Abuel-wafa AR, EL-Shimy M.

Dynamic Aggregation of Induction Motor Loads for Transient Stability

Studies. Scientific Bulletin - Faculty of Engineering - Ain Shams Uni 2003 June 30;38(2):553 - 67.

AIH $HAilS I.IHIVERSTTY

Vol. lt. Nu l. Jrrc 10. lll{ll

SCIENTIFIC BULLETII{
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DYNAIIIC AGGREGATION OF II{DUCTION MOTOR

LOADSFOR TRANSIENTSTABILITY STIJI}IES
A. R. AbuEl-Wafa

M.lvl El-Shimy

ElectricalPower& MachinesDepartnent
Facultyof Engineering
Ain ShamsUniversity,Cairo,Egtrpt
Abstmct
This pape* presentsan improved technique for constnrctinge dynamic
equivalentof a power systemload consistingof inductionmotorsandgmic
lof,ds interconnectedby a network. The agFegatemodel can represent
effectivetythe dynamicand steadysulte statesof thc originalpowcf,system
sqplying the load. The techniquetakesinto considermionthe effectof the
on the aggregatemodel, also the'l'eis no
network of the load subeystem
loading
placed
of
the induction motott in the system.The
the
on
constraints
with
be
techniqueis generaland can appliedto anyindustial loadsub'system
pf,rameters
of the
high conccnfiationof infirction motor loads. Also all
andthereis neithera
systematically
dparric loadscanbedetermined
eqrrivaleut
nor applyrngany complexparamderestimation
need of any measulemsnts
of theoriginal
by comparingtherec,ponse
is
validated
The
technique
methods.
power
and the load
systm
as
both
the
agFegate
load subsysem and its
to varioustl1es of faults.
ue zubjected
zubsystem
;grfllll

ft3s.n ldsJ$tl g;-fl| d,LJitu .X*-! sr+l+ #ts. +^Ft i rJL.4i{i" dElI| Ba fr{
-'rtiE
(*L{JrLits.tl d.5jt LF+.t* r5 fSr& {'L3...rr.lcs$5*l ClL"-lJ4$r
,F,J.-!l
dtsitl
L :llS,,i -r$.ill"Yt + &+Utt ir15.fuJpl rprilt Lrgt-t rJClr rlJE-Vl dlL,-r" #
.fl-Eill .o.-3drKJF*ll i3.-s l5-;r ,rb .# + rt Y fui t.( .#lS"Jl di.sJl,oJecll*'-!t 5tt
O-

ci,-J rr-lt +ll'o ft135 .f.;illi l;eE - d*=l gi + tc4Htiil5"cJLtro tgt t4rUt ;*.f
"J.
ifuEI 6i tx .+Ftt
#+.t-l$ll d.rl drlJrij. r#fil6ri* O;U +l 3l ot*t$ .fl ,+ *ri I
fihi- diYl-,oj.J
irilg.Jl CtiJlJ (j:i=J.I d*ll el.rlturti. F 4i+J"ll l'- r..*$ .#lill
.clr**!r -flyt 4#xsjl qrJrllLrEL ; .tlilt
553

gtr:!

l. Introduction
In the analysis of powersystems,a greatdealof attentionhasbeengivento the
detailed representationof generatingunits andthe transmissionsystemwhereas
hasreoeivedsecondaryattention[1,2].The continuousneed
load repreJentation
for improvementof powrsystemstability studiesrequiresan improvementof
power system load modeling in practice and theory- The developmentof
general-purposeload model, which would be flexible enoughto be utilized for
all types ofltudies for systemplanning and operation,would be difficult indeed.
When modeling is doneon a device level, it needsmore detailedrepresenhtion
than modeling done on a oomposite basis as viewed from a supply point.
Intended application of the model and considerationof eomputationalconstaint
must govern the determinationof the model details[3, 41.
hr stability analysisnrepresentationof efftctive power demandat high voltage
buses is .t*o*tt*y' This may include the aggregateeffect of numerousload
devices [5, 6] that may be divided into two basieclasses,static androtating.The
loadsstatic tlpe
'of includes lreating and lighting equipment.The rotating type of
with
variety
of
synchronousand ittdoction motorsdriving equipment
coosiss
torque/speedcharacteristios'
In many casessimplified aggfegateload representationlike constantimpedance
ur* used alongsidethe detailed generatormodels [7]. This seemsrelatedto
three-research questionsreferred as modeljustification, struchre, determination
and identification respectively- Thesequestionsare to what extentare aoourate
load models important in power systemstability analysis,what are appropriate
mathematical sfructues to represent high voltageeffective load, andhow can
the aggregateload modelsbe determinedin practice
Generally, the specific cases where rnodelingioad dynamicsare necessaryare
having a large concentrationof
[S] study of: (ij industrial plant, (ii) an area
resonanoe,and (iv) of applying
sub-synchronous
and
*otot*, iiii) **if-"*oitation
to
stability'
an
aid
shunt-reactivepower contol devicesas
Tlre initial approach of modeling powsr systemloadswas to considerthemas
*black box"
[4, 9Jand developa hansferfunctionmodelby analyzingthe inputoutput relationships of the load duing system distur-bances'The second
approach was to consider the physical natwe of the load and develop a
mathematical model with sufficient detailsto representaccuratelythe recorded
a modelconsisting
sharacteristicsp0, I l, 12]. For the load underoonsideration,
voltage is
Recorded
was
used.
load
of induction motor wiih shunt static
powers
are
reactive
considered as an input to the model and the outputreal and
lretween
the
compared with the measuredoutput. The weighted-square-error
meaiured output and the rnodeloutput is minimizedto obtainoptimummodel

