International Journal of Computer Systems (ISSN: 2394-1065), Volume 03 Issue 02, February, 2016

Available at http://www.ijcsonline.com/

Review on Data Aggregation in Wireless Sensor Network

Sonia Sehgal, Anup Prakash Singh
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
Lovely Professional University,
Phagwara, Punjab, India

Abstract
Wireless sensor network use small sensor nodes with capabilities to sense, collect and transfer the information.
Deploying supplementary sensors nodes in a network reduce the resource constraint but increase the data redundancy.
Sensors node has limited battery power constraint. In wireless sensor network energy limitation is a major concern. The
communication between the sensor nodes is greedy factor for the energy consumption. One important mechanism to
reduce the energy consumption is the internetwork data aggregation. It preserves the energy by reducing redundant data
forwarding and data redundancy. Data aggregation has objectives to deliver data with accuracy and reduce the data
latency. In this article we present the various existing approaches on data aggregation. Latency reductions in Wireless
sensor network approaches are also define.
Keywords: Wireless sensor network, data aggregation, protocols in data aggregation, Latency.

I.

INTRODUCTION

Wireless sensor network is composed from a large

number of sensor nodes and one or more base stations are
deployed in area called sensing field. The nodes in a
network are communicated by a wireless communication
channel. Sensor network also contain a sink node which
communicate with the outside world. The sensor nodes
used in Wireless Sensor network have these capabilities:
To sense data, Process the data and Transfer that data to the
other sensor nodes. The sensor nodes in Wireless Sensor
network having the limited computation power and
communicate on short distance. Sensor nodes are deployed
in remote areas for monitoring the physical environment.
Base station is used to communicate with the sensor nodes.
Base station is storage medium where the information
contain by the sensor nodes are store. Users communicate
with the base station for collecting the information. In
sensor network the nodes have limited energy. To save the
energy of nodes Data Aggregation is used. Data
Aggregation is perform in a sensor network. In data
aggregation the one node is selected as a aggregated node
this node collect data from different nodes and then send
data to the sink node. The aggregation function is used to
aggregate the data are minimum, maximum, average and
sum. Data aggregation has the following benefits:
It Saves the energy
Reduce Data Redundancy
In wireless sensor network Data Aggregation provide
the many benefits .Data aggregation is used in almost every
wireless sensor network to save energy and reduce the data
redundancy in sensor network.

Fig 1: Wireless sensor network

In wireless sensor network the sensor nodes are
responsible for the collection of information. The
Architecture of sensor node is defined how the sensor work
and which component of sensor node do which work. the
architecture of node in WSN is shown in this architecture
the microprocessor manage all the tasks. Sensor nodes
sense the environment. Memory in node made up to store
the provisional data or data during data dispensation a
broadcasting transceiver is present. The battery in a node
provide by every device. Batteries in sensor nodes are
provide the first charges of 10,000 joules. Battery must
provide lifetime by all devices. In wireless sensor network
due to limited battery constraint the need for energy
efficient techniques.

90 | International Journal of Computer Systems, ISSN-(2394-1065), Vol. 03, Issue 02, February, 2016

Sonia Sehgal et al

Review on Data Aggregation in wireless Sensor Network

III.

LITRATURE REVIEW

Xiangqian Chen, Kia Makki, Yen and Niki Pissinou [1]

In WSN the data aggregation require the security to the
data which is transmitted to the aggregated node and also
that data which is contain by a sensor node. There are
various security issues. It includes the confidentiality,
integrity, secure routing, secure location, attack detection
and prevention, cryptography, key management, secure
data fusion. The main focus is on the confidentiality and
integrity of the data. Confidentiality provides using the
encryption techniques. Integrity is the data transfer without
alteration.

Fig 2: Architecture of Sensor nodes

II.

APPLICATIONS OF WIRELESS SENSOR

NETWORK

Wireless Sensor has many applications.

applications are divided into three categories.

Monitoring the object.

Monitoring of an area.

