,534
586,627
254
38.9%
8,859
414,000
1,790
27.1%
12,590
594,000
252
Total Plant Cost ($ x 1000)

Total Plant Cost ($/kW)
LCOE (/kWh)
866,391
1,575
6.33
1,567,073
2,870
11.48
872,118
1,586
6.40
1,586,765
2,883
11.58
P18775 Final Report
P18775 Final Report
Water
SCR
Baghouse
Air
Induced
Draft Fans
Stack
Gas
FGD
Fly Ash
PC
Boiler
Air
Forced Draft Fans
Limestone
Slurry
Gypsum
Slurry
Hot Reheat
HP Steam
Cold
Reheat
Generator
HP
Turbine
LP
Turbine
LP Turbines
Air
Primary Air Fans
Condenser
Illinois #6
Bottom
Ash
Feedwater
Preheater
System
P18775 Final Report
Net Power Output, MW

Steam Cycle, (psig,F,F)
Coal
Condenser pressure, mmHg
Cooling water to condenser, F
Cooling water from condenser, F
Stack Temperature, F
SO2 Control
FGD Efficiency, % SO2 Removal
NOx Control
SCR Efficiency, % NOx Removal
Ammonia Slip, ppmv
Particulate Control
Fabric Filter Efficiency, % Ash Removal
Mercury Control
Mercury Removal Efficiency, %
CO2 Capture, %
SRI Supercritical Power Plant

550
3500,1100,1100
Illinois #6
50.8
67.5
94.5
131.0
Wet Limestone Forced Oxidation
98.0
Low NOx Burners w/OFA and SCR
86.0
2.0
Fabric Filter
99.8
Co-Benefit Capture
90.0
N/A
NETL Supercritical Power Plant

550
3500,1100,1100
Illinois #6
50.8
60
80
135.0
98.0
86.0
2.0
Fabric Filter
99.8
Co-Benefit Capture
90.0
N/A
NETL
SRI
CO2 Capture
No
580,260
30,110
550,150
No
581,034
31,016
550,018

39.1%
8,721
411,282
1,773
38.9%
8,859
414,000
1,790

LCOE (/kWh)
866,391
1,575
6.33
872,118
1,586
6.40
P18775 Final Report
P18775 Final Report
Condensate
Return
Water
SCR
Air
Induced
Baghouse Draft Fans
FGD
Fly Ash
PC
Boiler
Air
Forced Draft Fans
Limestone
Slurry
Gypsum
Slurry
Econamine
CO2 Capture
CO2
Compressor
Generator
HP
Turbine
LP
Turbine
LP Turbines
Air
Primary Air Fans
Condenser
Illinois #6
Bottom
Ash
CO2
Stripper
Steam
Hot Reheat
HP Steam
Cold
Reheat
Stack
Gas
Feedwater
Preheater
System
P18775 Final Report

Coal
SO2 Control
NOx Control
Ammonia Slip, ppmv
Particulate Control
Mercury Control
CO2 Control
CO2 Capture, %
CO2 Sequestration

w/ Econamine FG+ CO2 Captue
550
3500,1100,1100
Illinois #6
50.8
64.5
85.5
74.0
98.0
86.0
2.0
Fabric Filter
99.8
Co-Benefit Capture
90.0
Econamine FG Plus
90
Off-site Saline Formation

550
3500,1100,1100
Illinois #6
50.8
60
80
74.0
98.0
86.0
2.0
Fabric Filter
99.8
Co-Benefit Capture
90.0
Econamine FG Plus
90
NETL
SRI
CO2 Capture
Yes
663,445
117,450
545,995
Yes
679,911
129,485
550,426

27.2%
12,534
586,627
254
27.1%
12,590
594,000
252
1,567,073
2,870
11.48
1,586,765
2,883
11.58

