Bhagwati International Public

School
Dr. Indu Dayal Meshri Primary
English School

INVESTEGATORY PROJECT ON
STUDY OF DRUGS RESITANCE IN
BACTERIA

Guided by:- Ms.Seema Tiwari

Submitted by:- Darshan Khatri

Roll no:-

This is to certify that Mr. Darshan Khatri

student of XII science Roll
No___________
worked on project titled-STUDY OF
DRUGS RESITANCE IN BACTERIA held
in Bhagwati
International Public School during the
academicyear 2016-2017.He worked
sincerely under the guidance of faculties
and prepared this dissertation.
External Teacher

Subject Teacher

Principal

ACKNOWLEDGEME
NT
First of all,I am immensely indebted to almighty god for his
blessings and grace without which I could not have undertaken
this task and my efforts would never have been a success.
I humbly consider a privilege and honor to
express my heartiest and profound gratitude to Mr. Rajendra.S.
Malwal, principal BIPS, Patan. For his appropriate direction,
valuable suggestion, under judging assistance so generously
extended to me.
I wish to express my deepest feelings of gratitude to
Ms.Seema Tiwari, biology department, BIPS Patan. For his
erudite involvement and sustained guidance which has been
pivotal in my project work. His minute observation, precious
insights, critical comments have indeed greatly helped to shape
my ideas.
This guidance and support received from my entire
classmates who contributed and whoare contributing to this
project, is vital for the success of this project. I am grateful
for their constant support and help.

I also owe sense of gratitude to my parents for

encouragement and support throughout the project.

- Darshan khatri

Contents
SR.NO

TITLE

1)

Introduction

2)

History of antibiotics

3)

What is drug
resistance?

4)

5)

Why do bacteria
become resistant to
antibiotics?
Aim of project

6)

Materials

7)

Procedure

8)

Method

9)

Observation

PAGE
NO

10)

Result

11)

Precautions

12)

Message

Introduction
Antibiotics are drugs that are used
in the treatment or prevention of
bacterial infection. Strictly
speaking ,antibiotics are natural
substance produced by
microorganisms to kill other
organisms or retard their growth.
Penicillin, Tetracycline,
Streptomycin are few drugs used to
treat various diseases.

HISTORY OF ANTIBIOTICS
ANCIENT
In 3500 BC,the Sumerian doctors
would give their patients,beer soup
with snakeskin and

turtle shells.

Modern History
Louis Pastures was the first to recognize
that bacteria could be used to kill other
bacteria.In 1929 Sir Alexander Fleming

discovered Penicillum Notatum.It is

effective against wide range of
bacteria.Then Streptomycin was

discovered.

What is drug resistance ?

Antibiotics resistance occurs when
an antibiotics has lost its ability to
effectively control or kill bacterial
growth; in other words,the bacteria
areResistanceand continue to
multiply in presence of therapeutic
levels of an antibiotic.

Why do bacteria become

resistant to antibiotics?
Antibiotics resistance is a natrual
phenomenon.When an antibiotics is used, bacteria
that can resist that antibiotics have a greater
chance of survival than those that are
Susceptible.
Susceptible bacteria are killed or intibited by an
antibiotics, resulting in a selective pressure for the
survival of resistant strains of bacteria.

In some countries and over Internet, antibiotics can

be
purchased
without
a
doctors
prescription.Patients sometimes take antibiotics
unnecessarily, to treat viral illness like common
cold.

Aim of the
project

In this project
the aim is to
investigate the
Study of
development of
drug resistance
in bacteria using
antibiotics.

Materials
BUNSEN BURNER

SOAP
PARAFILM

FORCEPS

ISOPROPANOL

COTTON
SWAB

MATCHES
BROTHCULTURES OF
S.EPIDERMIDIS

TSA PLATES
GLASS ROD

FINE TIPPED MARKING

BENT

ANTIBIOTICS

IMPREGNATED
DISCS

Procedure
It involes the following steps :
To compare how effective one effective
one antibiotic is to another, or to measure
the degree of antibiotic resistance in a
bacterium a procedure called the KirbyBauer test can be done.
To do this,

1) A pure strain of bacteria is isolated

from an infected person.
2) This pure strain is then spread over
the surface of a special medium
,called Mueller-Histon Agar ,to create
a lawn ,or carpet of bacteria.
3) Small filter paper discs ,impregnated
with standardised amounts of
antibiotics ,are gently pressed on to
the surface of the agar.
4) The plates are then incubated
overnight ,the antibiotics diffuses
from the disc and into the agar.This
antibiotics diffusing into the agar will
inhibit the growth of susceptible
bacteria.

Method
1) Clean your work area and sterilize it
with 70% isopropanol.

2) Swirl the contents of the brothculture

of S.Epidermis until it is equally
murky throughtout.Use the sterile
cotton swab and glass rod to create
a lawn ,or carpet of S.epidermis on 2
of the plates of TSA.

Dont forget to hold the cap in your pinky

and to flame the mouth of the test tube
before and after dipping the sterile swab
into it.
3) Label the bottom of petric dish with
your name ,the date be sure to write
small and only around the edges of the
bottom petri dish.
4) Use the second sterile swab to repeat
step two ,expect substitute E.coli for
S.epidermis. Also ,label this E.Coil dish.

5) Select two different antibiotics discs.

Place them on oppsite side of a petri dish
containing S.epidermis ,with the code
side facing up. T ap them gently with
sterile forceps to stick them to the agar.
6) Using the second plate ,repeat step
5 ,again using two different antibiotics
discs. You should have four different
antibiotics discs on two plates of
S.epidermidis.
7) Repeat steps 5 and 6 using the plates
of E.coli. Be sure to use the same types of
antibiotics discs as were used in steps 5
and 6.
8) Warp parafilm around all four plates
and place the plates on their lids and in
the incubator at 37C for 24 hours.

9) After 24 hours in the incubator ,check

for the presence of antibiotics activity.

Observations
Look for a clear
area ,called A ZONE
OF INHIBITION
surrounding a paper
disc.

Measure the diameter ,in millimeters of

the zone of inhibition for each of the
different antibiotics.

Result
Using the SIR
table to

determine
whether each
bacteria is
Susceptible(Sen
sitive) ,
Uneffected(Resis
tant) or
somewhere in

between
(Intermediate).
PRECAUTIONS
A microbiology lab is potentially a very
dangerous place.For this reason it is
extermely important that you follow
safety guidelines and always practice
sterile technique when handling microbes
,unless instructed otherwise.
1) There should be no books or paper at
your workstation except this lab packet.

2) Never have any food or drinks at your

workstation.
3) Never open a petri dish after you have
inoculated it and have allowed it to
incubated overnight.
4) Always dipose of used material in the
biohazer bag unless instructed otherwise.

BIBIOLGRAPHY