IJSTE - International Journal of Science Technology & Engineering | Volume 2 | Issue 10 | April 2016

ISSN (online): 2349-784X

Design Development and Testing of Adjustable

Pivot Drive as an Application to Variable
Discharge Pump
Akash Anand Malewad
B. Tech Student
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Vishwakarma Institute of Technology, Pune

Bhushan Ashok Patil

B. Tech Student
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Vishwakarma Institute of Technology, Pune

Pranay Satish Badhe

B. Tech Student
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Vishwakarma Institute of Technology, Pune

Pradip Babasaheb Gunjal

B. Tech Student
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Vishwakarma Institute of Technology, Pune

Prof(Dr)Nitin Vijay Satpute

Assistant Professor
Vishwakarma Institute of Technology, Pune

Abstract
In this project with the title Design Development and Testing of Adjustable Pivot Drive as an Application to Variable Discharge
Pump we are providing an alternative to costly variable discharge pumps with an economic solution of adjustable pivot drive
mechanism in which we are going to use input power from motor which is further given to the sliding joint which causes cam to
oscillate in contact with the pump and it will give a required discharge at the outlet of pump. The discharge can be varied in a
precise manner with a control screw which controls the pivot point of slider joint and accordingly displacement is varied. This
type of precise control is required in medical industries and paint industries where fix amount of chemical contents are mixed
together and there exact amount is very important.
Keywords: Pivot Drive, Control Screw, Adjustable Pivot Drive, Precise Control, Sliding Joint
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I.

INTRODUCTION

A pump is a device that moves fluids (liquids or gases), or sometimes slurries, by mechanical action. Pumps can be classified
into three major groups according to the method they use to move the fluid: direct lift, displacement, and gravity pumps. Pumps
operate by some mechanism (typically reciprocating or rotary), and consume energy to perform mechanical work by moving the
fluid.
Pumps operate via many energy sources, including manual operation, electricity, engines, or wind power, come in many sizes,
from microscopic for use in medical applications to large industrial pumps. Mechanical pumps serve in a wide range of
applications such as pumping water from wells, aquarium filtering, pond filtering and aeration, in the car industry for watercooling and fuel injection, in the energy industry for pumping oil and natural gas or for operating cooling towers. In the medical
industry, pumps are used for biochemical processes in developing and manufacturing medicine, and as artificial replacements.
A positive displacement pump makes a fluid move by trapping a fixed amount and forcing (displacing) that trapped volume
into the discharge pipe. Some positive displacement pumps use an expanding cavity on the suction side and a decreasing cavity
on the discharge side. Liquid flows into the pump as the cavity on the suction side expands and the liquid flows out of the
discharge as the cavity collapses. The volume is constant through each cycle of operation.
II. RELEVANCE OF PISTON PUMPS
In hydraulic power systems, variable displacement pumps save power, increase the productivity or control the motion of a load
precisely, safely and in an economical manner .The displacement varying mechanism and power to weight ratio of variable
displacement piston pump makes them most suitable for control of high power levels.
The bent axis piston pump is preferred in most hydraulic power systems because of its high performance and efficiency. It is
also capable of operating at variable conditions of flow, pressure, speed and torque.
The piston pump offers following features that make it outstanding as compared to other positive displacement pumps:

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Design Development and Testing of Adjustable Pivot Drive as an Application to Variable Discharge Pump
(IJSTE/ Volume 2 / Issue 10 / 006)

1) Pressure: Piston pumps have the highest pressure capabilities of the other technologies, up to 7250 psi (500 bar) for those in
common use, and as high at 10,000 psi (690 bar) for certain specialized units. Vane and gear pumps are commonly limited to
pressures up to about 4000 psi (275 bar).
2) Input Speed: Piston pumps have the highest input speed capabilities.
3) Power Density: Hydraulic power density is directly related to operating pressure; the higher the pressure the greater the
power density. Piston pumps offer the highest power density with vane and gear types following in that order
4) Conversion Efficiency: Like power density, the conversion ratio of input power to output power is directly related to
operating pressure. Piston pumps offer the highest conversion ratio, followed by vane and gear pumps in that order. The
ability of piston and vane pumps to be hydraulically balanced is also a factor in their greater conversion efficiency.
5) Inlet Vacuum Tolerance: Positive inlet pressure is always preferred in hydraulic pump applications to avoid wear and
premature failure. Bent axis piston pumps offer good vacuum tolerant handling.
6) Fluid Compatibility: Piston pump tend to offer the greatest range of fluid compatibilities.
III. AXIAL PISTON OR SWASH PLATE PISTON PUMP