LCOE (/kWh)
P18775 Final Report
Parameter
Steam Turbine Gross Power
Auxiliary Load
Coal Handling & Conveying
Limestone Handling & Reagent Preparation
Pulverizers
Ash Handling
Primary Air Fans
Forced Draft Fans
Induced Draft Fans
SCR
Baghouse
FGD Pumps & Agitators
Econamine Plus Auxiliaries
CO2 Compressor
Miscellaneous Balance-of-Plant
Condensate Pumps
Circulating Water Pumps
Cooling Tower Fans
Transformer Losses
Auxillary Power Requirements
Total
Net Plant Performance
Auxiliary Load
Net Plant Power
Net Plant Efficiency (HHV)
Net Plant Heat Rate (HHV)
Coal Feed Flowrate
Thermal Input1
Limestone Sorbent Feed
CO2 Emitted
Unit
kWe
CO2 Captured
lb/hr
CO2 Removal
Water Requirement
lb/s
kWe
kWe
kWe
kWe
kWe
kWe
kWe
kWe
kWe
kWe
kWe
kWe
kWe
kWe
kWe
kWe
kWe
kWe
kWe
kWe
kWe
Btu/kWhr
lb/hr
kWth
lb/hr
lb/hr
No CO2 Capture
581,034
CO2 Capture with

Econamine
679,911
508
1,004
3,472
803
1,262
1,324
7,165
218
558
4,664
0
0
1,453
1,085
3,977
2,070
1,453
729
1,441
4,981
1,152
1,810
1,900
28,581
313
788
7,061
16,733
48,999
1,700
820
4,050
6,728
1,700
31,016
129,485
31,016
550,018
38.9%
8,859
414,000
1,415,453
41,089
984,315
129,485
550,426
27.1%
12,590
594,000
2,030,867
58,953
138,598
0.0%
1,247,382
0
707
90.0%
1,417
P18775 Final Report
P18775 Final Report
Condensate
Return
Water
SCR
Air
Induced
Baghouse Draft Fans
FGD
Fly Ash
PC
Boiler
Air
Forced Draft Fans
Limestone
Slurry
Hot Reheat
HP Steam
Cold
Reheat
Gypsum
Slurry
Carbon
Sorbent
CO2 Capture
CO2
Stripper
Steam
Primary Air Fans
LP
Turbine
LP Turbines
Condenser
Bottom
Ash
CO2
Compressor
Generator
HP
Turbine
Air
Illinois #6
Stack
Gas
Feedwater
Preheater
System
P18775 Final Report

Coal
SO2 Control
NOx Control
Ammonia Slip, ppmv
Particulate Control
Mercury Control
CO2 Control
CO2 Capture, %
CO2 Sequestration

w/ Carbon Sorbent CO2 Captue
550
3500,1100,1100
Illinois #6
50.8
64.5
85.5
74.0
98.0
86.0
2.0
Fabric Filter
99.8
Co-Benefit Capture
90.0
Econamine FG Plus
90
Base Case

550
3500,1100,1100
Illinois #6
50.8
60
80
74.0
98.0
86.0
2.0
Fabric Filter
99.8
Co-Benefit Capture
90.0
Econamine FG Plus
90
Econamine FG+
Carbon Sorbent
CO2 Capture
No
581,034
31,016
550,018
Yes
679,911
129,485
550,426
Yes
640,421
90,246
550,175

38.9%
8,859
414,000
1,790
27.1%
12,590
594,000
252
35.1%
9,717
458,280
194

LCOE (/kWh)
Increase in COE (%)
872,118
1,586
6.40
0.0%
1,586,765
2,883
11.58
80.9%
1,224,213
2,225
9.23
44.2%
101
P18775 Final Report
Parameter
Units
CO2 Capture by
Carbon Sorbent
Econamine
640,415
679,911

