By :ZURNEVA ROSY

Both my mother and my sister are here

Both + noun + and + noun
Both the teacher and the student are here
Both my mother and my father talked to
the teacher
Both he and I study English
Both Amir and Udin were happy
Both you and he can drive a car
Both you and rina have written a novel
Both you and I are happy
Both you and I were absent yesterday
Both amir and I are very busy

The research project will take both time and money

I have met both his father and his mother

ADJECTIVE ADJECTIVE
SUBJECT + VERB+ NOT ONLY + NOUN + BUT ALSO + NOUN
ADVERB ADVERB
PROPOSITIONAL PHRASE PROPOSITIONAL PHRASE

1. Hasan is not only talented but also handsome

2. Ira plays not only the guitar but also the violin
3. He writes not only correctly but also neatly
4. Marte excel not only in mathematic but also in English
5. I’m studying not only math but also chemistry
6. crisye not only plays the piano but also composes music
7. He is famous not only in Italy but also in Switerzerland

SUBJECT + NOT ONLY + VERB + BUT ALSO + VERB

1. Yesterday it not only rained but also snowed

2. Crisye not only plays the piano but also composes music

Not only my mother but also my sister is here

NOT ONLY + NOUN + BUT ALSO + NOUN
Not only the teacher but also the student is here
Not only the teacher but also the students are here
Not only sue but also the cat saw the mouse

I will take either chemistry or physics next quarter

We can either read a newspaper or play the guitar
You may play either football or tennis
 EITHER + NOUN + OR + NOUN
Either the students or the teacher is planning to come
Either the teacher or the students are planning to come
Either John or Bob will call Marry
Either John or Marry has my book
Either he or I will take it
Either you or I will open the door.
Either you or I am very happy
Either I or you are very happy
Either you or he was ill
Either you or he studies english

I will take either chemistry or physics next quarter

We can either read a newspaper or play the guitar
You may play either football or tennis

NEITHER + ADJECTIVE + NOR + ADJECTIVE

The book is neither interesting nor accurate

NEITHER + NOUN + NOR + NOUN

Neither my brother nor my sister is here
Neither my uncle nor parents are here
Neither the teacher nor the student is here
Neither fatimah nor zainab can read
Neither my friend nor I bought a car
Neither my friends nor I were late yesterday
Neither you nor I am busy
Neither you nor he plays tennis
Neither you nor he studies English

He likes neither coffee nor tea

He has neither a pen nor paper
My brother is neither a policemant nor a postman
He wants neither a pencil nor a book

1. He was tired,so he went to bed

2. The child hid behind his mother’s skirt , for he was afraid of the dog
3. The child hid behind his mother’s skirt , because he was afraid of the dog

4. He didn’t study , yet he passed the exam

5. He didn’t study , but he passed the exam
6. He didn’t study , nevertheles he passed the exam

SETELAH
 After + S + s.present + S + s.future
After + S + past perfect + S + s.past

• After she graduates,she will get a job

• After she had graduated,she got a job

• After he had finished his homework,he went to bed

• After finishing his homework,he went top bed.
• After having finished his homework, he went to bed
• He went to bed after finishing his homework.

After I ate dinner,I took a walk

I took a walk after I ate dinner
I ate dinner.Afterwards,I took a walk
I ate dinner.I took a walk afterwards

SEBELUM (having+V3)

s.future + before + s.present

past perfect + before + s.past

• I will leave before he comes

• I had left before he came

• Before I left for work,I take breakfast

• Before leaving for work,I ate breakfast
• Having seen that movie before,I don’t want to go again
• Having seen that movie before,I didn’t want to go again.

WHEN (Upon+ing)

When + S + S.past + S + past continous

When + S + S.past + S + past perfect
When + S + S.past + S + simple past
When + S + S.present + S + simple future

• When I arrived,he was talking on the phone

• When I got there,he had already left
• When it began to rain,I stood under a tree
• When I was in Chicago,I visited the museums
• When I see him tomorrow,I will ask him.

Upon seeing his wife and child get off the airplane,Tom broke into a big smile
On seeing his wife and child get off the airplane,Tom broke into a big smile
KETIKA/SAAT
While + S + past continous + S + S.past
As + S + past continous + S + S.past

• While I was walking home,it began to rain.

• As I was walking home,it began to rain

• While I was walking to class,I ran into an old friend.

• While walking to class,I ran into an old friend
• Walking to class, I ran into an old friend.
•

BY THE TIME + S + PAST + S + PAST PERFECT

BY THE TIME + S + PRESENT + S + FUTURE PERFECT

• By the time he arrived,we had already left

• By the time he comes,we will already have left
SEJAK
S + PRESENT PERFECT + SINCE + S + S.PAST

• I haven’t seen him since he left this morning

• Since mary came to this country,she has made many friends.

• Since coming to this country,Mary has made many friends
SAMPAI
S + S.PAST + UNTIL + S + S.PAST
S + S.PAST + TILL + S + S.PAST

• We stayed there until we finished our work

• We stayed there till we finished our work

KETIKA
AS SOON AS + P.CONTINOUS + S + S.FUTURE
ONCE + P.CONTINOUS+ S + S.FUTURE

• As soon as it stops raining,we will leave

• Once it stops raining,we will leave
• When it stops raining,we will leave

SELAMA
S.FUTURE +AS LONG AS
S.FUTURE+ AS LONG AS

• I will never speak to him again as long as I live

• I will never speak to him again so long as I live
• I will never speak to him again during I live
 Whenever I see her,I say hello
Everytime I see her,I say hello
The fist time I went to Newyork,I went to an opera
I saw two plays the last time I went to New York
The next time I go to New York,I’m going to see a ballet.