Fig. 1: Axial Piston Pump (Reference, www.wikipedia.com)

Swash-plate type axial-piston pumps are used as the fluid power-source for hydraulic circuitry. These devices are used to
transmit power in many engineering applications such as aircrafts, earthmoving equipment, and shop tools. The advantages of
these machines have been high effort and low inertia, flexible routing of power, and continuously-variable power transmission.
By varying the angle of swash plate it is possible to vary the stroke of the pistons hence the discharge can be varied in this
configuration of pump.
Disadvantages of bent axis piston pumps have been fluid leaks, system flammability, contamination sensitivity, and lower
operating efficiency. Though the advantages of these machines are gaining a strong presence in the marketplace, the
disadvantages must be minimized if fluid power is to remain a strong alternative among the various choices of power
transmission.
IV. NEED FOR PROJECT
Axial piston pumps with constant pressure and variable flow have extraordinary possibilities for controlling the flow by change
of pressure. Owing to pressure feedback, volumetric control of the pump provides a wide application of these pumps in complex
hydraulic systems, particularly in aeronautics and space engineering.
The major obstacle in application of the bent axis piston pump is extremely high cost (Approx. Rs 90000/-) over that of the
radial piston pump, it ranges in the range of 5 to 6 times the cost of radial piston pump. Hence there is a need to develop a
modification in the radial piston pump design that will offer a variable discharge configuration in addition to the advantages of
high efficiency and maximum pressure.
Thus objective of project is defined to develop a variable displacement linkage that will enable to vary the stroke of an single
cylinder axial piston pump, thereby offering to vary the discharge of the pump using manual control.
V. CONCEPT OF ADJUSTABLE STROKE MECHANISM USING ADJUSTABLE PIVOT DRIVE
This mechanism shown is to convert rotary motion of crank element into oscillatory output of the output element. The angle of
oscillation of the output is a function of the position of pivot element. The pivot element position can be varied as it is placed on
a slide. Thus adjustment of the stroke can be done by varying the position of the pivot element. This mechanism is selected with
the view that it offers maximum stability and vibration-less performance owing to nature of mounting of the pivot element

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Design Development and Testing of Adjustable Pivot Drive as an Application to Variable Discharge Pump
(IJSTE/ Volume 2 / Issue 10 / 006)

which is a sliding pair mounted in a spherical bearing seat giving maximum support to the drive. The slide elements are linear
motion bearings that offer friction less sliding motion, thus positioning accuracy can be attained and thus the application motion
can be precisely attained.

Fig. 2: Cam Mechanism

VI. FABRICATION AND MODELING

Fig. 3: Modeling of Project

Suitable manufacturing methods will be employed to fabricate the components and then assemble the test set up

Fig. 4: Fabrication

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Design Development and Testing of Adjustable Pivot Drive as an Application to Variable Discharge Pump
(IJSTE/ Volume 2 / Issue 10 / 006)

VII. IMPORTANT COMPONENTS AND DESIGN

Electric Motor
POWER= 50 WATT
OPERATING SPEED = 4000 rpm.
NOW;

Belt drive between motor and pulley have a reduction ratio of 1:5
Hence Tdesign = Overload factor x 5 x Tmotor
Considering 100% overload
Tdesign = 2 x 5 x .12
Tdesign = 1.2 N.m
Design Of Input Crank Shaft:
MATERIAL SELECTION:REF:-PSG DESIGN DATA
(1.10&12 1.17)
MATERIAL DESIGNATION
EN24(Alloy Steel)

TENSILE STRENGTH
N/mm2
800

YEILD STRENGTH
N/mm2
600

Fig. 5:

According to the maximum shear stress theory

fsy =0.5 fyt =300N/mm2
The permissible shear stress is given by
Fs all = fyt/fos
=300/2 =150 N/mm2
Section of the crank pin at is subjected to combined bending and torsional
Crank force = Tdesign / eccentricity = 1.2x 10 3 /25 = 48 N
Moments
Mt = 48 x 25 =1200 N-mm
Mb = 48 x 45
=2160 N-mm
fb = Mb y/I
=2160 x 32 / d3
fs =Mt r/J
=1200x16/ d3

