Done By : Alanood Saleh _ Fatima Saleh _ Amani Ali _ Mashal

abdulhadi _ Noura masoud

1-

The pollution :

Pollution is the introduction of contaminants in the environment

that causes instability, disorder, or damage to the ecosystem ie
physical systems of living organisms. [1] Pollution can take the
form of chemical substances, or energy, such as noise, heat or
light energy. May be contaminants and materials pollution
elements or external power sources, or it may occur naturally.
When a naturally occurring, they are considered contaminants
when they exceed natural levels. Pollution often classified into two
types; point source pollution or contamination source is no point.
Blacksmith Institute issued a list of the most polluted places in the
world. In prepared in 2007, occupied the first ten places on the list
are places in Azerbaijan, Ukraine, Peru, Russia, Zambia, China
and India.
Linguistic meaning of pollution:
In Arabic in a dictionary came to San Arabs ocean, under the
word 'pollution' pollution means smudging, is said to besmirch his
clothes with mud any Tkhha.
Thus, we note that the meaning of the word contamination the
name of the act contaminates revolves around changing the
natural state of things, mixing as it is not what it is, any elements
of strange or foreign about them, Vicderha, any change of the
nature and harm her, including undeterred by the performance of
its function and mission amended her.
2 - the idiomatic meaning of pollution:
There are no general, the definition of a fixed and agreed to
pollution, but there are several proposals to define it revolves
around the same meaning. Pollution as defined by the other it is

any physical or biological change distinctive lead to a detrimental

effect on air, water or land, or harm to human health and other
living organisms, as well as lead to damage to the productive
process, as a result of the impact on the state of renewable
resources.
And others knew that all the quantitative or qualitative change in
the components of the environment of living or non-living, not able
to absorb environmental regulations without that breaks down
Atzanha.
It is noted that a large number of scholars to adopt a common
definition of pollution by saying is the introduction of pollution
rights to the environment or energy materials, scalable because
the risks spoke on human health, or damage to vital resources
and ecosystems and causing damage to installations and
facilities. Or humanitarian intervention is obstructing the various
uses of environmental elements.
In the context of international efforts to protect the environment
there have been some attempts to define the concept of pollution
technically and idiomatic, has approved the Organization of
Economic Cooperation and Development for Europe definition
Maiaa been widely accepted by the jurisprudence, he decides that
pollution is the rights either directly or indirectly, by adding
materials environmental or energy to have adverse effects, it can
put human health at risk, or affect vital resources or ecosystems,
leading to influence the project uses of the environment .
If we look at the various definitions earlier, we will find it stipulated
that contamination of human-induced, directly or indirectly,
forgetting that contamination can happen without the intervention
of any human activity, Pollution can be caused by natural
phenomena Kthorat volcanoes, storms, and the burning of forests
as a result of lightning.

This definition was adopted, with some minor modifications, most

of the conventions and treaties on pollution.
: Source

http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA
%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AB
2-Causes of Pollution
The ultimate cause of pollution is human activity itself. Pollution is a
human contribution to nature. Science has evolved technologies and
technologies have helped the human welfare. In the process, the
pollution has been a part of technology and therefore a part of human
miseries.
Human activities mainly include:
Industries for various human needs - directly and indirectly
Agriculture for food production and industrial needs
Health care for health of human beings and animals
Transport for mobility of human beings
Dwelling for settlement in city or villages
Energy for various direct human needs and industrial needs.
All of them contribute to pollution in one way or other and therefore
cause miseries. All of them are aimed to be part of human welfare
programmes. Along with welfare, all of them have brought the maladies
of pollution.

Each one is discussed in detail as below. The pollutant (a material

causing pollution) may greatly differ and dimension of problem may
also greatly differ in such causes.