KARENA
Because she needed some money to buy a book,Sue cashed
a check
Needing some money to buy a book,Sue cashed a check

Because she was unable to afford a car,she bought a

bicycle.
Being unable to afford a car,she bought a bicycle.
Unable to afford a car,she bought a bicycle.

KARENA
Because he was sleepy,he went to bed
He went to bed because he was sleepy
Since he is not interested in classical music,he decided not to go to go to the concert
Now that the semester is finished,I’m going to rest a few days and then take a trip.
As se had nothing in particular to do,she called up a friend and asked her if she wanted to take in a
movie
As long as(so long as) you’re not busy,could you help me with this work?
Inasmuch as the two government leaders couldn’t reach an agreement,the possibilities for peace are
still remote.

KARENA

Because the weather was cold,we stayed home

Because it was hot,we went swimming
We went swimming because it was hot
Due to the cold weather,we stayed home
Due to the fact that the weather was cold,we stayed home

KARENA
Because it was hot,we went swimming
Because I wasn’t tired,I didn’t go to bed
Because the weather was cold,I didn’t go
swimming
We went swimming because it was hot.
We stayed home because of the cold weather
Because of the cold weather,we stayed home
Because of the hot weather,we went swimming
we went swimming because of the hot weather

We stayed home due to the cold weather

We stayed home due to the fact that the weather
 AKIBATNYA
We postponed our trip because the weather was cold
Because the weather was bad,we postponed our trip
Diane failed the test because he didn’t study
Al didn’t study.Therefore,he failed the test
Al didn’t study.Consequently,he failed the test
Al didn’t study, so he failed the test
It was hot,so we went swimming.

It was hot.Therefore,we went swimming

It was hot.We,therefore,went swimming.
It was hot.We went swimming,therefore.
Al didn’t study.Consequently,he failed the test
Al didn’t study.Therefore,he failed the test
Al didn’t study.He,Therefore,failed the test
Al didn’t study.He failed the test,therefore
I didn’t bring my umbrella.consequently,I got wet
I didn’t study last night. Therefore,I failed the test

KARENA
S + V + SUCH + a + adjective + singular count noun + THAT
S + V + SUCH + adjective + plural count noun + THAT
S + V + SUCH + adjective + noun count noun + THAT

KARENA
Because the weather was nice,we went to the zoo
It was such nice weather that we went to the zoo
The weather was so nice that we went to the zoo
It was such good coffee that I had another cup
It was such a foggy day that we couldn’t see the road
It was such a hot day that we decided to stay indoor
It was such an interesting book that he couldn’t put it down

KARENA
She has such exceptional abilities that everyone is jealous of her
They are such beautiful pictures that everybody will want one
Peey has had such bad luck that he’s decided not to gamble
This is such difficult homework that I will never finish it

S + V + SO + ADJECTIVE/ADVERB + THAT + S + VERB

S + V + SO + ADJECTIVE + A +SINGULAR NOUNCOUNT+ THAT..

KARENA
The coffee is so hot that I can’t drink it
I’m so hungry that I could eat a horse
I was so hungry that I didn’t wait for dinner to eat something.
She speaks so fast that I can’t understand her
He walked so quickly that I couldn’t keep up with him
Rina ran so fast that she broke the previous speed record
It was so cold yesterday that I didn’t want to swim
 It was so hot a day that we decided to stay indoors
The soup tastes so good that everyone will ask for more
The student had behaved so badly that he was dismissed from the class
It was so interesting a book that he coulnt put it down

KARENA
She made so many mistakes that she failed the exam
He has so few friends that he is always lonely
She has so much money that she can buy whatever she wants
He had so little trouble with the test that he left twenty minutes early

AGAR/TUJUAN

S + V + SO THAT/IN ORDER TO + S + V

They went to the movie early in order to find the best seats
They went to the movie early in order to that they could find the best seats
She bought a book so that she could learn English
He is saving his money so that he may or can take a long vacation.
I’m working night and day so that I can finish this book soon

AGAR/SUPAYA

I turn off the TV in order to enable my roommate to study in peace and

quiet.
I turned off the TV so that my roommate could study in peace and quiet

I’m going to cash a check so that I can buy my textbooks

I cashed a check so that I could buy my textbooks
I’ll take my umbrella so that I won’t get wet
I’ll take my umbrella so that I don’t get wet
Yesterday I took my umbrella so that I wouldn’t get wet.

PERTENTANGAN

Even though it was cold,I went swimming

Although it was cold,I went swimming
Though it was cold,I went swimming
Even though Barbie is a good student,she didn’t receive a scholarship.

It was cold,but I went swimming anyway (bgamanapun jg)

It was cold,but I still went swimming (demikian)
It was cold,yet I still went swimming (msih juga)

it was cold.Nevertheless,I went swimming. (meskipun begitu)

It was cold.Nonetheless,I went swimming. (meskipun demikian)
It was cold.However,I still went swimming (bgmanapun jg,biarpun).
I went swimming despite the cold weather (meskipun)
I went swimming in spite of the cold weather (walaupun)
In spite of her low grades,she was admitted to the university (walaupun)

Maria is rich,whereas Jenny is poor (padahal)

Maria is rich,while Jenny is poor (sementara itu)
Whereas Maria is rich,Jenny is poor (sedangkan)
Maria is rich,but Jenny is poor (tetapi)
Maria is rich,however Jenny is poor (bagaimanapun)
Maria is rich.Jenny,on the other hand,is poor.(disamping itu)

If
if it rains,the streets get wet
if it rains tomorrow,I will take my umbrella
whether or not
I’m going to go swimming tomorrow whether or
not it is cold.
Even if