ii+

parameters.These approachesare a tlpical measurement

basedapproach[3J
with the disadvantagesof the costof acquiringand installingthe measurement
equipmentand the needto monitorall systemloadsor extrapolatefrom limited
measurements.The measurements
must alsobe repeatedas the load changesdue
to seasonal and other factors. Difficulties related to the estimationof the
parametersof the proposedmodel from the recordedload response.Difficulties
related to the proposingof accurateaggrogateload modelsthat considerall (or
most o0 fransientphenomenaof actual loads i.e. valid forall tlpes of power
system disturbances.But this approachhasthe advantagesof direct monitoring
of true loadsis obtainedwhich can be usedto produceload model parametersin
the form needed for power flow and/ortransientstability program input. Also,
Detailed asflrrate information of load data is not required,which is normally
difficult to obtain in actualpower systemloads.
Methods based on deraloping a mathematicalmodel for the actual systemand
with aggregate model, with sufficient details, to represent accurately the
responseof the actual systemovereomethe disadvantagesof the measurement
based approach.However these methods suffers from someproblems.In [la]
the motors to be aggregatedare assumedto operateat ftll load, which placesa
limitation otr the aggregationresults.Also, the inertia constantand the running
slip of the aggregatemotor selectionis basedon minimizing the error between
the tansient responseof the actual systemand its aggregnte.So that, numerous
calculations are needed for every dynamieload in the completepower system
and also thesecalculationsmustbe repeatedfor any shengein the actual$ystem
construction. In [5] the induction motorsto be aggregatedare assumedto be
contrectedto a c,ommon bus. So that the effeotof interconnectingnetwork that
exist in reality is ignored.Severaltechniquesfor representinginduction motor
load and their aggregatehave been proposed in the literature wherea brief
description of widely known techniquesis presented.The approachpresentedin
this paper overcomesthe limitation placed on the motorsload level statedin
[4J. AIso all the parametersof the aggregateload are calculatedbasedon
physical assumptionswithout the need offurther modificationofthe valueof
any of them to fit the achral system response.Moreover the effect of the
interconnecting
networkof the load subsystemis takeninto consideration.
2. ProblemFormulation
In power system stability studies,induction motors are represented
by third
order model by neglectingthe statortransientsin the fifth order model[4, ] 6,
17, 181.This model provesto be a goodcompromise
betweensimplicityand
accuraoy[9, 20J. The basic equationsrepresenting
the inductionmotorthird
order modelin dq-synchronously-rotating
referenceframecoordinatesare(refer
to the appendixfor symboldefinitions)

555

T
pEq=-smoE4 -;IEs

-{x5' -J('Jidl

ff)

r4

pEd.= sooEn-*;tnt+(J(o -]t' ),sl Gl

llIps - Pr

(E';ia + E'ni6) f 3J

lr-lrere:,n =#t +{v4 - E4)+x'(vq- E'.JI Ht

iE =4 t &tvq - Eq)- tt'(va - Ea)I (5]
zt =4+x'2
g1.o:.Er*.y_

(6),To=-xo* F)
@o&
(E), XE*.Y,+f,_

r*{,x' - x-' *

ff* +ff,

(w)

The motor parametersare defined in the steadystateeqlrivalent'cirouitin Fig. I.

The third order dynamic model of induction motor can be representedby an emf
behindthe ffansient impedanoe,as shownon the equivalentcircuit of Fig. 2.
The load subsystemto be aggregatedis consideredto be connectedto the rest of
the systemby a bus calted the "interface bus" or "responsebus". It is assumedto
take the form of an arbitraqr system with induction motors and static loads
distributed within it and interconnectedby a network as shownin Fig. 3. The
proposed aggregatemodel of the load subsystemconsistsof four compolents:a
siogt* induction motof ag$egate that representsthe induction motorsin the load
subsystem,a single constantadmittanceto groundto representthe static loadsin
the system, a hansformer in series with the aggregate motor to connectthis
motor to the high bus "interface bus" of the rest Of the system,anda short line
model that representsthe interconnectionsin the load subsystem.Thesefour
componentsoanbe interconnectedas shownin Fig' 4 and Fig. 5.
3. Load Aggregation
3.1 Staticload aggregwtion
The static loads in the load subsystemare aggregatedas the sumof individual
componentsG*,B* reFresentingadmittanceto ground of individual static load, as

(il)'n=#,ur:H"+
(n)
":-t-F:*fr,,-+
M

p,

556

The voltage F* catr be obtained from base-caseload flow with all motors
representedby constant PQ loads. For approximate calculationwithout
sacrificingaocurcyF**cflrlbe takenas I p.u.
3.2 Inducfion motor and netnmrhagregate
To obtain an induction motor and network aggregate the load subsystemis
consideredwith all static loads calculatedseparatelyby (l l) and(12).All the
parameters of other componentsareexpressedin a commonbase(the aggregate
motor base). The parameters of eachinduction motor in the load subsystemin
individual machinebasewill be required.The proposedaggregatemodelwill be
obtainedin the following steps.
Step l: write down the bus admittancematrix I/s* representingall thebusesin
the load subsystem.This marix will takethe form

r*r
[;:]=i;:l;H:l
Step 2: the induction motors in the loadsubsystemare representedby constant
emf behind hansient impedance each as shown in Fig. 2 (the third order
dynamic model). TheseEansientimpedancesincludesthe tansformer reactanoe
in serieswith individual motor, if any, are usedto modiff the diagonalof Ir* to
obtain the modified f mthat representsthe interfacebus and the internalnode
This modifiedmatrix takesthe form
of eachmotor in the load subsvstem.

[-4
l=lY-* I"j,I ,rn,
[f'|?l LYt|fY,,""IE*J
In (14) it is assumedthat thereis at leastone inductionmotor connectedto each
bus in the load subsystem.It is clearthatbuseswith no inductionmotorloads
will not be modifiedin the modifiedadmittancemafrix.
Sten 3: the aggregatemotor hansient impedanceand the ag$egatenetwork
impedanceare calculatedas the inputimpedanceof the loadsubsystem
at the
interface bus with all static loads in the load subsystemneglected.The input
admittance of the load subsystemat the interfacebus is obtainedby reducing
(14) by matrix form Kron eliminationmethod,as
(rs)
!f;,v J - {lPwI - [Yml[!^* I-' tY*]
Then the input impedance of the load subsystemat the interface bus takes the

form
4 +lX. = [Ynl-'

( 16)

The input impedanceR,+jX" includesthetransientimpedanceof the aggregate

induction motor the aggregatetransformerand the networkaggregate.
[n the

557

will be calculatedwith the load

following the aggregatemotorparameters
areneglected.
interoonnections
subsystem
inductionmotor
If andtheloading7 of theaggregate
Sfep4: theinertiaconstant
method
such
that
average
aggregation
using
weighted
calculatsd
are
[23J,
p =f,o ,n 1

(tT ), f=.k- ,r ,

j-I

( Jsl

J-t

Where:q is the weightingcoeffioientwhich is definedas the relativekVArating

of individual motors to the kVA rating of the aggregatemotor.

oj=y
$e), kvAj=*ii- gtt Go)
rli cos
E,kvAi
j-r

StgLS: the rest of the aggregateinduction motor parametersare oalculatedusing

weighted aveftrge admittance method. Such that the stator impedance,the
magnetizingreactance,and the rotor impedanoeare calculatedas

(il)'J-=fl+ ft,)
E+,+-,2-,4+,*u
?ffi

f:,(Rr/s,t)+irtt

In calculatingthe rotor impedancethe running slip of individualmotor^So;is

requiredthat can be calculatedfrom

r,=i,"#-uv

( 24)