Auxiliary Load
Limestone Handling & Reagent Preparation
Pulverizers
Ash Handling
Primary Air Fans
Forced Draft Fans
Induced Draft Fans
SCR
Baghouse
Carbon Sorbents/Econoamine Plus Auxiliaries
CO2 Compressor
Condensate Pumps
Cooling Tower Fans
Transformer Losses
kWe
kWe
kWe
kWe
kWe
kWe
kWe
kWe
kWe
kWe
kWe
kWe
kWe
kWe
kWe
kWe
kWe
kWe
563
1,112
3,844
889
1,397
1,466
13,528
241
615
5,246
5,484
41,966
1,601
1,053
5,002
4,638
1,601
729
1,441
4,981
1,152
1,810
1,900
28,581
313
788
7,061
16,733
48,999
1,700
820
4,050
6,728
1,700
Total
kWe
90,246
129,485
Auxiliary Load
Net Plant Power
Coal Feed Flowrate
Thermal Input1
CO2 Emitted
kWe
kWe
90,246
550,170
35.1%
9,718
458,280
1,566,845
45,483
106,944
129,485
550,426
27.1%
12,590
594,000
2,030,867
58,953
138,598
CO2 Captured
lb/hr
962,496
1,247,382
90.0%
917
90.0%
1,417
CO2 Removal
Water Requirement
Btu/kWhr
lb/hr
kWth
lb/hr
lb/hr
pounds/s
102
P18775 Final Report
103
P18775 Final Report
Parameter
Reboiler Steam Pressure
Flue Gas Pressure Drop
Reboiler Heat Input
Max Absorber Inlet Temperature
Absorbent CO2 Capacity
CO2 Capture Capital Cost
Net Plant HHV Efficiency
Gross Plant Output
Coal Flowrate
Units
psia
psia
BTU/lb-CO2
F
wt%
$/(lb/hr-CO2)
%
MW
tons/hr
Power Plant Capital

Power Plant Fuel
Variable Plant O&M
Fixed Plant O&M
CO2 Transport, Monitoring, & Storage
c/kWh
Cost of Electricity (COE)

Increase in COE
c/kWh
c/kWh
c/kWh
c/kWh
c/kWh
%
Base Case
17.7
0.54
250
Reboiler
Reboiler Flue Gas Flue Gas
Steam
Steam
Pressure Pressure Reboiler
Reboiler
Pressure Pressure
Drop
Drop
Heat Input Heat Input
53.1
131.1
17.7
17.7
17.7
17.7
0.5
0.5
1.0
2.0
0.5
0.5
250
250
250
250
350
500
70
6.7%
191
70
6.7%
191
70
6.7%
191
70
6.7%
191
70
6.7%
191
70
6.7%
191
70
6.7%
191
35.1%
640
458
34.8
641
463
34.5
642
467
34.9
644
461
34.5
653
467
34.8
641
462
34.4
643
468
5.23
2.11
0.93
0.58
0.38
9.23
44.2%
5.28
2.13
0.93
0.58
0.38
9.30
45.3%
5.33
2.15
0.94
0.58
0.38
9.38
46.6%
5.26
2.12
0.93
0.58
0.38
9.28
45.0%
5.33
2.15
0.94
0.58
0.38
9.38
46.6%
5.27
2.13
0.93
0.58
0.38
9.30
45.3%
5.34
2.15
0.94
0.58
0.38
9.39
46.7%
104
P18775 Final Report
Parameter
Reboiler Heat Input
Units
Base Case
17.7
0.54
250
70
wt%
6.7%
$/(lb/hr-CO2)
191
psia
psia
BTU/lb-CO2
F
Absorbent Absorbent
Max
Max
CO2
CO2
Absorb.
Absorb.
Inlet Temp Inlet Temp Capacity Capacity
17.7
17.7
17.7
17.7
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
250
250
250
250
50
100
70
70
6.7%
6.7%
10.0%
5.0%
191
191
191
191
CO2
Capture
Capital
Cost
17.7
0.5
250
70
6.7%
96
CO2
Capture
Capital
Optimized
Cost
Case
17.7
17.7
0.5
0.5
250
250
70
50
6.7%
10.0%
127
96
Net Plant HHV Efficiency

Gross Plant Output
Coal Flowrate
%
MW
tons/hr
35.1%
640
458
34.9
645
461
35.1
640
458
35.1
640
458
35.0
643
460
35.1
640
458
35.1
640
458
34.9
645
461
Power Plant Capital

