English Grammar_________________________________________Made By AbdulRab

Terminology
What is Grammar?
Grammar means, putting the right words at the right places is called
Grammar.
Example:
In park the sit they. Incorrect
They sit in the park. Correct
Subject Verb Object
I take him.
I know you.
He eats meal.
SUBJECT: Doer of an action.
VERB: It is a word showing an action.
OBJECT: Some thing at which an action is done.
They write a letter.
Subject Verb object

What is language?
It is a source of communication with each other.
Language word is taken from langua.
Langua means SOUND.
What is an Alphabet?
A set of letters.
Example: A to Z
Kinds of Alphabet
1. Elevated Alphabet
2. Non Elevated Alphabet
1. Elevated Alphabet:
A language having its own alphabet.
Example: Sindhi, English, Arabic and e.t.c.
2. Non Elevated Alphabet:
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A language having no its own alphabet.

Example: Punjabi, Balochi and e.t.c.
What is a Letter?
Every symbol of an alphabet is called letter.
Example: A H N J K Z.
Kinds of Letter
1. Vowel (a,e,i,o,u)
2. Consonant (b-z)
3. Semi Vowel (w,y)
Usage of semi vowel
First letter in word is coming w or y and then these letters is any
vowel coming in word we will ask it is consonant.
Example: Way, Day, Yolk and e.t.c.

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Tenses
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Common Errors in Tenses

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Sequence of Tenses
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Passive Voice
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Direct and Indirect Narration

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Capital Letter Usage

1. To begin a sentence.
Example
He runs fast.
2. “I” always be capital.
Example
When was I child
3. O_ interjection capital.
Example
O AbdulRab!
4. Proper noun always be capital at the end.
Example
The best city in the world is Taif.
5. All pronouns standing for God.
Example
God is Great because He is Creator-God.
6. Names of days, months and years.
7. Titles, Degrees and abbreviations
Examples
PROF, Dr, B.A, Etc. FIA, CSS, ISSB Etc.
8. Books and Newspapers.
Examples
I use to recite The Holy Quran.
This is my English Grammar book.
9. Journals, Historical events and Public Institutions.

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Rules of Making Singular & Plural
More about Noun
1. Singular Noun
A noun which shows one thing.
2. Plural Noun
A noun which shows more than one thing.

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There are some rules for making Singular or Plural noun.

1. by adding “s”
Book → Books
Cock → Cocks

2. If a noun ends in letters “ch, sh, s, ss, x, z” and letter “o” its plural is made
by adding “es”.
Examples
Bench → Benches
Class → Classes
Quiz → Quizzes
Fox → Foxes
Lash → Lashes
Bunch → Bunches
Pitch → Pitches

NOTE: IF a noun ends in letter “z” than its plural is made by adding “es”
but “z” is doubling.
Quiz → Quizzes
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3. If a letter “
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Moods
It is the manner which denoted by verb.
1. Indicative Mood
It is used to show a statement of fact or a question.
Examples
The Sun rises in the east.
What do you eat?
2. Imperative Mood
It shows order request prohibition advice.
Examples
Get up.
Don’t eat too much.

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Please fetch a glass of water.

3. Subjunctive Mood

Examples

4. Infinitive Mood
Examples

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Part of Speech
Those words which are divided into different classes according to their
function
1. Noun
2. Pronoun
3. Adjective
4. Verb
5. Adverb
6. Preposition
7. Conjunction
8. Interjection
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1. Noun
It is the name of person place thing an animal quality action and
state.
OR
It is a naming word.
Examples
Person: Muhammad, Ali, Aslam, Asia, Ahmed etc.
Place: School, Hospital, Hotel, Hostel, Home etc.
Thing: Chair, Pen, Board, Fan etc.
Animal: Lion, Rabbit, Ox, Kangaroo, Sheep etc.
Quality: Beauty,

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Action: Cultivation
State: Poverty
Cases of Noun
1. Subjective Noun
2. Objective Noun
3. Possessive Noun
4. Accusative Noun
5. Vocative Noun
6. Dative Noun
1. Subjective Noun
When a noun used as a subject.
Examples
AbdulRab recites the Holy Quran.
Asia prays five times.
2. Objective Noun
When a noun used as an object.
Example
I met AbdulRab.
3. Possessive Noun
When a noun used to show possession.
Example
This home is AbdulRab’s.
4. Accusative Case.
When a noun used with preposition.
Example
I want to speak with AbdulRab.
5. Vocative Noun
When a noun used to address.
Examples
O AbdulRab!
O Sir!
6. Dative Case
When a noun as (indirect object) used to help another
word.
Examples
I give AbdulRab a pen.
I take Khalid papers.

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Kinds of Noun
1. Proper Noun
2. Common Noun
3. Collective Noun
4. Material Noun
5. Abstract Noun
1. Proper Noun
It is the name of particular person place and thing of
same kind.
Examples
Ali, Rabbi, Makkah, Karachi, Taj Mahal, The Holy Quran Etc
2. Common Noun
It is a name give to every person place and thing of same
kind.
Examples
Student, Boy, Girl, City Etc
3. Collective Noun
It is the name of a group of things taken together.
Examples
Flock, Herd, Army, Committee, Team, Bunch Etc
4. Material Noun
It is the name of something from which we make
another.
Examples
Wood, Gold, Iron, Silver, Plastic Etc
5. Abstract Noun
It is the name of some thing we cannot touch or see but
feel it.
Examples
Honesty, Love, Hatred, Wisdom, Etc
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2. Pronoun
A word which is used instead of a noun.
Examples
Aslam writes a letter.
↕
He writes a letter.

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Pronoun Chart

Subjective Objective Reflexive

Possessive Pronoun
Pronoun Pronoun Pronoun
I Me My Mine My Self
Our Self
We Us Our Ours
Our Selves
Your Self
You You Your Yours
Your Selves
Him Self
He Him His His Him Selves
Her Self
She Her Her Hers
Her Selves
It Self
It It Its Its It Selves
Their Self
They Them Their Theirs
Their Selves
Examples of Pronoun chart
This is my book.
My is used before Noun.
This book is mine.
Mine is used after helping verb or noun
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3. Adjective
It is a word which qualifies or disqualifies a noun or pronoun
and shows number, quantity, color and size.
Examples
Quality: Good Brave Handsome etc.
Disqualify: Bad ugly dull etc.
Number: Second Sixth Tenth etc.
Quantity: Much Some Any Few Little Enough etc.
Color: White Gray Blue Silver Sky etc.
Size: Big Small
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4. Verb
It is a word which shows an action state and being of subject.
OR
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It is word which tells about the subject.

Examples
Action: Move Eat Speak Write Read Etc.
State: Do Have Maybe Ought to Will Should Must
Being: Same as State is
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5. Adverb
It is a word which adds to the meaning of a verb an adjective,
another adverb and shows manner place time affirmation and negation.
Examples
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6. Preposition
It is a word placed before a noun or pronoun to show its
relation with something else.
Examples
In, On, At, With, For, Into, Etc.
Usage:
The horse is in the stable.
I am angry with him.
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7. Conjunction
It is a word which joins two words, phrases and sentences
with each other.
Examples
And, but, so, therefore, because, hence, or, neither, either etc.
Usage:
I am dull but he is clever.
I am honest because I am a Muslim.
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8. Interjection
It is a word which shows sudden feelings of mind as surprise,
joy, sorrow, prayer and curse.
Examples
What! How! Hurrah! Huzza! Alas! Alack! O! Oh! Ouch! Hi! Bravo! Etc.
Usage:
What! A shot is.

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O Sir! How are you?

Article
Use of a an

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