Using the steady state equivalentcircuit ofinduction motorby neglectingthe

stator resistanceand combining the stator and the rotor leakagereactancesto be
& after shifting the magnetizingbranchto the motor terminals' In equation(24)
the steady state individual motor statorvolta5e V*t can be obtainedfrom basecaseload flow.
Slep_6: in order to sepafateR. and& of the aggregateinduction motor obtained
to* 1Zl1 it is assumedthat the critical slip $- (slip at peak value of the
induction motor torque/slip characteristics) of the aggregatemotor is the mean
value of the critical slips of individual motors. This assumptionwith the
parameterscalculated above ensures that the steadystateperfofmanceand the
stableoperating raflge of the aggregaternotor tobetheaverageofindividual
motors(asshownin Fig. 14 for the load subsystemof Fig. 7). Therefore

558

.9", - f,o1,fo4
j=I

(?f). then 4

=",itq
j=I nl

(26)

The transient reactance.t' of the aggregatemotor can thenbe calculatedusing

(10).
SteDf: the aggregateline parametersfi"+ix. can be calculatedfrom
& +Jffc'R.+iX. - (Ftr+ft"+,rr]

P7)

to be 9olo[2ll on
With xr is the aggrepte tansformerreactanceand is assrrmod
the aggregatemotor base.
4. Validstion by transient simulation
In order to validate the proposedtechniquevarious 5'pes of ftults and study of
stability (slmchronous, voltage and load) are conductedon thc IEEE nine-bus
'system. The systemconsistsof 9 buses,6 lines, 3 generatorsand3 load busesas
shown in Fig. 6. The systemdatacanbe found in [22]. A70n/oof loadB at bus 5
is considered to be the induction motor subsystem [4], consisting of 5
interconnectedinduction motors as shown in Fig. 7. TransformersTl-T5 are
assumedto havereactancego/oon the appropriatemachinerating.Transformers
TA TB are assumedto havereactance9ploon 20 MVA base.Lines Ll-L4 have
resistance0.001p.q reactanceof 0.0055p.u, andchargingadmittanceof 0.0008
p.u and line L5 twice these values, all on 100 MVA base. The standard
specifications of thesemotorsandparametersbasedon individual maohinebase
are shown in Table I and Table2 respectively.Table 3 showsthecorresponding
parametersof the aggregateload subsystem.
1,I Transformer switching
In this disturbance while tansformer TA havetapping of I l0% and TB have
tapping of 100% kansforurer TB is disconnectedsuddeuly resulting in step
change in the voltage of bus l0 (the interfacebus). This busvoltagechangeand
the power angleresponseS of generatorsG2 and G3 relative to Gl in the system
with actual dynamic load are comparedwith that obtainedwith aggregatedload
as shown in Fig. I through 13. AIso correlation factors[24] betweenactual
system responseand its aggregateare shownin table 4. Both synchronousand
voltage stability of the systemarepreservedas obviousfrom responsecurves.
The oomparison of response curvesand conelation factorsshowsan adequate
match betweenthe actual systemand its aggregatefor smallvoltagechange
disturbance.The responses
of themotorsin the actualsystemandthe aggregate
motorareshownin Fig. l5 and16,which insureloadstability.
4.2 Remotelaalt
In this disturbancea three-phasefault is applied at busI andclearedafter 5
cycles (0.1 sec) by removingline 8-9.Fig. 17through22 showsacomparison

5 s9

between the interfacebusvoltageand generatorspower angleresponse,relative

to Gl, with actual load and with the aggregateload. Also correlation factors
befitreenactual system respoffie and its agglegate are shown in table 4. The
system.with aggregateload responsesucoessfullyjudges on both synchronous
and voltageinstability g"ing the sameil$wers as the actualsystemrespoffito
large disturbances.The responsesof the motors in the astual systemand the
aggregatemotor are shovrmin Fig. 23,24 oonfirming toad instability.
5. Conclueion
The proposed teohnique proves its adequacy of aggregatingdynamic loads in
differenf types of transient simulations that covers the areas of fransient
(hansient and voltage stsbilM studies.By applying this aggregationtechnique'
u"ty large scale power systems oan be simulated in tansient and rroltagp
stability itrdi** with the dynamical effects ofpower systemloads considered,
andwith leastnumberof differential equationsto be solved' The developed aggregntemodel can be applied to any scaleof power system
dynamic loads with atl parameters caloulatedbasedon few information about
the actual load subsystom,and without simulating in adrmncethe transient
responseof the load subsystem.Also the aggregatemotor model can represnt
adequatelythe steadystatebehaviorof the load subsystem'
6. References
..po\iler system Dynamios: stability and control*, John
K.R. Padiyar,
tu
Wiley & Sons(Asia) Pte Lt{ 1996
Sabir, b.C. Lee, "DJnarnic Load Models from Data Ac4uired
l2l
- - S.A.i'.
during SystemTransients",PAS-101,No" 9, Sept1982
for power System
t3l F. John; Kwang. Y,'lmproved Dynamic Load Modpls
StabilityStudies",IEEE,PAS-lol' No' 9, Sept.1982
McGraw Hill,Inc.
t4l P. Kundur, "Powtr system stability and controf"
1994
on power
t5l IEEE Task Force, "standard Load Models", IEEE trans.
1995
systems,Vol. 10,No. 3, Aug.
for Power Flow and
t6l lbne r"* Force, "Bibliography on Load Models
power
Systems'VolDynamio PerformanCeSimulation", IEEE TranS.on
10,No.l,Feb- 1995
'ofhe Effect of Load Models onUnstablelow-Frequency
t?l Wen-Shiow,
Damping in Taipower system Experience w/wo Power System
Stabijizers',IEEE trans.on powersystems,Vol' 16,No' 3, Feb' 2001
andData Assemblyfor
tSl J.M. Undriit, t.F. Laskowski, "Model Selection
PowerSystemSimulation",IEEE,PAS-IOI,No' 9, Sept-1982
Modeling oJLoads in Stability
tgl trvlauriceH. KenL Francis A., "Dynamic
5,
May
1969
Studies",IEEE,PAS-88'No.
560

[0]
[11]
U2]

U3l
tl4l
[l5]
[16]
[l7]
[l8]
[l9]
[20]