Power Plant Fuel
Variable Plant O&M
Fixed Plant O&M
CO2 Transport, Monitoring, & Storage
Cost of Electricity (COE)
Increase in COE
c/kWh
c/kWh
c/kWh
c/kWh
5.23
2.11
0.93
0.58
0.38
9.23
44.2%
5.26
2.12
0.93
0.58
0.39
9.28
44.9%
5.23
2.11
0.93
0.58
0.38
9.22
44.1%
5.23
2.11
0.93
0.58
0.38
9.22
44.1%
5.25
2.12
0.93
0.58
0.38
9.26
44.7%
4.47
2.11
0.93
0.58
0.38
8.47
32.3%
4.72
2.11
0.93
0.58
0.38
8.72
36.3%
4.50
2.12
0.93
0.58
0.39
8.50
32.8%
c/kWh
c/kWh
%
105
P18775 Final Report
. Characteristics of the CO2 Capture System

Units
Original
17.7
0.54
250
70
10
$/(lb/hr-CO2)
96
Parameter
Reboiler Heat Input
psia
psia
BTU/lb-CO2
F
wt%
106
Revised
17.7
1
500
70
5
96
P18775 Final Report
. Characteristics of a Supercritical Power Plant with CO2 Capture

Coal
SO2 Control
NOx Control
Ammonia Slip, ppmv
Particulate Control
Mercury Control
CO2 Control
CO2 Capture, %
CO2 Sequestration
SRI Supercritical Power Plant with

Carbon Sorbent CO2 Captue

with Econamine FG+ CO2 Captue
550
550
3500,1100,1100
3500,1100,1100
Illinois #6
Illinois #6
50.8
50.8
64.5
60
85.5
80
74.0
74.0
98.0
98.0
86.0
86.0
2.0
2.0
Fabric Filter
Fabric Filter
99.8
99.8
Co-Benefit Capture
Co-Benefit Capture
90.0
90.0
Advanced Carbon Sorbent
Econamine FG Plus
90
90
107
P18775 Final Report
. Auxiliary Loads and Power Plant Performance
Parameter
Auxiliary Load
CO2 Capture
CO2 Capture
with Economine with the Carbon
No CO2 Capture
FG+
Sorbent
580,400
662,800
642,113
Unit
kW e
kW e
440
510
556
Limestone Handling & Reagent Prep
kW e
890
1,250
1,078
Pulverizers
kW e
2,780
3,850
3,703
Ash Handling
kW e
530
740
860
Primary Air Fans
kW e
1,300
1,800
1,342
Forced Draft Fans
kW e
1,660
2,300
1,410
Induced Draft Fans
kW e
7,050
11,120
17,020
SCR
kW e
50
70
253
Baghouse
kW e
70
100
642
kW e
2,970
4,110
5,047
Econamine FG Plus Auxiliaries
kW e
20,600
6,000
CO2 Compressor
kW e
44,890
43,274
kW e
2,000
2,000
2,395
Steam Turbine Auxiliaries
kW e
400
400
Condensate Pumps
kW e
800
560
811
kW e
4,730
10,100
4,376
Ground Water Pumps
kW e
480
910
4,477
Cooling Tower Fans
kW e
2,440
5,230
1,588
Transformer Losses
kW e
1,820
2,290
3,922
Total
kW e
30,410
112,830
98,751

Auxiliary Load
kW e
30,410
112,830
98,751
kW e
549,990
39.3%
8,687
409,528
1,400,163
40,646
972,382
549,970
28.4%
12,002
565,820
1,934,520
57,245
134,193
543,362
36.0%
9,472
441,178
1,508,374
43,508
102,924
0
90.0%
4,252
1,207,730
90.0%
7,300
926,317
90.0%
7,072
Net Plant Power

