Volume 7

Pavement Design and Maintenance

Volume 7 - Pavement Design & Maintenance

Section 1:

Preamble

Section 2:

Pavement Design and Construction

Section 3:

Pavement Maintenance Assessment

S ti 4
Section
4:

P
Pavement
t Maintenance
M i t
Methods
M th d

Section 5:

Surfacing
g and Surfacing
g Materials

Volume 7 - Pavement Design & Maintenance

Section 1:

Preamble

HD23 General information

Glossary and structure of volume 7

HD35 Technical Information March 1995

Primarily concerned with recycling of materials in road pavement

Volume 7 - Pavement Design & Maintenance

Section 2:

Pavement Design and Construction

HD24 Traffic Assessment Feb 1996

HD25 Foundations Jan
J 1994
HD26 Pavement Design Aug 2001
HD27 Pavement Construction Methods
HD39 Footway Design

Volume 7 - Pavement Design & Maintenance

Section 3:

Pavement Maintenance Assessment

3 Standards - not applicable to Ireland

See NRA Interim Guidelines for Pavement and Maintenance Works

Volume 7 - Pavement Design & Maintenance

Section 4:

Pavement Maintenance Methods

2 Standards and 1 Scottish Memo - not applicable to Ireland

Volume 7 - Pavement Design & Maintenance

Section 5:

Surfacing and Surfacing Materials

HD36 Surfacing Materials for New and Maintenance Construction

February 1999
HD37 Bituminous Surfacing Materials and Techniques
HD38 Concrete Surfacing and Material

Volume 7
7,, Section 2, Part 1 HD 24 - Traffic Assessment
New NRA Addendum to HD24/06 imminent
Note both HD24/96 and HD24 /06 are based on UK traffic growth
predictions,, which are not applicable to Ireland
predictions
Standard
St
d d method
th d in
i HD24/96 iis nott used
d in
i IIreland
l d
Currently use the Structural Assessment and
Maintenance Method outlined in Chapter 3 of HD24/94
HD24/06 combines Chapters 2&3 but introduces different wear
factors for New Construction which are not to be used in Ireland.
Heavy Vehicle Classifications
Classifications:: 3 Axle Artics moved to OGV2

Volume 7
7,, Section 2, Part 1 HD 24 - Traffic Assessment

Heavy Vehicle Classifications

Buses and Coaches = PSV
2 Axle Rigid = OGV1
3 Axle Rigid = OGV1
3 Axle Artic = OGV1 => OGV2
4 Axle Rigid = OGV2
4 Axle Artic = OGV2
5 Axle ++

= OGV2

Volume 7
7,, Section 2, Part 1 HD 24 - Traffic Assessment
VEHICLE CLASSIFICATIONS
Threshold for 2 axle rigid HCV: double tyre rear axle
Calculation of Design Traffic Loading requires minimum of OGV1
and OGV2 proportions in traffic surveys and predictions

WEAR FACTORS
OGV1 WF = 0.6

OGV2 WF = 3.0

Note these are Maintenance Factors in HD24/06

New Figure 2.1 in HD24/06 dictates the minimum proportion of OGV2
vehicles to be assumed

10

Volume 7
7,, Section 2, Part 1 HD 24 - Traffic Assessment

Figure 2.1
Minimum
Percentage of
OGV2 Class
V hi l for
Vehicles
f New
N
Construction

11

Volume 7
7,, Section 2, Part 1 HD 24 - Traffic Assessment
STEP 1 Calculate Design Traffic Loading
T ffi P
Traffic
Predictions
di ti
should
h ld b
be agreed
d with
ith NRA iin accordance
d
with
ith th
the
NRA Project Appraisal Guidelines
Growth rates currently being used in NRA PAG vary with time
BUT
Chart in HD24 can only be used to obtain growth factors where a
constant growth rate is assumed over the life of the pavement

12

Volume 7 - HD24 Traffic Assessment

13

Volume 7
7,, Section 2, Part 1 HD 24 - Traffic Assessment
Design Traffic Loading For Constant Growth Rate
Old Table 3.1/ new Table 2.4
- Wear factors for each vehicle category
- Weighted Annual traffic derived by multiplying the opening year flow by
the growth factor and wear factor
- DESIGN TRAFFIC is the sum of the Weighted Annual Traffic
for each vehicle category multiplied by design period
For multi lane roads multipl
multiplyy by the % traffic in the left hand lane
old
ld Fi
Figure 3
3.3/new
3/
Fi
Figure 2
2.4
4
left lane pavement applies across full width