[2U
I22l
I23I
I24l

LA, Hiskens,
J.V. Milanovic,"LoadModelingin Studiesof PowerSystem
Damping",IEEE,P.S.,Vol. 10,No. 4, Nov. 1995
Daniel Karisson,David J., "Modeling and Identificationof Nonlinear
DynamicLoadsin PowerSystems",IEEE,P.S.,Vol. 9, No. l, Feb.1994
Wen-Shiow, Chia-Jen, "Comparison of Simulated Power System
Dynamics Applying Various LoadModelswith Actual Recordeddarta",
IEEE,P.S.,Vol.9, No. I, Feb.lg94
William W. , et al, "Load Modeling for Power Flow and Transient
StabilityComputerStudies",IEEE trans.on powersystems,Vol. 3, No. l,
Feb.1988
GrahamJ., et al, "An Aggtregate
Motor Model for lndushial plants", pAS103,No.4,April 1984
FarhadNozari,M. David,"Aggregationof InductionMotors for Transient
StabilityLoadModeling",IEEE,P.S.,PWRS-2,No.4, Nov. l9g7
"Analysis of Electric machinery", McGraw-Hill Book
Paul c. K-rarISe,
Comp.,1986
Jan Mach., W. Januszand R. James:'?ower System Dynamics and
Stability",JohnWiley & SonsLtd., lgg7
A. Borghetti,R. caldon, "on Dynamictoad Models for voltage stability
Studies",IEEE trans.on powersystems,Vol. 12,No. l, Feb. lg97
Tordorn Thiringer, "comparison of Reduced-orderDynamic Modelsof
InductionMachines",IEEE,P.S.,Vol. 16,No. I, Feb.2001
o. wasynczuk,Y. M. Diao, andP. c. Krause,"Theory and comparisonof
Reduced-orderModels of InductionMachines",IEEE, pAS-104,lvlarch,
1985
John J. Graimger, willa.n D. stevenson,"power system furalyisi",
McGmw-Hill Book Company,lg94
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Galgotiapublications,I 98I
v. A. venikov, " Transientphenomenain electricar power systems",
press,1965
Pergamon
JohnH. Mathews,"Numericalmethods",prenticeHall, 1992
: Motor standard

Strndrrd
snecificrtions

I/, (kv)
Powcr (kW)

,t (/.1
cos 6 P/ol
^Tn(%)

Polcs
Incrtie (kg. m')

Slqrtlng currEnt (AJ__

Torqilc rutio (ry'ftr)

Table 2: Motor

Grurp I
Illt, M3. M4

Croup 2
M2.M5

J
I 194
9I.3J
9{f

4t78
96.25
9t

t0l

0.fi3
6
78

r520

136(r

0.82

t.t0

1,79

Perrmeteffi
H(*cl

R,
.R,

X,
X.

x*
x

s..
f

Grnup I
Ml.M3.M.r
I.5(t5
0.019.16
0-00973
0.09588
0.09588

2.385

Grurpl
M2, lrfs
0.438
0.filEE9
0.03t61

0.{x}842
0.09842
2.214

0-r8fo

0.8269

0.0182

0.m698

0.8

All in p.u on individual motor ha$s

_561

{1,7

motorbrse
p.rroo rgg.rEgat
nBsponsc

Tnble4:

Liet

goundin p'u'
E-- st*ic toaas"scPtanceto

emf recforin p'u'

E'n Mc*ortransient
ofthe trunsientemf in
cotponent
i;
Q'axis
P,u.
E' r b-axis conponentsf thetransientemf in
P.u.
'St"ti"
to groundin p'u'
loaaconductance
G
H Inertraconstarrtm sec'
In Mc*or statorcurrsrt v(tor ifl p'u
D-axiscomponentof statorcurrentin
i;
P.u.
in
Q-axismrponeut of statorcunent
P.u.
'ftrjected
currurt stthe hterhce bus in

ir
h

P.u.
SubscriPtof inductionm(*orl'
SoUsc.iPtof stdic loadbusk'
Tc*al numberof ststic losd busesin the
actualloadsubsldem'
a Tmal numberof mc*ors.
Pr. Meshanical
Powerin P.u,
P, Sutic loadbusactivePowerIn p'u'
i
*
M

p
Q,
R"
R.
rR"
R.

Timederir,atrwoPerutor'
Staticloadbus reactivePo\ilerm p'u'
in P.u.
Statorresistance
in P'u.
Rotorresistance
RealPanof fao'
in p'u'
line resistance
Aggregate

so

s"

O.C.transienttime constafltin sec.

Mctor critical sliP.
Opetatingslip.

vn

Mctor prefruh statorvohagein p.u.

V5

xo

.r

Irrterficebus.roltagein P.u'
Statorreactancein P.u.
Transierrtreadarrcein P'u'
Rctor reactancein P'u'

x,

Magpetizisgreadanccin P'u.

Xr

Transfsnnrreactancin P'u'

X,

in P'u. .
Tcilalleakagereastatrce
$t*or leakagereacancein P'u.
Rctor leakagereactaflcrn P'u'

x.

x,
X.

x,
&
Yry

z
7
6

n
E

P
lhto

.f

lmaginaryPartof fa'r.
Ag$egateline induaancein P.u.
ThJ input admifianceof the load
in P.u'
subsystem
in P.u.
Transimtimpedance
Mdor loadingin P.u'
Generatorrctor angle.
M*or full loadefficiencY'
Theweightingcoefficiertt.
Mator full loadpowerhctor angle.
srmchronoussoeedin rad/sec
Rs

Fig. l: Steady stetc equivtleflt circuit

of induction motot

562

.s'

Fig. 2: Eqrrrvtlent circui[ of the thir#

ordat induction motc'r rnorhl

Fig.5: Aggrcgate plarrt rquivdont circuit

Fig, 3: Sy6tem r:cptesentation

Irt+tfacc
buc

Eqrrrvelent
line
StatiEload
Aggregate

F-@
IM aggregate

Fig.4: Plert aggregat+rtrodel

Fig.6: IFFF I'line bu$ study systdrh

s6 3

rJ
TB
Ig

Fig.7:Motot subrYetem

ris,8: Trtnefurner evitcldng' Achrd syetom

Fis.9: Trarrdffitu ewitching' Aggr?gtts ryetattt

Ioltdact bus votltge

Irrtctftct buc vultege

ss
o

o.o

g.t

0'r

0.6

0.6

l'0

ll

tr

r.6

l.d

t.0

o$

04

lra

Time (eec)

0s

{rE 1.0 l"E

Tifle (soq)

r.4

1.6

l.t

a0

syet+m
Aggregatc
Fig.I I :Tranrfornn
rurHrq

30.0_

so-o

e9,0_
er.0ft ar.o

19,O.

et.o.

f,*"F aro
{
d

e7.0.

.6

26.0.

fl

e:t0,
24.0

em.
t

a3.0.

E$.o

eas.

13.0

4r.0,

al,0
2d.0

e0.0
0.0

0-e

0d

0.6

0-6

1,0

l-t

l''

t.6

t!

e.0

Tirte (occ)

s64

0.o

02

o.r

0.6 0.8 1.0 It

Tirnt (tec)

1.4

r.6

1.8 eo

25.0
24.0
23.0

Fig. l?; Trtnsfomar switching - Actud systern

delh3l

Irrg, l3; Ttmsformer switching - Aggfegde syrtarh

delta3l

&n.s

25.[
?4.0.
?30
a ?2,0.

