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Ans.
Thus if we want to increase the voltage gain., current gain or power gain we
need multistage transistor amplifiers.
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Ans.
When two such amplifiers are cascaded, the loading effect of input impedance
of the second stage will reduce the gain of first amplifier but the gain of second
stage will not be affected.
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(i) voltage
(ii) current and
(iii) power.
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(i) Decibel for expressing voltage : It is 20 times the common logarithm of
voltage gain
(iii) Decibel for power: It is 10 times of the common logarithm of power gain
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Ans.
If the by pass capacitor is not put in the circuit, a.c. emitter current will
flow through using an ac voltage drop across it.
This voltage produce a feedback effect and there by tie output voltage.
Thus for proper amplification, an emitter bypass capacitor is essential.
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Voltage gain of one stage = 20 log10 30
and Voltage gain of seond stage = 20 log10 80
Overall voltage gain is 201og10 30 + 20 tog10 80,
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Different types of configurations used in multistage amplitude circuits are
1.Class-A
2.Class-B
3. Class-C
4.Class-D
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Stagger tuner amplifier have high selectivity, high gain and desirable band
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The cut-off frequecies of single stage amplifiers are influnced by R-C
combinatic because :
The first cut off frequency lies in low frequency range, in which the
impedance by coupling capacitor Cc is comparable to the collector
resistance Rc. Thus it largely the current amplification.
The second cut-off frequency lies in the high frequency range where the
area offered by coupling capacitor C is very small and it may be
considered as a short circui Thus with increase in input frequency the
magnitude of voltage gain, falls off.
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(i) It should ensure proper zero signal collector current and VCE.
(ii) It should ensure that .VCE does not fall ihe.required limits i.e. 1V for Si and
0.5 V.
Ans.
As the signal frequency varies the voltage gain of an amplifier also varies
due to capacitive reactances of the circuit.
The curve drawn between the signal frequency and voltage gain of an
amplifier is called as frequency response of an amplifier. The low
frequency and high frequency at which the gain falls by 3 db are known
as halfr frequencies or 3-db points.
It is termed as half power because the power output is 3db from its
normal level.
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amplifier?
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The requirements for efficient coupling in a multistage amplifier is
(i) There should be proper impedance matching.
(ii) Distortion should be removedduring coupling.
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(i) It provide impedance matching due to which maximum power can be
transferred.
(ii) It keeps the dc power small.
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The frequency response of an RC coupled amplifier is as shown:-
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Limitations of single tuned voltaged amplifiers:
(i) Single tuned voltage amplifier reauces the bandwidth to large extent to get
higher 10 factor.
(ii) This results in poor reproduction.
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Ans.
has a resistance of
, find the turn ratio of the transformer so that
maximUm power is transferred to the load.
Ans.
According to maximum power transfer theorem the source impedance should
be equal to load impedance.
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Q 22. State and explain atleast one typical application of each type of
coupling.
Ans.
(i) RC coupling transistor amplifier : AC coupled amplifiers provide
excellent audio fidelity over a wide range of frequencies. Therefore, they are
Widely used as voltage amplifiers.
The function of voltage amplifier is to raise the voltage level of the input signal.
As R-C coupling has smaller size, smaller weight, lower cost and occupy less
space therefore, it is preferred to couple various stages of voltage amplifiers by
this coupling method as shown fig. below,
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(iii) Direct coupled amplifiers: When extremely low frequency (< 10 Hz)
signals (such as photo electric current in film projector, thermo couple currents
for temperature measurements etc) are required to be amplified, direct
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coupling is used
Q 23. Derive the equation for the overall voltage gain of multistage
amplifier in terms of the individual voltage gains?
Ans.
Let us consider the block diagram for multistage amplifier as shown:
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Ans.
Voltage gain in db for 1st stage 20 log10 60 = 20 X 1.778 = 35.56db
Voltage gain in db for 2nd stage = 20 log10 100-= 20 x 2 = 40db
Voltage gain in 1b for 3rd stage = 20 log10 160 = 20 x 2.04 44.08 db
The overall voltage gain in db = 35.56+ 40 + 44.08
Av(overat() = 119.64 db.
Ans.
Stagger tuned amplifier:
It has been observed that if two or more tuned circuits, which are
synchronously tuned are cascaded, the overall bandwidth decreases.
However, if the different tuned circuits are cascaded, are tuned to slightly
different frequencies, it is possible to obtain an increased bandwidth with
a flat pass-band with steep sides.
This technique is known as stagger-tuning Following fig shows a two
stage tuned voltage amplifier
The stagger tunning in this circuit, may be achieved by resonating the tuned
circuits L1 C1 and L2 C2 to slightly different frequencies.
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Ans.
Tuned amplifiers are those amplifiers which amplify a selected frequency or a
selected band of frequencies Circuit diagram of a single tuned amplifier is as
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shown
Operation:
When high frequency signal is applied at the input terminals the resonant
frequency of parallel tuned circuit select and amplifiers the resonant
frequency by changing the value of C.
Only a particular frequency is selected and others are rejected by the
tuned
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Ans.
Voltage gain in dB
= 20 log10 40
= 20 x 1.602
= 32.04
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Ans.
Overall voltage, gain in dB
= 33 + 36 + 40 = 109 dB.
falls
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The frequency response curve is shown in figure.
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Bandwidth = 30 Hz to 20 KHz = (30 - 20) KHz = 10 KHz
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Find
(i) voltage gain of second stage
(ii) Overall voltage gain.
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(i) As no load is for, second stage
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1. Greater power output
2. Higher power efficiency
3. No power loss at zero signal
4. With signal the DC current increases
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The main difference between tuned and untuned amplifiers is that the,
tuned amplifiers are designed for specific, usually narrow bandwidth but
untuned are not designed by such specifications.
Q 42. Why R-C coupling is the most widely used coupling between the
two stages cascaded amplifier?
Ans.
R-C coupling gives excellent frequency response i.e. a constant gain over
the audio-frequency range.
Thus, are useful for speech and music.
Also R-C coupling is cheaper in cost because of low cost of resistors and
capacitors used in the circuit.
By using R-C coupling with circuit becomes very compact because of its
components are very light and small.
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Ans.
1. Single tuned voltage amplifier:
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Ans.
It is as shown in fig.
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The output of the single tuned amplifier can be obtained by using either a
coupling capacitor C or by using a secondary coil at the output stage.
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