Professional Documents
Culture Documents
2016
Overview
Protection Scheme
| Slide 2
Distance Protection
Differential Protection
Back Up Protection
ABB Group
Month DD, Year
Over Voltage
Supplementary Functions
Synchro-check.
BUS
52
CT
CT
52
X
LPT
LPT
21
85
68
79
67/67N
51/51N
50STB
DR
59/27
60
25
BPT
ABB Group
Month DD, Year
| Slide 3
BPT
BUS
52
CT
CT
52
X
LPT
LPT
87
79
67 / 67N
51 / 51N
DR
DR
59/27
60
25
BPT
ABB Group
Month DD, Year
| Slide 4
BPT
Line Classification
Source Impedance Ratio
IEEE C37.113
119
ABB Group
Month DD, Year
| Slide 5
Classification depends on
Nominal Voltage
Line Type
SIR
Short Line
>4
Medium Line
0.5 to 4
Long Line
< 0.5
Line Protection
Application
ABB Group
Month DD, Year
| Slide 6
Short Line
Differential Protection
Medium Line
Line Protection
Application
ABB Group
Month DD, Year
| Slide 7
Long Line
Over-voltage
Distance
Measuring Principle
BUS
BUS
Uf
X
If
Z<
Z = R + j XL
If
ABB Group
Month DD, Year
| Slide 8
Uf
ZMeasured =
Z = (R + j XL ) / 2
Distance Protection
Zone Reach
ABB Group
Month DD, Year
| Slide 9
Distance Protection
Zone Reach and Operating Time
A
Zone 3
t3
Zone 2
t2
t1
ABB Group
Month DD, Year
| Slide 10
Zone 1
10 A
If1
ABB Group
Month DD, Year
| Slide 11
Uf
10 A
If
20 A
Ra
15
If2
Uf
If = 10 + 10 = 20 A
Rf = 5 + 15 = 20
Uf = 20 x 20 = 400 V
Z< = 400 / 10 = 40
BUS
Uf
If
Uf
ABB Group
Month DD, Year
| Slide 12
Zone Characteristics
Zone 1 and 2
ABB Group
Month DD, Year
| Slide 13
Zone 1
Zone 2
Zone Characteristics
Zone 3 and 4(5)
ABB Group
Month DD, Year
| Slide 14
Zone 3
Zone 4 (5)
Distance Protection
Line Characteristics
BUS
BUS
Z = R + j XL
Uf
If
Ra
XL
RL
ABB Group
Month DD, Year
| Slide 15
Distance Protection
Fault Loops
X
Rfpe
ZE
XL
ZL
RL
X
Rfpp / 2
XL
ZL
RL
ABB Group
Month DD, Year
| Slide 16
Distance Protection
Reach Characteristics
Non - Directional
A
Reverse
ABB Group
Month DD, Year
| Slide 17
Forward
Quadrilateral Characteristics
ABB Group
Month DD, Year
| Slide 18
ABB Group
Month DD, Year
| Slide 19
B
Iload = 1500 A
Line 1
Iload = 1500 A
Line 2
B
ILoad = 3000 A
Line 1
X
Line 2
ABB Group
Month DD, Year
| Slide 20
Load Encroachment
Characteristics
| Slide 21
Distance Protection
Need of scheme communication
A
Zone 3
t3
Zone 2
t2
Zone 1
t1
ABB Group
Month DD, Year
| Slide 22
Distance Protection
Need of scheme communication
A
Zone 2
t2
Zone 1
t1
ABB Group
Month DD, Year
| Slide 23
Scheme Communication
ABB Group
Month DD, Year
| Slide 24
To achieve fast fault clearing for a fault on the part of the line not
covered by the instantaneous zone 1, the stepped distance
protection function can be supported with logic, that uses
communication channels (PLCC, OLTE etc)
Blocking Scheme
Direct Inter-trip.
Scheme Communication
Blocking Scheme
A
Cr Send
ABB Group
Month DD, Year
| Slide 25
Reverse
Scheme Communication
Blocking Scheme
A
Reverse
Cr Send
Cr Not Received
ABB Group
Month DD, Year
| Slide 26
tcoord
Z2 - Start
AND
Trip CB
Zone 2 Start
AND
Carrier Send
Scheme Communication
Permissive Under Reach Scheme
A
Cr Send
Reverse
ABB Group
Month DD, Year
| Slide 27
Scheme Communication
Permissive Under Reach Scheme
A
Cr Send
Reverse
Cr Received
Z2 - Start
ABB Group
Month DD, Year
| Slide 28
AND
Trip CB
Zone 1 Start
AND
Carrier Send
Scheme Communication
Permissive Over Reach Scheme
A
Cr Send
Reverse
ABB Group
Month DD, Year
| Slide 29
Scheme Communication
Permissive Over Reach Scheme
A
Cr Send
Reverse
Cr Received
Z2 - Start
ABB Group
Month DD, Year
| Slide 30
AND
Trip CB
Zone 2 Start
AND
Carrier Send
SOTF is used to achieve a fast trip for a fault on the whole line,
when the line is being energized.