E ?0.0
g l9I]

n
d

?1.0

Yrno.

E rs.o

lon_

# 180t ?0 -

17.0
16.0
l5$

ld.0_
0.0

0,1

0-r

0.6

0.a

t-0

1.?

Time (cec)

Fig. 14:Corpanson of opetating tcgions urd

Torque/Speed chuateristicr

Slip

Fig | 5 : Aft6t

&rd rggr.gM
nori,r.
to E@fd4rr
ffiikhin6

Ftr;l+F

qp.rd
fcuft

Fit,16;
rcsFohd.

Acrurl

qd nggsBqta &!ors
ta k|Efofifi
t|*hinE

H.lu!
,ttponr.
feutt

s4()
91cl
88.o

s'g.51
99.O1
ea.sJ
88,51|

'.o1
t-o
; ol l

97.O
96-O
g5.o

ee.old

-----l

e75-ll
ca.s.{l
s80{4
87.511

9 4 .' Oo , {
91 o
0 l

e 8',f,
,o I
45.(l
.(t-t
q ? .^oJ

.ol
e aoo l
4 6 Co
J 1
:34.O
.ol
9 7 . .c'1
+
c_.a}.O

H.lll-*-,'-----------_-.l
G;ll
ss.sJ l

#;14
sz sJ|

--_--1

.a-,
l

0 0 0,2 0.4 tj.6 0.8 LO 1 . ? r 4 1 . E r a 2 o

Tifte

q l i -5 .l
'
94. a_,
-rZ
*5 l
ql o
o -1
._{4.o
O -j

(r+c)

r l o Jel-lo
o- l
.r-l

l:i5..J -

r l r l r i . ' o . 4 0 6 t : l . EI o I : t 1 4 1 6 1 . H
?rl
Tar+ (=cEt

565

Fig. l7:Reflrots fsult- Actxtl $ystailt

Intetfacc bus voltage

120.0
1t8.0
96,0
84.0
720
bo
60.8
o
s 48.0
36.0
24.8

r2.0
0.0

Fig. l8:Remotc feult- AEErEgf,tdsyBt+fi

Interface bus volttgt

120.0
108.0
96.8
g 84.0
F. 72.0
g 600
g 48.CI
36.0
240
12.0
0.8

0 " 00 2 0 . 40 . 60 . 81 . 01 2 1 . 41 ' 61 . 82 ' 0

Tinre(soc)

Titr* (eoc)

Fig. X): Remotefarrlt - AgEregf,te rystsm

Frg.l9:Rcnot+farh- ActualeYstea

ffi.0
s442,0
7flt4.0
m 6686.0

dcltr ?l

delta 2l

9?80n
83520
7424.0
.6 646.0
g JJ68.o
fi 4641.0

$ ssn.o
F 4ffi.0
{= rzsz.u

-s 3712.0

E rn+.o

2814.0
1876.0

1856.0
928.0
0.0
0 . 0 0 . 20 . 1 0 . 6 8 . 8 1 . 0 1 . 2 1 . 4 1 . 6 1 ' 8 2 . 0

s38.8
0.0
0.00.20.10.60.8 1.01 . 21 . 41 . 81 . 82 . 0

Tirtte(eoc)

Tine (sec)

Fig.22:Remoteftrrlt - Aggregatesyatam

Fig. ?l:Remott frult- Actuel sYsttm

delta 3l

rl+lta3l
JbIU.U

4140.0
3728.0
3312.0
ft ?89t].0

3249.0
2888.0
ft ?5?70

s 2r6d.0

S zml.o

I tmro
E 1444.0
rses.o

f; 2U70.0

i rese.n
'r

1?42.0
82S.0
414,0
0.8
0 . 00 . ? 0 . 40 . 80 B 1 . 8I ? 1 . 41 . 61 . 8? ' 0
Tinrc (;tc)

s66

72X.O
361.9

0.0

l.o t.r 1'41.61.8?o

o.E-oE4 oE-o:B
Tirtt+(sec)

roo o-l

FlE. J3: AcluEl snrl fiEgfegat frotor6

recporrEes to rarhOte fAult

dFegil

Fig.24:
r 2l].Lf

s4 o]
E

'

torq,rq

96-O

sf a, a . ol J

F'

72.O

a
ts 4 S . O
bt

F *rol
1
76.01

24.Q

70.oJ

o.o

r ro,o I

1S.O

88ol

1UO.O

6{5o]

go.o

44 o]

60.o

2?O]

30.o

-l

o.o J
l lo.o
]
F4_O {

o.o
teo.o
96.O

* o ll

7?.Q

Be.o
I
76.0-l
700J

48.O
z4.o

o.o

loo.o]

.t50.o

s4.o1

120.O

o"J

90.o

82.o]

60.o

?5.O]

30.o

7f..oJ
110.o]

""

Actuol
md ag5rr+grtq motorE
rcsFonBed tq rnoto fdult

o.o
IOO.O

o]

ao.

*"1

50,0

44.o1

40

ez.o-l

eo.o

o.oJ
roo.o-l
1
s7.o1

o.o
zmo
lo.o

-t

*"]

120.o

q10.1

Elo.o
aa.o
40.f,r

a5.o
z,o
Tisc

o.o

3.o

2.O
3.O
Timr i*ec)

(ric)

567

4.C'

SCIENTIFIC BULLETIN
Rcxdudn
:2iVEll002
\rol. J8. l(c. 1. Junc 30. ?003

.\tN sHAl\ts tlNlvEllslTl'

tri

np. :569-58t

#ll 6JtJl cf C*iJl dE .,l d"5Jl , itnr {3J

ti.dl.*i d.j..' r.",i ..r.1

. i, r;i'.
JJ dt*!t
$3 al+iyl,,.u {il.tltj EJriI {r. e.i ru\* tJL # :l+6. .t
4+l#"lt dl*!l
cr r+lt-r *i:;LI o.rag chtdlt
;$lt f4-fi 4;'f:-l ciUi"tt
"+
i i+ri 4+ xsll
. !l .}.e .sl.-^tl ets1-rElt -b }E . ,.1.l+j lJ i,Jt+jl|J
"j{
"tJi.E J e.il}Jlr'..,;'riJl
,,r e.tl 6. L{Lr Arcli.-ll rii.ll ,-1"1.5
iJ r:J9 ..rs;.1.,.i,.i..r
;l+Jli[ ,-.l+-$ ..Jd-!l ,.,F,k J +"I
.a4ttrr;.;r,ilt tuli5 frrJ A+$ 4....J*$LJil-I
,r "rp
oi,al 4+i3I drt5+.r,Jr J LrtiJti rry gl.Jl c,t!r-) .rl5+.rXl* ir-liS
dE

