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ProcessEngineer:PSVCalculationKd,Kc,Kbfactor

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PSV Calculation - Kd,Kc,Kb factor

Hifriends,howareyoutoday?Hopefully,youarenotalreadyboredwithmyarticles.Now,we
will learn the concept of relief valve calculation. The spreadsheets not tell you anything, but
we should know what really it does. After read this fully article, I hope you get a better
understanding of the relief valve calculation concept, and then know well with your
spreadsheet.

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Pressureisequaltotheforcedividedbythearea(P~F/A).Thatisaverybasicconcept.Iam
sureyoualreadyfamiliarwiththisformulaintheverybeginningofjuniorhighschool.IntalkingPSV,theforceis
generatedbymassrelievingrate.Iamsure,allofusknowwellthatrelievingrateisdependsoncasesthattobe
considered(e.g.fire,blockeddischarge,gasblowbyetc.)

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TriyantoSR
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Weneedsomecorrectionssincethefluidflowsthroughareliefvalvenozzleorificeratherthananidealnozzle.
Forthesamearea,atcertaincondition,theflowcapacityofreliefvalveorificemustbelesscomparedwiththe
idealoneItsmeanthatmoreareaisrequiredtohandlethesamemassrelievingrate.Thatswhy,thereare
somecorrectionfactorsarerequiredsuchasKc,Kd,Kb,Kv,Kp,Kh,Knetc.
LetsfocustoKc,KdandKb.Iwillmakeotherpostingfortheexplanationoftheotherfactors.
EffectiveDischargeKd
Kdiseffectivedischargecoefficientusedforthemassfluxcapacitycorrectionfortherealnozzle.Thehigherthe
Kdvalue,thecloserthemechanicaltoanidealdesignidealnozzle,Kd=1.ItisveryobviousthatthePSVhas
Kdvaluelowerthan1.Forinstance,APIreliefvalvehasKd=0.975and0.65forgasandliquidrespectively.
Kdisdependsonthemechanicaldesign.Inotherword,everyvendorhasaspecificvalueofKd.Itisimportant
toberealized,soyouarenotalwaysinput0.975inthespreadsheetwhereasyouusePSVotherthanAPI.
WecanuseAPIdataaspreliminarycalculationonlywhenwedonthaveanyreferenceofKdvalue.Weusually
dothisatproposalstage.
SomevendorshaveabetterdesignPSVthanstandardAPI.Inotherword,theyhaveKdvaluehigherthan0.975.
So,IsuggestyoutoaskyourvendortheexactvalueofKd,especiallyatprojectstage.Thereispotentialthatthe
smallerorificeareaisrequired.

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CombinationwithRuptureDiskKc
KciscorrectionfactorwhenrupturedisktobeinstalledupstreamofthePSV.
RupturediskisrequiredtobeinstalledatupstreamofthePSVforsystemcontainsolidthatmayplugthePSV
overtime.AtHAZID/HAZOP,fortoxicservice,potentialleakingofreliefvalveshallbeconsidered,andthen
rupturediskatupstreamPSVcanbeusedaspositivesealforthesafeguard.Thatiswhy,basedonmy
experience,thecombinationrupturediskandPSVisveryseldomtobeappliedinthegasprocessing.

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Actually,theKcvalueiscomplex.ButIamsure,weseldomuseit.So,Iamnottoointerestmakeslonger
explanation.Iunderstandmanyengineershatewiththelongarticlewithsomethingnotpractical,metoo.Ifyou
wanttoknowmoredetailaboutKc,pleasereadAPI520partIbyyourself.

1stDepressuringTutorial

ImpactofBackPressureKb

2ndDepressuringTutorial

BackpressureisdefinedasapressureexistingatPSVsoutlet.Itimpacttoopeningpressure,reductioncapacity,
instabilityormaycombinationofall.Kbisrequiredforcorrectionofreducingcapacity.

3rdDepressuringTutorial

Forthelowbackpressuresystemthattheimpactisnotsignificant,conventionaltypecanbeused.Andforthe

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ProcessEngineer:PSVCalculationKd,Kc,Kbfactor

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excessivebackpressureservice,pilottypePSVisrequiredtoovercomeit.Then,imaginethatlowbackpressure
fortheconventionaltypeandnoimpactbackpressureonpilottypeduetomechanicaldesign.Thatsall,Ithink,
veryclearwhyKbisrequiredforbalancebelowtypeonly.
NotethatthebackpressurecorrectionfactorKbforconventionalandpilottypeisnotrequired,andthenuse
Kb=1.AskyourvendorofKbvalueasgraphicforusingbelowPSVtypeorrefertoAPI520part1for
preliminarydesign.
Actually,forconventionaltype,whentheconditionisnoncriticalduetosuperimposedbackpressure,Kbis
required.Butfornow,ratherthanitwillmakeyouconfuse,forgetitsincetherearenotmuchsystemlikesthat.
Theunderstandingofthebackpressureisveryimportantforprocessengineer.Atthistime,atleast,weknow
whyKbisrequired.Iwillmakeaseparatepostingforexplanationofbackpressureformoredetail.Ihaveplanit
willhavebeenfinishedbeforetheendofthismonth.Dontmissit.
ThatsallIcansharethisweek.TherequiredorificeareacalculationprocedureiscoveredinAPI520partI.The
standardreliefvalveorificeisalsoalreadystatedinAPI526andASMESecVIII.Pleaserefertothosedocuments
forthedetail.
Thankyou.
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8 comments:

Chemical&ProcessTechnology
SmartProcessDesign
ChemicalEngineerResources

Anonymous Oct24,2011,3:59:00PM
InsizingPSVforsteamreliefKbcanbegreaterthen1.0?
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TriyantoSR

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Mar19,2012,9:32:00PM

Idon'tthinkso.
TheKbiscorrectionfactor..(reducingcapacityofthePSVduetobackpressure)
Thegreaterthebackpressure,thelowerthePSVcapacity.
Reply

BuiltUpBackPressure
Calculation
BuiltUpandSuperimpossedBack
Pressure
BasicDepressuringWhy15
minutes?
MinimumFlowSystem

Krittika Sep17,2012,11:47:00AM
This is such a great blog.Please do continue the good work as it is a lot of help for Process Engineers
roundtheworld...
Reply

PumpSuctionStrainer
GasBlowbyCase
PSVInstallationGuide

AnnaAndronikou Jul11,2013,2:46:00AM
Greatjob.Yourarticlesareveryhelpfull.Thankyou
Reply

ReducerSuctionPumpSystem
PSVCalculationKd,Kc,Kbfactor
TheArtofLineSizing
Therewasanerrorinthisgadget

samsamqqqj Aug8,2013,12:25:00PM
IfoundyourblogwhenIwaslookingforadifferentsortofinformationbutIwasveryhappyandgladto
readthroughyourblog.Theinformationavailablehereisgreat
KansasCitySEO
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ProcessEngineer:PSVCalculationKd,Kc,Kbfactor

Anonymous Aug30,2013,10:13:00PM
Thankyou,lotsofvaluableinformation
Reply

Anonymous Sep23,2013,12:39:00PM
pleasuretoreadtheyourblog...Technicallanaguageisverysample&easytounderstand....bravo....keep
itup....
Reply

Anonymous Oct16,2014,4:19:00PM
Pleasecorrectlikethis:NotethatthebackpressurecorrectionfactorKbforbalancedbellowandpilottype
isnotrequired,andthenuseKb=1.AskyourvendorofKbvalueasgraphicforusingbelowconventional
PSVtypeorrefertoAPI520part1forpreliminarydesign
Reply

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