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The
Environment
(2)
Exposure Conditions
(3)
i)
Mild
ii)
Moderate
iii)
Severe
iv)
Very severe
v)
Extreme
8.2.2.2 Abrasive
Specialist literatures may be referred to for durability
requirements of concrete surfaces exposed to abrasive
action, forexample, in case ofmachinery andmetal t)'fes.
8.2.2.3 Freezing and thawing
Where freezing and thawing actions under wet
conditions exist. enhanced durability can be obtained
by the useof suitable airentraining admixtures. When
concrete lower than grade M 50 is used under these
conditions, the mean total air content by volume of
the fresh concrete at the time of delivery into the
construction should be:
Nominal Maximum Size
Aggregate
Entrained Air
Percentage
(mm)
20
40
Sl
4t
IS 456: 2000
ClaVi
SI
No.
Type of Cement
....
...
1..- ~oil ,
Total SOl
SOlin
2:1 Water:
In Ground
Water
SoilExtract
Minimum
Cement
Content
kllm J
Percent
gil
gil
(3.)
(4)
(5)
Traces
Less than
1.0
Less than
n.3
1.0 to
0.3 to
1.9
1.2
(2)
(I)
1)
0.2)
(6)
(7)
,
Maximum
Face WaterCement
Ratio
(8)
280
0.5S
Ordinary Portland
cement or
Portlandslag
cementor
Portland
pozzolana cement
330
0.50
Supersulphated
cement or
sulphateresisting
Portlandcement
310
o.so
Supersulphated
cement or
sulphateresisting
Portland cement
Portland pozzolana
cement or Portland
slag cement
330
0.50
350
0.45
370
O,4S
4(X)
0.40
Ordinary Portland
cement or Portland
slag cement or
Portlandpozzolana
cement
ii)
iii)
0.2 to
0.5
0.5 to
1.0
iv)
10to
2.0
1.91U
3.1
11
[0
S,O
1.110
2.5
2.5 to
50
Supersulphatcd
or sulphate
resisting
Portland cement
5
v)
More thin
2.0
More chan
Morethan
5.0
5.0
Sulphateresisting,.
Portland cement
supersulphated c;eanent
with protectivecoatings
or
NOTES
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
19
IS 456: 2000
Table 5 Minimum Cement Content, Maximum Water-Cement Ratio and Minimum Grade of Concrete
for DifTerent Exposures with Normal Weight Aggregates of 20 mm Nominal Maximum Size
(Clause 6.1.2, 8.2.4.1 and 9.1.2)
SI
No.
t;xposure
Reinforced Concrete
Plain Concrete
~
Minimum
Cement
Content
....
Maximum
FreeWater
Cement Ratio
"Minimum
Grade of
Concrete
...
Minimum
Gradeof
Concrete
(6)
(7)
(8)
300
O.5~
M20
M25
MJO
M3S
M40
Content
(3)
(4)
0.60
(~)
i)
Mild
220
iii)
Moderate
Severe
240
0.60
MIS
300
O.SO
iii)
2S0
O.SO
M20
320
O.4~
iv)
Very severe
260
0.45
M20
340
0.45
Extreme
~80
0.40
M2~
360
0.40
v)
...
Maxirnum
FreeWaterCement Ratio
kgln}l
kglm'
(2)
--
Minimum
Cement
NC)T&,
I Celnentcontent prescribed in this table is irrapeetive of the grDdes of cementand it is inclusive of additions mentioned in 5.2. The
additions such DIfly ashor around granulated blastfurnace slag mayhe takeninto ICcount in the concrete composition with respecllO
the cementcontentand water-cement ratio if the suitability is established and as lonl as the maximum 81nounts cakcn into ac&.~unt do
not exceedthe limil or pozzolona and alae specified in IS 1489 (Part I) and IS 4S~ respectively.
2 Minimum gradefor plainconcrete undermild exposu~ condition it nolspecified.
20
1S4S6:2000
Table 6 Adjustments to Minimum Cement
Contents for Allregates Other Than 20 mm
Nominal Maximum Size
(Clause 8.2.4.1)
SI
No.
(I)
(2)
(3)
i)
ii)
iii)
10
20
+40
40
-30
8.1.6.2 Drainage
At sites where alkali concentrations are high or may
become very high.the groundwatershould be lowered
by drainage so that it will not come into direct contact
with the concrete.
Additional protection may be obtained by the use of
chemically resistant stone facing or a layer of plaster
of Paris covered with suitable fabric, such as jute
thoroughly impregnated with bituminous material.
Maximum Total
Acid Soluble
No.
Chloride ConteDt
Exp~cd
as klhnJor
CODcrete
(I)
i)
(2)
(3)
0.4
ii)
iii)
0.6
J.O
isee 13.5).
8.2.8 Concrete in Sea-water
IS 456: 1000
a) Type of aggregate,
content.
concrete);
f)
g)
h)
j)
k)
22