.(+u-n
.4,,..J{5ll
LJiirJl e53 rilc,L;

il^-"r-ttf=E tl ; r:itr u|bir,J A+lsl!

iil.tjl dri3^J !-.J s{ irfsJl rl*.:,i3Jl-. tnll ,:r.,rl ,JE,r+.g*lJ
,,,fA-...1,{5I

C,

..*i r-;J6[tf;-l,J*!l #;tt+

{-rc,ll.^ll eit-l*tt

*ir;E d
l*E^tl iill,Jr eJt l| ..Cg.fl g:g
"r+ J
itl*l
D,5: dl"l .dlJF.i,4ll-pLi ,l:r,*, lcj=,iryl r+t"i":{ Cr, 4:..JJiStll
l-.i El-llyl ,:,1.u35l ,:l,ii.l ,# (fdl.Jl) EJ.6I ,rt
ld- in l .{..jFll
CI e-jj.r'
',,f;rrll d.*itYl *.f i.rl.A
F A*=t .r{ ,p.J,J
'r.f
L-J.-ti"
eLi:.
J)
iF,fuS. ,*.cti- #+- ill= ,./ :i rrt! eff #.yf e*irill .t
#,---Et| ilt* d aI..".^r.Et{(lt-.^-1#l di}iJl (il*it" Etr{ E_r=:.rl. ir. furs- iLii.
.(.rtS,ral .*ts:iiJl j1-l Arrs) H+-X 4ir.lld.ll fuJt4rJl i;*i!l; ?"A' g5l-j
4.rl,scyl
(1)
dJi-E

rn=1P,,*,6.,
.il .r.*t p-r

"I :.,8_
6,

.f+"X i,$*ryla-paX.rr'; ilai.tt [Ji6 cllji.fl d.Ll\1=;p6,EJ.! e r lt d-E I 1;$I

."Jr- $E
$t e.i
,,
L
P,tP**<1*,
j-l
(T)

569

. '*rt,!ia'3,#i .l;aU.-I &l$"ll ola uu+ _J+t t*tr.l i r.rillLr,irii.:.t;

,l--it
.rt t'<,l+tJd6 ureii JE-,'lc dfi.n (ns6J3.il) .:rl.ir.tt :l'gJ j.e$
aU d.*,
a;-r-rl itl-i F 6"3,-.l,tel rl fu*rlrr$;ttii ?o" t#+g uali iF e+.i,'3!| clE
:6+iJll r=li*s
P^o = P-*- I

(r)
,,. ' 't Ol .r+ .rr+ti*S
44-I el;rt*tl c& t+lJi.EAI^ +i3.i.3;,JI eIAJ 4p
''J.$
ir.-..,*r'Pmr" e#* allSl 4J*t*U gt3i)l crlr*:
x;it Jl 4+ ii.l5"yl .31 ,.sr.
.n,
,'u.*
,rll grt+*Yl L.il| ,Jtr c.rlii.ll dbr-b lJtL .r.e;s.g:g .a;rf" tLt" (rSq)
:r$s e.+-tt e-j*iJl E-.d, r ltl y iLi,iJl.yr. i;l.e,

y,=ty,
l'l

(r)
t {*iil 44*ll e;t i e+-1 drr+' 'z' crl;i.$ i.ur 'Pra,*1i*[i.oll t:sl

e.jj

r-r. rrJ.l

.#.i
:ci{xrll (++"t ++ J) t;r*

+b n+

t1= Y(P,)
(")
:d.r.tt

Pd{ s PJ 3 P,*,,.,,.,...j =1,72

(1)
: J".;i,ll dFrS$

Y'(P'*)=o'"""'i = l'a
(v)
.p&d/v.erF
4rlalt l.E-'J f .,l,"ull l4'1
e- "laJJtr'*f+ l+li*l|
63,* sJ.f,,#lrl
'p*i
.,;S,raii
, i'yr(P.l'f--ti*Jl lrJ-- .'oj."ill :cL<r:t 'P,*i
,i"thi"l
d
.-iL fu!"; il.-3" iJ:t i l+.r,..JS
r,:J*"rJ li.r rJ** ,r! rl*il.r gSa +d T! ." r."S3"OJS3
:E*FX,.C Wdpt'V rl.#t CL.atstt,'hfll* i.tI*S _j+rel eu d_r*
t*Jf,
"l

570

= t,n
LI,u,,
E^,I........j
c"+-lj +Jt=Jl iJt^"irr erd-r iylp*)-6,

all r..*lts. eJ_ir Lxg

r(dLrll . Ur,) i;oi$

yr(pr,
pr,.....,
p,,.....,
p, = ,
) f r(+)
j'l

(^)

{Jrrir

FJk

LLill
6.-e' a-,;Lrc

e rriU d.!r

T p - -o

L'J

g iOt .rtr.r.
) ir"51r3 d*n e+*s,
;folrix -L-r-r.i\ (A) tHll-ryt aj-.iJl

tlffitt

(1)

(' r' )
r-il"j'

P,q t 4 5 P*t,........i- l,n

\ r\+"
$*! rrE"Jr6rrilr.tr !t e.iJ., +n* u=s,o (r .) +$n-r,orr
ir-*
tel-pY {fu;t
-tJJ"f.I
atr+i..t"l+l= CF_.-r

0 =Yt+ AF
( 11 )

( rY )

F = 4 + 4 + . . . . . +I ' * p ^ u

r.grl-nJ d"l* - i, +p

LJI.*J

l"JJ.i. J+Jl
dE*iI E. ,$.llq,r,l i$L-ll r .JG.I f+E'31.J . ,r_r-^o
i,
e:'"+l4+*ilti"d 4bl"*U++l r't+lliff elrt*r AJIodJ.diJl
qFrlj.d
cF+
grt_FJ
:;iJLr