Monitoring of both area and objects.

These

Monitoring the area applications are environmental and

habitat monitoring, precision agriculture, military
surveillance, indoor climate control, treaty verification,
intelligent alarms.
Monitoring the objects applications are structural
monitoring, Eco-physiology, condition based monitoring,
medical diagnostic, urban terrain mapping.
Monitoring interaction between the object and space are
disaster management, emergency response, health care,
asset tracking, and manufacturing process flow.
Wireless sensor network provide applications in
different areas. It is used for security for health monitoring
and entertainment. Wireless sensor network has used in
different fields.

Fig 3: Applications of wireless sensor network

Wang Jinghua, He Huan, Chen Bo, Chen Yuanyan,

Guan Tingting [2] Ant colony algorithm is used in wireless
sensor network. In this approach the source nodes send data
to the single sink node. Dijkastra algorithm is used for
counting the hops for all the nodes to the sink nodes.ACA
is successfully used in Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP)
and Network routing Problem (NRP). In ACA the
Euclidean distance formula is used to compute the distance
from source node to sink node. Tree structure is used in this
approach. The root node is the sink node and leaf nodes are
the source nodes. Artificial ants are assigned to the source
nodes. In this algorithm the ants will find the low latency
path to the sink node. This algorithm provides the global
optimal path.
M. Bala Krishan[3] Data aggregation is imperative
method, used in sensor network. The objectives of data
aggregation are energy efficiency, data accuracy, and
aggregation freshness. These objectives are should be
followed in the creation of data aggregation protocols.
Attributes in data aggregation protocols are latency,
energy, node scheduling, cluster size, role of cluster head,
data rate. Structure free data aggregation protocols use
random methods to aggregate the data. Time based
protocols in WSN are divided into the delay constraint and
the latency constraint. The delay constraint data
aggregation use the gateway node equipped with the
energy and signal strength of the sensor node. Latency
constrained aggregation is based on delay of data packets
which are move to sink node structure-based data
aggregation use maintenance cost due to topology
structure.

Fig 4: Classification of data Aggregation in WSN

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Sonia Sehgal et al

Review on Data Aggregation in wireless Sensor Network

Wenbo He, Hoang Nguyen,Xue Liu,Klara Nahrstedt,

Tarek Abdelzaher [4] Data aggregation in wireless sensor
network has two main challenges are protecting data
integrity and data privacy. This approach the data
aggregation accuracy and communication overhead
compare with the data aggregation scheme known as TAG.
Integrity protecting private data aggregation scheme is
work on tree structure. Each node belongs to a single
aggregation tree in a network. if a node is corrupted due to
attack then only the aggregated result are affected. At the
base station all result are stored and the comparison is
execute and the verification of data is done. The results are
implemented on ns2 tool.
Ravindra Bista, Hye-Kyeom Yoo, and Jea-Woo Chang
[5] Integrity -Protecting Private Data aggregation scheme
focus on data privacy and integrity protection in single
application. This iPDA method is bear two problems. High
communication and computation cost. The improved
technology use the complex numbers for achieving
sensitive data aggregation protects the integrity of the data.
MATLAB is used to compute the result. In this approach
there is no need to decrypt data on a leaf node. Encryption
is done using 24 modular additions 24 bit- wise XOR and
left rotation for data integrity.
aobing Wang and John S. Baras [6] This technology is
accepted in todays world. It changes the use of electric
power system. This technology uses the tiny sensor nodes
for gathering information. Make the WSN as a vital for
smart grid. This paper provides the solution for the physical
interference problems. Results are prove it theoretically as
well as practically. Work is done on Minimum Latency
Aggregation Scheduling (MLAS) problem in WSN .The
work is done on the assumptions latency bound is consider
for this solution. It also provides the solution to shortest
path or longest path. This algorithm reduces the latency.
Simulation result is shown that latency is reduced. The
nodes are distributed. This algorithm achieves latency in
O(log3n) and O(log4). Load balancing techniques are also
discussed for saving power of the nodes.
In MLAS problem to implement a transmission
schedule for all nodes show that all data received truly and
minimize the transmission. The data packets are transfer in
one time slot.
Under physical model in wireless sensor network are:
Transmission scheduling, routing tree construction, Power
assignment Tianbo Wang, C. W. [7] Latency and energy
consumption are key factors in data transmission. Solving
these issues in WSN data aggregation is used. A noble data
aggregation algorithm is proposed in this paper. This
algorithm is design by taking the references of LEACH
protocol. LEACH is low energy adaptive clustering
hierarchy. These protocols reduce the power usages. The
proposed algorithms consider the factors are latency and
energy efficiency. The study of bilayer-based data
aggregation is done, which be able to divide the wireless
network to two layers and each layer has diverse number of
cluster heads optimized. Members of cluster send data to
their head node. Head node is communicated with
aggregated node and aggregated node is communicated
with base station. . The power saving algorithm are used to
reduce the amount of transmitted data. In This network
delay is of two types inter cluster delay and intra cluster