Cls Command
Z2 ND Start
SOTF Trip
AND
Impedance Mode
ABB Group
Month DD, Year
| Slide 31
Bus B
Bus A
Bus B
IL = 0
UL = Ur
50 STB
Zmeas =
Line
ABB Group
Month DD, Year
| Slide 32
Fault Statistics
Need of Auto-Reclose
ABB Group
Month DD, Year
| Slide 33
Feeder
Percentage occurrence
Transmission Line
85
Bus Bar
12
Generator Transformer
Type of fault
Percentage occurrence
LG
85
LL
LLG
LLL
2 or less
AND
AND
No Blocking
Start
CB Spring Charged
CB SF6 Healthy
CB Ready
AND
No Blocking
CB Ready
CB Closed
Block
ABB Group
Month DD, Year
| Slide 34
Block AR
AND
Start AR
Auto Reclose
Transient Single Phase Fault Single Phase Relosing
ABB Group
Month DD, Year
| Slide 35
ABB Group
Month DD, Year
| Slide 36
ABB Group
Month DD, Year
| Slide 37
Differential Protection
Advantage over distance
ABB Group
Month DD, Year
| Slide 38
For short lines, due to high SIR, the distance relay tends to over
reach.
Differential Protection
Challenges
RED
670
ABB Group
Month DD, Year
| Slide 39
Communication
Ic2
RED
670
Differential Protection
Application Example
| Slide 40
Differential Protection
Operate Bias Characteristics
ABB Group
Month DD, Year
| Slide 41
Application Configuration
Function Blocks REL670
Similar instances of
ZMQAPDIS to be
used for Zone 3, 4
and 5. Configuration
shown are
informative only and
not to be adopted for
commission without
prior validation by
ABB
ABB Group
Month DD, Year
| Slide 42
Parameter Settings
Zone 1
Settings shown are
informative only, not
to be used for site
commissioning
directly without prior
validation by ABB
ABB Group
Month DD, Year
| Slide 43
Parameter Settings
Zone 2
Settings shown are
informative only, not
to be used for site
commissioning
directly without prior
validation by ABB
ABB Group
Month DD, Year
| Slide 44
Application Configuration
Function Blocks REL670
Configuration shown
are informative only
and not to be adopted
for commission
without prior
validation by ABB
ABB Group
Month DD, Year
| Slide 45
Parameter Settings
Phase Selection
Settings shown are
informative only, not
to be used for site
commissioning
directly without prior
validation by ABB
ABB Group
Month DD, Year
| Slide 46
Parameter Settings
Power Swing Block
Settings shown are
informative only, not
to be used for site
commissioning
directly without prior
validation by ABB
ABB Group
Month DD, Year
| Slide 47
Parameter Settings
SOTF
Settings shown are
informative only, not
to be used for site
commissioning
directly without prior
validation by ABB.
Configuration shown
are informative only
and not to be adopted
for
commission
without
prior
validation by ABB
ABB Group
Month DD, Year
| Slide 48
ABB Group
Month DD, Year
| Slide 49
Distance protection
Synchrocheck
Fuse Fail
Zero Sequence
ABB Group
Month DD, Year
| Slide 50
Fuse Fail
Configuration and Settings
Settings shown are
informative only, not
to be used for site
commissioning
directly without prior
validation by ABB
Configuration shown
are informative only
and not to be adopted
for
commission
without
prior
validation by ABB
ABB Group
Month DD, Year
| Slide 51
Scheme Communication
Configuration and Settings
Settings shown are
informative only, not
to be used for site
commissioning
directly without prior
validation by ABB
Configuration shown
are informative only
and not to be adopted
for
commission
without
prior
validation by ABB
ABB Group
Month DD, Year
| Slide 52
Application Configuration
Differential Protection RED670
Configuration shown
are informative only
and not to be adopted
for commission
without prior
validation by ABB
ABB Group
Month DD, Year
| Slide 53
Parameter Setting
Differential Protection
Settings shown are
informative only, not
to be used for site
commissioning
directly
without
validating.
ABB Group
Month DD, Year
| Slide 54
Case Study 1
Normal Operation AR, Fault
ABB Group
Month DD, Year
| Slide 55
Fault in line, and main CB not ready for AR, but Tie CBs AR is
successful.
Case Study 1
Impedance Locus during first fault
ABB Group
Month DD, Year
| Slide 56
Case Study 1
Fault during reclaim time
ABB Group
Month DD, Year
| Slide 57
Fault during reclaim time, all the three phases of Tie CB is opened
Case Study 1
Impedance Locus during second fault
ABB Group
Month DD, Year
| Slide 58
ABB Group
Month DD, Year
| Slide 59
Wrong Synchronizing
Power Swing
Impedance Locus Movement
ABB Group
Month DD, Year
| Slide 60