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28

Design Development and Testing of Adjustable Pivot Drive as an Application to Variable Discharge Pump
(IJSTE/ Volume 2 / Issue 10 / 006)

d = 12 mm
But as per manufacturing considerations we have an H6h7 fit between the pulley and shaft and to achieve this tolerance boring
operation is to be done and minimum boring possible on the machine available is 16mm hence consider the minimum section on
the shaft to be 16mm
Design of Output Shaft
MATERIAL SELECTION:REF:-PSG DESIGN DATA
(1.10&12 1.17)
MATERIAL DESIGNATION
EN24

TENSILE STRENGTH
N/mm2
800

YEILD STRENGTH
N/mm2
600

Fig. 6:

According to the maximum shear stress theory

fsy =0.5 fyt =300N/mm2
The permissible shear stress is given by
Fs all = fyt/fos
=300/2 =150 N/mm2
Section of the crank pin at is subjected to combined bending and torsional
Crank force = Tdesign / eccentricity = 1.2x 10 3 /40 = 30 N
Moments
Mt = 30 x 40=1200N-mm
Mb = 30x 43
=1290 N-mm
fb = Mb y/I
=1290 x 32 / d3
fs =Mt r/J
=1200x16/ d3

d = 10 mm
But as per manufacturing considerations we have an H6h7 fit between the dyno-brake pulley and shaft and to achieve this
tolerance boring operation is to be done and minimum boring possible on the machine available is 16mm hence consider the
minimum section on the shaft to be 16mm
VIII. EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS
Control link at initial position

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Design Development and Testing of Adjustable Pivot Drive as an Application to Variable Discharge Pump
(IJSTE/ Volume 2 / Issue 10 / 006)

Procedure
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)

Position the control linkage at initial position

Start pump motor
Maintain input speed at input =100 rpm
Collect 100 ml of oil in measuring beaker
Note time for collecting 100 ml of oil
Change input speed to 200 rpm
Repeat step 4 & 5
Repeat procedure for 300 rpm, 400rpm and 500 rpm
Observation Table
SR. NO.
01
02
03
04
05
SR. NO.
01
02
03
04
05

SPEED ( RPM)
100
200
300
400
500

SPEED ( RPM)
100
200
300
400
500

VOLUME IN BEAKER (ml)

100
100
100
100
100

ACTUAL FLOW RATE (LPM)

0.0024
0.0053
0.007
0.01
0.012

TIME ( SECONDS)
2217
1130
769
575
473

THEORETICAL FLOW RATE

0.0033
0.006
0.009
0.0124
0.015

FLOW RATE (LPM)

0.0024
0.0053
0.007
0.01
0.012
VOLUMETRIC EFFICIENCY
86.78
85.13
83.39
83.65
81.35

Fig. 7:

Fig. 8:

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Design Development and Testing of Adjustable Pivot Drive as an Application to Variable Discharge Pump
(IJSTE/ Volume 2 / Issue 10 / 006)

Comparative Graph Of Flow Rate Vs Speed At Various Control Angles

Fig. 9: Comparative Graph of Flow Rate Vs. Speed at Various Control Angles

IX. CONCLUSION
1) It is seen that the discharge from the pump reduces at the control angle is changed from o degree to 120 degree
2) Volumetric efficiency drops slight as the speed in all cases of control angle, this is owing to the hysteresis of spring used in
the pump and friction between the piston and cylinder.
3) From the seen characteristic of flow in each control angle it can be safely assumed that the discharge of the pump increases
with increase in pump speed for all control angles.
4) Precise control of the control angle will provide a wide range of flow rates therby the pump will find application in multiple
industries.
Lab-View Software Analysis (Amplitude Vs Time)

REFERENCES
[1]

[2]
[3]
[4]

Noah D. Manring ,Yihong Zhang mechanical and aerospace engineering department,university of missouri-columbia,columbia, 65211The Improved
Volumetric-Efficiency of an Axial-Piston Pump Utilizing a Trapped-Volume Design Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control
SEPTEMBER 2001, Vol. 123 487 .
Mr. Kekare H.T*, Prof. Patil S.S., Prof. Harugade N.V., Prof. Pol S.S. Review paper on application of variable displacement linkage in radi al piston
pump. Linkage in Radial Piston pump
J.M. Bergada , S. Kumar a, D.L, Davies, and J. Watton,2006 A complete analysis of axial piston pump
Amedeo Bianchi. Jan 22,2010 Bent axis pump US patent No US7,739,945 B2

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