14

Volume 7 - HD24 Traffic Assessment

T bl 2
Table
2.4
4
Calculation
of Design
Traffic
Assuming a
constant
growth rate

15

Volume 7
7,, Section 2, Part 1 HD 24 - Traffic Assessment
Design Traffic Loading For Variable Growth Rate
New Table 2.4a
2.4a in NRA Addendum
- Wear factors for each vehicle category
- Weighted Lifetime traffic derived by summing the predicted traffic over
the design period multiplied by the wear factor
- Weighted lifetime traffic =
- DESIGN TRAFFIC is the sum of the Weighted
g
Lifetime Traffic
for each vehicle category
For multi lane roads multipl
multiplyy by the % traffic in the left hand lane

16

Volume 7 - HD24 Traffic Assessment

Table 2.4a
2.4a Table
for the Calculation
of Design
g Traffic
when Predictions
for each Individual
Year are available

17

Volume 7
7,, Section 2, Parts 2 & 3 Pavement Design

STEP 2 - Pavement design :

New NRA HD 2525-26 imminent
UK HD 25 Pavement Foundations replaced by IAN 73
UK HD 26/01 Pavement Design updated to HD 26/06
NRA retaining HD25/94 and HD26/01 for Fully Flexible Pavements while
adopting elements of IAN 73 and HD26/06 for Flexible Composite, Rigid
Pavements and EME2

18

Volume 7
7,, Section 2, Parts 2 & 3 Pavement Design
UK IAN 73 Foundations
- introduces four classes of foundation
- defines restricted designs and performance designs
NRA HD25
HD25--26
- retains design charts from HD25/94 for Foundations beneath Fully
Flexible Pavements
- adopts design charts for Class 2 and Class 3 Restricted Designs from
IAN 73 for Foundations beneath other Pavements
Performance related design NOT adopted in Ireland

19

Volume 7
7,, Section 2, Parts 2 & 3 Pavement Design

Foundation for
Fully Flexible
Pavements

20

Volume 7
7,, Section 2, Parts 2 & 3 Pavement Design
700

Capping
plus
sub--base
sub

600

500
Thickness (m
mm)

Foundation
for all other
types of
Pavements

Capping layer thickness

400

Total foundation thickness Type B sub-base (Class 2

foundation)

300

Total foundation thickness CBGM A or B, C3/5 or C5/6

(Class 2 foundation)

200

100

Class
Cl
2

0
2.5 3

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 20 25 30

Subgrade CBR (%)

21

Volume 7
7,, Section 2, Parts 2 & 3 Pavement Design

Sub-base
Subonly

500

400
Layer Thicknes
ss (mm)

Foundation
for all other
types of
Pavements

300

Granular Sub-base Type B

(Class 2)

200

Cemented sub-base CBGM A

or B, C3/5 or C5/6 (Class2) or
C8/10 (Class3)

100

Class 2 or 3
30

20

18

16

14

12

10

2.
5

Subgrade CBR (%)

22

Fully Flexible Pavement Design

23

Flexible Composite Pavement Design

24

Rigid Pavement Design

NRA Requires Class 3 Foundation

CRCB requires min 100mm Bituminous surfacing
Add 30mm if less than 1m hardstrip on left
25

EME2 Pavement Design

Stiffer Bituminous Material which p

permits thinner p
pavements
Requires Class 3 Hydraulically Bound Foundation
Will have its own design chart separated from other fully
flexible pavements

26

Volume 7 HD 36 Surfacing Materials

Table 2
2.2.I
2 I (Ireland) ::- Defines Permissible surfacing options HRA, TSCS, PA, Surf Dress etc
- Restricts use of all but HRA
- Forthcoming revision will remove restriction on PMSMA (TSCS)

27

Volume 7 HD 36 Surfacing Materials

Table 3
3.1.I
1 I (Ireland):
(Ireland):- Defines minimum PSV requirements for different road types and
traffic flows
- Forthcoming revision will restrict the use of High Skid Resistant
Surfacing

28

MCDRW Series 700

Series 700 Road Pavement - General:

General:- Forthcoming
g

g
general revision for consistency
y with
European Standards

29

MCDRW Series 800

Series 800 Road Pavements Unbound,

Unbound Cement and
Other Hydraulically Bound Mixtures:
Mixtures:- Forthcoming major revision based on MCDHW and
Euro Norms
- Introducing
g new HBM materials for Flexible Composite
p
Bases and Cemented SubSub-bases

30

MCDRW Series 1000

Series 1000 Road Pavement Concrete Materials:

Materials:- Forthcoming major revision based on MCDHW and
Euro Norms
- Deletion of CBM replaces by HBMs
HBM s in new Series 800

31