3- Disadvantages of pollution :
So what is pollution? As you all know pollution has become a
global problem and it is faced by each and very person. Not only
the people but by the entire world. No country is an exception to
pollution; not even the super powers like Russia, United States of
America, Japan etc. So coming directly on the topic I would like to
make you aware of the disadvantages of pollution. Population is
of many types:- 1. Air Pollution 2. Water Pollution 3. Sound
Pollution 4. Light Pollution 5. Visual Pollution 6. Radio Spectrum
Pollution Air Pollution The pollution which affects the air is called
air pollution. Air pollution constitutes a major portion in the
globalization of pollution. There are many reasons of air pollution.
The primary reason is factories scattered all over the world. The
smoke coming out of the chimneys of factories gets dispersed in
the air making the air polluted. The other reasons are motor
vehicles like cars bikes etc. All these things release chemicals
and particulates into the atmosphere. Common examples include
carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, chloro-fluoro-carbons(commonly
known as C-F-Cs) and nitrogen oxides. As nitrogen oxides and
hydrocarbons react to sunlight they produce ozone and smog.
These chemicals also lead in the production of acid rains. Acid
rain looks clean but it harmful not only to the environment but also
to the human being. In PUNE the amount of acid rain has gone 5
times as of in 1995. Acid rains can lead to Alzheimers. Not only
living things but acid rain also has a negative effect on non-living

things. Example: - Walls of TAJ MAHAL turning yellow. Because

of Air pollution the earths ozone layer is also depleting, which in
turn is also harmful for us, as the harmful ultra violet rays of the
sun will directly attack us leading to skin cancer, etc. according to
the researchers at the California university in Los angels the fine
particles released in exhaust fumes combine with fats in arteries
leading to genetic changes and causing arteriosclerosis, the lead
cause of death in the world. Water pollution The pollution affecting
water is called water pollution.
Source: http://www.shvoong.com/medicine-and-health/1661448dis-advantages-pollution/#ixzz2V2T4gauc

The primary reason for water pollution is also factories but,

chemical factories. These factories release their harmful
chemicals in the nearby rivers making the river diluted. As these
rivers meet the seas these chemicals get mixed even with the
seas. And thats the main reason for the large number of aquatic
deaths. The other reason for water pollution is the oil tankers. The
oil tankers are generally well maintained but still if any problem of
leakage persists then this also contributes to water pollution. As
oil floats on water the water remains polluted for a long time until
the oil is removed. Drinking polluted water can cause jaundice,
cholera etc. Acid rain is also the reason for water pollution as acid
rains also get mixed with the rivers and then with the seas. Sound
pollution The main reason for sound pollution are we youngsters,
we young generation. Loud speakers, horns, late night DJs etc.
The main disadvantage of sound pollution is that is it lessens our
hearing capability. Sound pollution also leads to irritation. As the

person is not able to hear properly he gets irritated leading to

instability of mind. Recently a Chinese man was sentenced to jail.
But do you know why? Because he clapped at 107 decibels just 3
decibels less than whirling helicopter blades. Every year 4 million
children under the age of 5 die only because of environmental
hazards like poisonings, diarrhea, Malaria by mosquitoes which
thrive in dirty water. Out of total number of deaths of children in
the world, 30% die only because of environmental hazards.
According to Jenny Pronczuk, Africa is leading in environmental
diseases followed by South-east-Asia. And one of the reason
behind this is POLLUTION. So it is our prime duty to prevent
pollution and lead a pollution free life.
Source: http://www.shvoong.com/medicine-and-health/1661448dis-advantages-pollution/#ixzz2V2TGtDlz

The disadvantages of pollution is destruction of habitats.

- dead animals
- dead plants
- harms the ecosystems
- heat waves
Also climate change/global warming
- droughts
- more bugs
- more diseases
- rise in water from melting glaciers It's harmful for you
- asthma
- heavy breathing

- cancer (it varies)

- acid rain
The disadvantages of pollution links to problems with other things
in our lives
People add to the list!!!!