Coal Feed Flowrate
Thermal Input
CO2 Emitted
CO2 Captured
CO2 Removal
Water Requirement
Btu/kWhr
lb/hr
kW th
lb/hr
lb/hr
lb/hr
1000s gpd
108
P18775 Final Report
. Cost of CO2 Capture
Parameter
Capacity Factor
Capital Charge Factor
20-year Levelization Factors
Fuel
Non-Fuel Variable O&M
Fixed O&M
Plant Operating Life
Power Production @100% Capacity
Power Plant Capital
Power Plant Fuel
Variable Plant O&M
Fixed Plant O&M
Power Plant Total
CO2 TS&M
BOTTOM LINE TOTAL
Increase in COE
CO2 Emissions
CO2 Capture
CO2 Capture
with Economine with the Carbon
No CO2 Capture
FG+
Sorbent
85%
85%
85%
11.65%
12.43%
12.43%
Unit
1.2089
1.1618
1.1618
1.2089
1.1618
1.1618
1.2089
1.1618
1.1618
years
GWh/yr
30
4,818
30
4,818
30
4,760
c/kWh
c/kWh
c/kWh
c/kWh
c/kWh
c/kWh
c/kWh
3.17
1.42
0.51
0.80
5.89
5.89
5.96
1.96
0.87
1.30
10.10
0.56
10.66
4.40
1.55
0.66
0.96
7.56
0.54
8.10
0.0%
80.2%
37.2%
lb/MWh
1,768
244
189
109
P18775 Final Report
110
P18775 Final Report
1. The performance of the process will be demonstrated using a flue gas stream
from an operating PC-fired power plant for an extended period of time.
2. The system design will focus on the materials of construction to reduce the
cost of CO2 capture to acceptable levels. The capital cost of the system is a
major factor in the cost of CO2 capture.
3. Thermal integration concepts can be evaluated at a preliminary level.
Although thermal requirements cannot be defined precisely at this scale, we
will obtain a reasonable estimate of steam requirements, which is a major
operating cost.
111
P18775 Final Report
112

Development of Novel Carbon Sorbents For CO Capture: Final Technical Report

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Development of Novel Carbon Sorbents For CO Capture: Final Technical Report

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Development of Novel Carbon Sorbents for

November 30, 2013

Dr. Gopala N. Krishnan, Associate Director

Dr. Marc Hornbostel, Dr. Jianer Bao, Dr. Jordi Perez,

Date Report Issued:

DOE Award Number:

Cooperative Agreement No. DE-NT0005578

Submitting Organization: SRI International

U.S. Department of Energy

P18775 Final Report

P18775 Final Report

P18775 Final Report

P18775 Final Report

P18775 Final Report

P18775 Final Report

P18775 Final Report

P18775 Final Report

P18775 Final Report

P18775 Final Report

P18775 Final Report

P18775 Final Report

P18775 Final Report

P18775 Final Report

P18775 Final Report

P18775 Final Report

P18775 Final Report

P18775 Final Report

P18775 Final Report

P18775 Final Report

P18775 Final Report

CO2 Adsorbed (cm3/g)

CO2 Partial Pressure (atm)

P18775 Final Report

CO2 Adsorbed (cm3/g)

P18775 Final Report

Log (Volume of CO2 Adsorbed/g)

P18775 Final Report

Elapsed Time (Minutes)

Relative Weight (%)

P18775 Final Report

Elapsed Time (Minutes)

Wt% CO2 on the Sorbent

Relative Weight (%)

%CO2 in CO2-Ar Gas Mixture

P18775 Final Report

Ln Equilibrium CO2 Pressure

Inverse Temperature (1/K)

P18775 Final Report

Heat of Adsorption (kJ/mol)

Quantity of CO2 Adsorbed (cm /g)

P18775 Final Report

Ln CO2 Partial Pressure

Inverse Temperature (1/K)

Quantity of CO2 Adsorbed (cm /g)

P18775 Final Report

Volume of N2 adsorbed (cm /g)

P18775 Final Report

Volume of O2 Adsorbed (cm3/g)

P18775 Final Report

Volume of Ar adsorbed (cm /g)

P18775 Final Report

Volume of H2O Vapor Adsorbed (cm3/g)

P18775 Final Report