delay. The latency model is based on following statements:

The inter-cluster communication is based on CSMA.
TDMA is intra-cluster transmission.
Neng-Chung Wang, Yung-Kuei Chiang, Chih-Hung
Hsieh, and Young-Long Chen[8] In this paper 2D logical
grid of cell is used. The node with more residual energy is
act as aggregated node. This node is a cell head. Further
chain is created and the cell head with more residual energy
is selected as a chain leader. This paper shows the
comparison of GBDSN with PEGASIS. Result show that
GBDSN provide better result then PEGASIS.
Gagandeep kaur, Sukhwinder Singh Saran,Navjot Kaur
[9] This paper also provide the solution to the latency in
data aggregation. Clustering approach is used. Cluster is
group of nodes. Cluster head is aggregate the data. Data is
aggregated from two streams. Local stream is obtaining
data from non dominating nodes in cluster region.
Preaggregated stream collect data from local cluster heads.
The factors considered is transmission delay, throughput,
network load, packet delivery ratio, packet loss.ns2
simulator is used for producing the results. Regional
aggregator model is used.
kangmakki, k. y.[10]Sink mobility is a major challenge
in large scale sensor network. The information of each
mobile sink site is transfer from sensor to other nodes in a
network and information is updated. When the information
is updated regularly in multiple sinks then the use of
battery requirement is more which create a challenge in a
network. If there is use multiple sinks then the collision in
wireless communication. The solution to this problem is
two- tier data transmission. This mechanism provides
scalability and able data delivery to several mobile sink
nodes. Two tier data dissemination is working on grid
structure in WSN. In this approach the mobile sinks
continuously receive data is flooded in local unit. Two-tier
dissemination approach is work on where sensor nodes are
stationary and location aware to manage the grid structure
with low overhead. The results are produce by the
experiment. Two tier dissemination approaches manage the
multiple mobile sink efficiently with the performance
compare to the stationary nodes in wireless sensor network.
This two tier approaches is work on the multiple sink nodes
in wireless sensor network

IV.

FUTURE WORK AND CONCLUSION

Data aggregation in Wireless sensor network is a

process to reduce the data redundancy and save energy of
the sensor node. There are various protocols design for data
aggregation. Data Aggregation provides solution to
different problems but it has a one problem called latency.
Latency is a time delay when aggregated node has to wait
for long time for data from the sensor node. It create
problem for time specific applications. We work on
reducing latency in data aggregation in sensor network. We
work with grid architecture to reduce latency. Our
algorithm provides solution to latency in data aggregation.
We study the different approaches and provide new
solution from these protocols.

92 | International Journal of Computer Systems, ISSN-(2394-1065), Vol. 03, Issue 02, February, 2016

Sonia Sehgal et al

Review on Data Aggregation in wireless Sensor Network

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93 | International Journal of Computer Systems, ISSN-(2394-1065), Vol. 03, Issue 02, February, 2016