4- Most polluted cites :

There is no doubt that great strides have been made in air
pollution in the U.S. Awareness, stricter legislation and
improved technology have all contributed to improved air,
land and water conditions. Despite the improvements, four in
10 Americans still live where pollution levels are often
dangerous to breathe. Since the American Lung Association
began studying particle pollution, almost all of the most
polluted cities have consistently remained among the worst.
The ALAs 2013 State of the Air report measures cities
based on low-lying ozone pollution, as well as both shortand long-term particle pollution. Based on average long-term
particle pollution figures collected by the ALA between 2009
and 2011, 24/7 Wall St. identified the 10 most polluted cities
in the country. For each of these metropolitan areas, the ALA
noted the population and the number of people in the area
with health problems that high pollution can exacerbate,

such as asthma and cardiovascular disease. These are

Americas most polluted cities.
5- protect

people from pollution

in U.S.?
How to protect yourself from air pollution
You may think that with so many cars and factories polluting the air, there is little you can do
to protect yourself. But guess what? There are many ways you can help protect yourself
and others from air pollution! You can take some control over the air you breathe.

Protecting yourself from indoor air pollutants

You can help protect the quality of the air inside your home or car. This is especially
important if you have asthma dust mites, mold, and the other triggers talked about here
can cause an asthma attack. The following are ways you can protect yourself from indoor air
pollutants.
1. Get rid of dust mites.
2. Get rid of mold and mildew.
3. Keep pets out of sleeping areas.
4. Keep bugs out of the kitchen.
5. Stay away from secondhand smoke.
6. Get a carbon monoxide (CO) detector and a radon detector for your home.
7. Never run a car or lawnmower in a closed garage.
8. Never sleep in a closed room with a gas or kerosene space heater.

Protecting yourself from outdoor air pollutants

1. Pay attention to the Air Quality Index (AQI on high-ozone d).
2. Take public transportation on high ozone days.
3. Fill up your cars gas tank after dark on high ozone days.

Source: http://www.girlshealth.gov/environment/air/protect.cfm
How to protect yourself from water pollution
There are a lot of things you can do to help protect yourself and others from water
pollution! Some of these things will help keep our water supply clean. Others will help
you stay healthy. Read over these things with a parent, grandparent, or teacher and talk
about what kinds of things you will do in your house and community.
1. Recycle your batteries and other harmful trash (like paint).
2. Dont drink water directly from a pond, creek, stream, river, or lake.
3. Get your water tested.
4. Be alert for local beach closings.
5. Take used motor oil to a recycling center.
6. Find out what your community is doing to protect your water source and get
involved. Filter and/or boil your water if needed.
7. Use cold water for drinking and cooking.
8. Dont litter and dont flush things down the toilet that dont belong there.

Source : http://www.girlshealth.gov/environment/water/protect.cfm
6-Ruduce pollution :
Treatment of pollution:
1 - a person's self-awareness that pollution is only a disaster need
to be a positive effort of it because it grinds
2 - Stop the licenses of industrial activity which destroys the
environment.
3 - displace polluting industries away from the places of
concentration of people plan a specific time, to stop the set-aside
of agricultural land and the lack of harm to human health.

4 - Development of methods for air pollution control, the solution

does not lie in a further increase in the lengths of flue because it
does not prevent pollution but Arahlh to places farther.
5 - developing means of disposal of garbage and waste,
especially for those operations that include the open-air burning
that increase pollution.
6 - to carry out afforestation widely to get rid of air pollutants and
absorbed.
7 - Detection league for cars, because Awadamha of one of the
main factors causing the pollution.
8 - resorting to natural gas as one of the alternative sources of
energy for thermal energy sources that do not come with large
amounts of lead and sulfur.
9 - addressing oil pollution, add some chemical solvents that work
on the deposition of oil at the bottom of the oceans or seas in
case of leakage. In addition to develop strict rules not to take the
ships for any oil or chemical residues in the sea.
10 - the establishment of marine reserves, derived from the word
protected natural protection which imposes a ban on some spots
that include marine organisms are rare, those endangered
species or groups of which confined its presence in certain
environments.
11 - resorting to the use of organic pesticides (organic pesticides
are pesticides that do not contain fitted to the chemicals, but their
components (list of environment) natural primarily such as garlic
and onions .. and other other natural materials) and stay away
from pesticides (insecticides location Fido) Chemical different
types of herbicides, insects and fungi