BBC LEARNING ENGLISH

6 Minute Grammar
The third conditional
This is not a word-for-word transcript

Neil
Hello. Welcome to 6 Minute Grammar with me, Neil
Catherine
And me, Catherine. Hello.
Neil
And today, were talking about the third conditional.
Catherine
Yes - well be looking at why and when we use it.
Neil
And well see how to form it
Catherine
Therell be at a very helpful pronunciation tip
Neil
And therell also be a third conditional quiz at the end of the show!
Catherine
Now, the main use of the third conditional is to talk about imaginary situations in the past.
And heres Mike with our first example:
Mike
I was really late for work today. When I got to the station, it turned out the trains were
cancelled. If I had known the trains were cancelled, I would have taken a bus.
Catherine
And Mikes last sentence is describing an imaginary situation. In reality, Mike was late for
work because he didnt know the trains were cancelled, and he didnt take a bus. He uses
the third conditional to imagine a different past situation when he says: If I had known the
trains were cancelled, I would have taken a bus.

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Neil
Lets take a closer look. There are two parts to this sentence. One part is made with if plus
past perfect:
Mike
If I had known the trains were cancelled
Neil
And the other part is made of subject plus would have plus a past participle.
Mike
I would have taken a bus.
Catherine
And we put the two parts together to talk about an imaginary situation in the past, and its
imaginary result.
Neil
You can change the order of the two parts if you like: the meaning stays the same:
Mike
I would have taken a bus if I had known the trains were cancelled.
Neil
Lets have some more examples. Listen out for if plus past perfect with would
have plus a past participle.
Mike
I got two Ds and an F in my exams. If I had worked harder, I would have got better
grades.
Patty was a great singer when she was younger. She would have won that TV talent
show if she had entered it.
Catherine
And we can use negatives in either or both parts of the sentence. Here are a couple of
examples, with the negative forms hadnt and wouldnt:
Mike
Abid met his wife at university. Theyve been married for 3 years now. If Abid hadnt
gone to university, he wouldnt have met his wife.

6 Minute Grammar
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I registered my mobile phone on a tracker website. When I lost it, I logged on to the site
and they told me where it was. If I hadnt registered my phone, it would have been
lost for ever.
Catherine
So you can see that the third conditional is very useful to talk about things were pleased we
did, as well as things we wish wed done differently. So what about you Neil anything
youd change or not change in your past?
Neil
I lived in Canada when I was a child and if I hadnt lived in Canada I wouldnt have got dual
citizenship. Im a citizen of the UK and Canada.
IDENT
6 Minute Grammar from the BBC.
Catherine
And were talking about third conditionals. And now its time to talk about pronunciation.
We use lots of short forms in third conditionals. And heres Mike again with an example.
Mike
If Id had my camera, Id have taken a photo.
Catherine
So in the if part, I and had are shortened to Id. In the main part, I and would are
shortened to Id, and we also drop the h from have. So I would have becomes Idve.
Lets hear another example:
Mike
If Id woken up earlier, I wouldnt have missed my flight.
Catherine
So I had become Id in the if part and would not have becomes wouldntve in the
main part.
Neil
Now its time for a quiz! Im going to say two sentences, and you have to use them to make
a third conditional sentence. Heres the first one. Mike forgot Janes birthday. She was
upset.
Catherine
If Mike hadnt forgotten Janes birthday, she wouldnt have been upset.
Neil

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Good. Another one: I ate too much. I feel sick.

Catherine
If I hadnt eaten too much, I wouldnt have felt sick.
Neil
And the last one: I didnt go to the party. I didnt meet Francesca.
Catherine
I wouldve met Francesca if Id gone to the party.
Neil
Exactly. And thats the end of the quiz. Well done if you got them all right. And weve just
got time for a top tip before we finish. Remember, in standard English, theres only one
would in a third conditional sentence. We dont use would in the if part. Heres an
example of an incorrect sentence.
Mike
If Tom would have said sorry, Sonia would have forgiven him.
Neil
Heres the correct version:
Mike
If Tom had said sorry, Sonia would have forgiven him.
Neil
Great. So thats the third conditional. Its made of if plus the past perfect tense, and
would have plus the past participle. We use it to talk about imaginary situations in the
past.
Catherine
Theres more about this on our website at bbclearningenglish.com. Join us again for more 6
Minute Grammar.
Both
Bye.

6 Minute Grammar
bbclearningenglish.com

British Broadcasting Corporation 2015

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