#=#.^ffi=o
E=#.^fi=o
#=#.^ff=o

f f = f f +=r o
57r

crlJg.3"ll

(\r)
'fj

'o-;t*;-tr.p

*lJgttutl ir 4ll

"i

"Jt

r.i*J F J 'd ,JJrll # tii rrls rr OISlJ

'.f, 'Je 'lr'-t Y

ar.-4'"1
fu, - .\"'""''
aF=-r*"-'6
=g
n.......98
of,'
oPt
(l f) clYiJ

e+-i

9 9= 9 . L a 1 = g

ant an

f f i - E Y t+ 1 = o '
0P, dP,

?9 =.%+,i.=o
aP^ aP^
9 9 =F = o
(1r)
#;l
=l,n
%=-l*.......,j
oft
fP, = Po,o
l'r

(r o)
utFr.r'ff

'o.,;l-"iJ,#"-tll
d&.ll iro iJ+o'+/tri )is,"J
.j"*.J t+..r dljl.t ll
.c,tr.4lS

ej;l.r-"-,J*+ + tC:t+etj,al c,i.l,i"lt.,JciJlJt g$,f*U HiSS fiJlJi.r

.
gt:3flcrl.rrs r+tte4..f.$ *.rnl
lFi.tt iF dr*tl * (rsh:-ll drt.:t"X)
"E
'4
'.Ji.
'4
.(d".Jl ,

l*" ;el 4l;1tu'cJ$iilul"ii ' t'-$ qfdl

| +l+"Yl
Lt = P"*t - P1'"""''i =l'n

JH6"ll rr{

( 11 )
" 4' ..t' lJl.t5ij."sJl iJe -t+*J

y = 4ll,\.._-..,j=r,n
(1v)

57i

" dyy'd$'i-+JlVl l.dn[uir'yj(a)^

e++Jt Latpil,{I cl-lr. ytp)=0 tal=.rrrcr}r._

:i.tl*tt Ll* .,rJt-ll
e_..*,J" 4. eirrcl .t'J Al*1.
:ilrl*ll Lr6.+J ,t+

r, =frrhr)
(rn)
r4+llill.t r+ilt+

to, =o,
(rl )
( Y. )

o 5 A/ _<tl",,.......,,i
= 1,a

i"'Jr

L, =f p** - p,,*,,
j'l

(Yr)
tf=p*,-p,*
( YY )
(t o) L +fuI {BL.
dvi

cryrt * LJLL
iF d=Jl .J, +*:

=
=l'tr
ioi F'""""'i

tA, =o"
(Yr)
t.,,rltJl r.hJ
rle -.reJ,F =_rt .,!_
=
f
A!,Ai,....,,4,Fo

( Yr )
'L-

G--r. cJ+--**tf i $,i-r-! (y.) aJLltult .'ilt .4r

r.,K,:.tu;f (f t1 .1'1
,j
r-+;ll l/t- r-+ u+L+ r.rr-.,r1 Ui .41*!f ifL

((1)
e;+*,_,ur)
*"iI lK,[,'J#,#r
Ai>A,;*,........,rsk.=n

573

:J'!t i'tt'tt (i)

ora,rF.((t) C; dS^tt[(t) rir,rl-.i.JD .rJrlt Ur* C.''c,ilj'dr- cl-I an$Ol.,rl

:61;t4rt .,.+ IJL=ll
A? = A'fl'
dr = Ar -A'flt

:.oJr,iIL"rii,.,",Jt tt r*J Ej-L-r

I,k+1,,....,n1,rlttt r.1r(n) A*
$ =t,2,.....,tt:,nJEitt
1JS*l|,:YrL^ll LJ,EI. SihJ
dv,
-l,k+ 1,""',n
j = 1,2*....,k
# = F,.......',
dat

fo, =o,
I:l
(t o)
:LsEi"Jl .ia rJ- d,F .,;+ilJ
A - A t r A z r . . . . . r A * - , r A * * r r , , . , , rFd'n ,

. p rJ*tiill st*:

.rl.;LliF C+ i;tl :P'<F Ai cp+'i dlhl .?"fl

1,1dinJ gfu

:ii
\

- l,& + 1,.....,n
= 1r2,.....,,t
< K1u,,.,..,ri

'e+ fi*fr) ,7 .J'F+JL.r

io, * tai
lt:r

i;:r

( Y\ )
:(I1) -rt-rt stf,Xe E.r+-,-J'

fl$i.ll Ui,liilld" dfu +ii Y!

,J.r-tt

+..

tti'r

tii',

-,-r
Ed, = dr = Ar-A';* > A, -Ai = IAi

:o,l

Ea,'Eai
li

l-io

/;ii

.'F'ZF glj g;** *'F,<F,J-J,rl

r';EF,_".1
'/ft'
'6J,a
,JSirl *H g5.l U*U!t lio ,,Ie
nS.+ ,Je$ 6ra
;gd^il 4i \'i L$o

-r+-" :l .?

,til

1"i, J{.ii d;at+*ll ,-r" Ji s+ IJL*I d* l*-:'/*"*

574

,t'!t

.r=tt

,p +.;6
Lj-Jii3 .ill .ai*:. .)s.!s
i;r6.lte.il ,jkjJt
ejpr ;lib,rXt
ir, Tpp"JinjiJl+
:fuj$ a{}''ll disr eJ"rill,Jbirl.IcU dt .pru+,J*!t
kr-*
t(A,f)= yr(ti*)< p,,
EJ|+Jlrjl (,-i
-.+ri-

Al < 0,........,1
sl s n
(r) C; *b:Jl) 'yr@f iJl+ # is- tia .*+!f .r*l iF,.FI '4. ,J_l US
OlUi
:,j ,tprt u+J 4Jt5Jt..iA
d.(l) i-r,S.Ur

A?"=o

(t=1,2,.....,t-t,t*t,.....,n)
c,ki"tt ,r. (n) ,.*'dj rliX u.ii,
ei,,sr
:,oJtiltj6glt dryir.rlli .tl Lb.r
dv,

#uaJ

= F.".....,
+1,.....,n
i = 1,2,----.,1-1,/

=4,
ia,
tt;l
(YV)
:L"9Jii.ll

d =ai'A?"""
''o''-"oi"','illfl

ora dr LJtr _t+*.lj

,*, cra.,i.6LnI
rrs^r
;C.rilSLJ
s

IA', =Ar''""'A:<0
l'l

:i'tti
s
Idi

> A'

i-r
t.t

:.L_;*Jl(yy) LJ$*I

;1;E=ie cr_jq

grl

iA, =a,
l;l
\r-i,Jl

,jFi=+ \'=t,2,.....J-I,t+1,..,..,n
t--+.rt ,.;l,y,t(Al, r,Jt.r$:l;ttu".*"q

P' = yr(Ni)>l,(ti,)= p'

575

;uJi +leg o AojrArl"

di r,i:^il rtl LJt e+ 6*t .JSOI crti{ Oful d"l*!l lin ,rlc'
,,.ir Y ,"J crhilJ- dlllt 1++31
.? JJJs"Jll-Ji ,J-Jf,3.!al+"ll ,t ,$ s-+ illdl d=
;qll:ll "tj.;ill di=s (t+JL*i . il*'. Y) tCJAt uair

l-rr,3 riJ

fu_rL*'/i

i,$lz B*
v;(AT)=
JE|j.lI J+d8"I "FeD drF
'o
dJ.4"Jl + {,JJtaJl (Jr OJ* rrtr r*+J .l+al+.ll ::c, Ai (.JEa/ (,J.i ,dll5,J=
:cHl lra rJc *rr*r.-l (\ . ) ,$-J 1;lr$ Ll*X
."Jfilt L,j"iil.,Claillg-jp

