WiFi (or Wi-Fi) is short for Wireless Fidelity.

WiFi is a wireless networking

technology that allows computers, mobile phones, game consoles, and other
devices to communicate over a wireless signal. The same way a radio can tune
into a radio station signal over the airwaves, your device can pick up a signal
that connects it to the internet, thru the air. As a matter of fact, a WiFi signal is a
high-frequency radio signal.
WiFi was first released for consumers in 1997 by the organization named
IEEE(Institution of Electrical Engineers) the standard was name as 802.11.WiFi
use ISM band.The industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) radio bands are radio
bands (portions of the radio spectrum) reserved internationally for the use of
radio frequency (RF) energy for industrial, scientific and medical purposes other
than telecommunications.Examples of applications in these bands include radiofrequency process heating, microwave ovens etc.
A basic specification for WiFi was created, which allowed for 2 Mbit/s of data
transfer.In 1999 802.11 a and 802.11 b was introduced. 802.11 a was developed
for commercial/industrial use which allowed 54 Mbit/s of data transfer speed and
it used 5Ghz frequency for transfer;as it used high frequency band of 5Ghz it
caused for high speed data tranfer but for shorter range.802.11 b was developed
for home/domestic use which allowed 11 Mbit/s of data transfer speed and it
used 2.4 Ghz frequency for transfer; as it used low frequency band of 2.4 Ghz it
caused for low speed data tranfer but for more wider range as comapred to
802.11 a.
In 2003 802.11g was introduced it is the third modulation standard for wireless
LANs it extended through put to 54 Mbit/s using 2.4 GHz band.Later came 802.11
n in 2009 the fourth modulation standard offered speed upto 600 Mbit/s using
both 2.4 GHz band and 5 GHz band thus providing advantage of high speed and
long distance data transfer. Latest among all was introduced in 2013 named as
802.11 ac it gave speed of 1.3 Gbps and it used 5 GHz band for transfer.

The smallest building block of a wireless LAN is a basic service set (BSS), which
consists of some number of stations executing the same MAC protocol and
competing for access to the same shared wireless medium. A BSS may be
isolated or it may connect to a backbone distribution system (DS) through an
access point (AP). The access point functions as a bridge. In BSS, client station
do not communicate directly with one another. Rather if 1 station in BSS want to
communicate with another station in same BSS ,the MAC frame is first sent from
originating station to AP, and then from AP to destination station. Similarly a MAC
frame from station in BSS to a remote station is sent from local station to AP and
then relayed by AP over the DS on its way to destination station. The DS can be a
switch, a wired network or a wireless network.
When all the station in BSS are mobile station, with no connection to other BSSs,
the BSS is called as independent BSS (IBSS).An IBSS is typically a adhoc
network.In an IBSS, the station all communicate directly, and no AP is involved.

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