,Je

P =X ',# ,...,.,AT;Fw
:,-.r-FAi c,I.i:"lt"ui"*rleS"J#Wl t.lrjl ,J

=o
y,(a:")>
F*....-aT
:;riTl +"+X O-'ti.Js

=df;
v;br)sF*,......nT'
;ii),ll i'" ((\ . )-(A)) ttult a$*l .J- ,rle cJ.*r,-:
Pf = P*,-L!''""""j =l'n
c.l-:,i.tt 'oj+i, .+t;6 #+ &YL'JIiF JJ"suri :r*ti aI+ d cl.tt p,i;t.* .i-r
f^.J: ,rJrlf +;Sr uF rJ$=ii rr"u q!3rrdt*!l ''4jitj o{ 4t'ltuX
*--* .rrur$r
:drSrll rib;l tYyr(g)-t u-r cJdlara drisi
lt = btLt

It =b*Ar+srAl
:Jfl

4+JpI ,-r. cl:rll rJ;t:

= 1,2,""','S
Y,(4,)= bt,..'.'-'-',1
:fs-BI r*. -;rll iF dlJ.ll dl.btfiJ
y*(a*)= br +ZarLr,"""",ft = 1,2,""',(n- 'S)
'f iJ6lfll ,l:'y'(o)#

I+L;LE ulll .Jlr.ll c' .*!l

ur. .iult--li* # Jrtll "iA t.+5

ndll .'y'(0)*[ LeL-blii,J .]JIl

dlbr l,+all d$I e+"+,*j.fit alri*lt

o:n oi dlrrll :ro ,.1'fu1.
i iJi. l| isas
.'n1'1l;i*ll
-l'y'(0)# d[iuir +J*t'..-FIl
.,, ', i .*ttr'liri*ll
.5a # LXJjll$' irSJL'D=d ':"1! A;'+.lX futij. I dlJ'{l fui.tiS
4-,tiJ. | .Jrrrl|d.,J-i i,o -rJilJ (n&ts....*+"r) g! (bi i=l,n).ret .i+'d airi*X
,.Jrill

:-{

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iJlil.pl) ,pL!t4+Ui.I iJtJt gc.gr i.lrd"*il.r,dr+I
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rrb (Tf) L3L'.X 6J-r ,, r, ijri.Jt
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cJ*rll.r y,i

'Lrll il|:Jl u,.furs.J 6yj*I

itl*tt
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:(i;ri
bu=F
b,+Za,A,= p,...-..-i= l,(li,-l)
2arA,,= F,....-...j=1,n,

d3'rr ueu'" ou)

=r,
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l-l

i.l

(T^)
;Li=ll
h.

d ,= t . . . . . . . . ,=j 1 , \
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bu
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e+*r.J

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A"=A,.-t'3t-$ b,,*b,
u"rfu, H 2o,

( Y1 )
.(y.) tr-*l

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al u. .9l.il f, _ .r
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:(!ti cJrr u:{ LAj.
o*) orur r}s.il jiLJ e',t+y -an+Lptrii-t ilt*I d.j
e+li

577

=P
b,+Za,A,,

to, o"
(r. )
r-.1'Dr' #.,*'+

.,Jf"=!f ,-.i51g.r+-"t l+Jlal a."nJ

'h' e'i-ri*tl rJtrS
gl eJi-$. iF r.lJ)
+;t+lt eit
.(l;r* get-]
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r

dr' dJ"-r: + t+
u" p SleS ult+

:i.r=13Yf (f ') drYrul Ci"+

b, +larLn = Fu...",,rit k t r
=bt+ilatLt,"""",f = 1'?0""'"t-l'ft+l'"""r
b,+Za,Ai*
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1:l

(r1)
:01ft"LHi

t;.'Ai

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2dt

:(tr) L.j,br"JliF. aJ+.$ i'bl*ll ,rr'/i ilo

7aA * 4 - b,+ A* = Ar,........i
- l,/r+ 1,.....,
r
= 1,2,...,,,k
f
=+
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#
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LJe JH'$'OS^!.J

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= tit
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2a,
H

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Ar --" -3r?o' zan
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( r Y)

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r +-'-i' Jsiir ri.t' FJI irrslJ.r
i'-JEll4bul ,F.l-r--tt + (rr)LTL'*JT*..*Jrlrtbb."x,rr'/r
iF u+rsr!r+
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(fr)

i-lhll 1;c''g' iiJi.;ll

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A.i.[ si &\ ljJ
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'm.
.L+lle i-;odl .i.;Utt+ ,+L*ll
1,,"..rL.r..;
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afi*l

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.sJ.-[.;-rtF d..t.r,u*,-F (y)
e; g;lf e-:l..trt_
drtS* ar+U* g*ao
dL=!l , iJ;r.1t,F-!r O;6t ,-.,lL :.L+lli . t
"J'

..$Se-+.J
ol.

:uJlll -p:Jl ,rls crlr., o t . a;rt+c'yl iJl=Jl .arr----,drctt* crig:.

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t
r
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ar ril +r,._,xglLjLj.ll ,C eJ.tI e."f .*rii
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l-+ lJc'lLX clliutt dguLl[^U . irirl
c9+
erj,l -. JJ*lt .c.Jl-r.fI . y Jhi+ fl
t-;..J dL*!l . ir:ri di lJl.r{ a;l*iJt (1) el djr+Jl e--.jg .f+_X 1ll( eJt.A,r+l
:6;+[ c.blpj lFlj-X

579

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Litiii # fulrs6J'"iJ (t) f"r rfust't

4Jot.i,etl&-l,li..JlHr.+Jdis$
J dfi--.3
yilat^ iJlr f+r
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d'*r
v {at
v {0)
iJx
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lcrl.l.rl
+r+Jl
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fr
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tuLi

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cJp=J.

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Lii3 ri,,=Jl# .("yq,(0J"

580

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dss

dltrrYl u'afiJ dE.Yl H-j3'rll (Y) i-lr dJr+I

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581

tU

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i+rljl

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ijhJl ."1r {Fcr_FltJr.ll| dEt

tuJi*ll

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ttJt+ Ll'.;:r +Yd-lt

oF

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f r.HiI J-Jl

t+Il +ill r.;sl

JrJt rl* *tL|
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frlil d,,td-J iF J1oll 'il rL=,:..|_;

tct lt lrtilt :.prJt ,g J_dl J- .tl"j

fclil crll*J iF JtJJt '3r Jrai*11

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