Beamst

ANSYS ASAS Help
ANSYS, Inc.
Southpointe
275 Technology Drive
Canonsburg, PA 15317
ansysinfo@ansys.com
http://www.ansys.com
(T) 724-746-3304
(F) 724-514-9494
Release 12.1
November 2009
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9001:2008.
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Table of Contents
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST ................................................................................................................................. 1
Facilities in BEAMST ................................................................................................................................ 2
Selection of Members and Joints ...................................................................................................... 2
Section Properties for BEAMST .......................................................................................................... 2
Beam Local Axes Considerations ....................................................................................................... 3
Section Orientation .......................................................................................................................... 3
Member Stress Evaluation ................................................................................................................. 3
Loadcase Combinations, Orientation and Classification ..................................................................... 4
Code Checking in BEAMST ................................................................................................................ 4
Saving Results for Graphical Display .................................................................................................. 5
BEAMST Command Reference ................................................................................................................. 5
BEAMST Command Structures .......................................................................................................... 5
BEAMST Command Syntax .......................................................................................................... 5
BEAMST Command Data Types ................................................................................................... 6
BEAMST Command Special Symbols ........................................................................................... 7
BEAMST NOT Command Modifier ................................................................................................ 8
BEAMST Command Sets ................................................................................................................... 8
BEAMST Priority of Data Assignments .............................................................................................. 10
ABNO ............................................................................................................................................. 11
AISC ............................................................................................................................................... 12
ANSYS ............................................................................................................................................ 13
API ................................................................................................................................................. 14
BRIG ............................................................................................................................................... 16
BS59 ............................................................................................................................................... 16
CASE .............................................................................................................................................. 16
CB .................................................................................................................................................. 17
CHOR ............................................................................................................................................. 18
CMBV ............................................................................................................................................. 19
CMY/CMZ ....................................................................................................................................... 20
COMB ............................................................................................................................................. 20
COMPONENT .................................................................................................................................. 21
COOR ............................................................................................................................................. 22
DENT .............................................................................................................................................. 22
DESI ............................................................................................................................................... 23
DS449 ............................................................................................................................................ 25
EFFE ............................................................................................................................................... 26
ELEM .............................................................................................................................................. 26
ELEV ............................................................................................................................................... 27
END ................................................................................................................................................ 27
EXTR .............................................................................................................................................. 28
FILES .............................................................................................................................................. 28
FORC .............................................................................................................................................. 29
GAPD ............................................................................................................................................. 30
GRAV .............................................................................................................................................. 30
GROU ............................................................................................................................................. 31
HYDR ............................................................................................................................................. 31
ISO ................................................................................................................................................. 32
JOB ................................................................................................................................................ 32
JOIN ............................................................................................................................................... 33
LIBR ................................................................................................................................................ 34
Release 12.1 - 2009 SAS IP, Inc. All rights reserved. - Contains proprietary and confidential information
of ANSYS, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.
Published: 2009-09-28
iii
ANSYS ASAS Help

LIMIT .............................................................................................................................................. 34
MATE .............................................................................................................................................. 35
MCOF ............................................................................................................................................. 35
MFAC ............................................................................................................................................. 36
MLTF .............................................................................................................................................. 37
MOVE ............................................................................................................................................. 38
NORS ............................................................................................................................................. 38
NPD ............................................................................................................................................... 39
OPTI ............................................................................................................................................... 40
PHI ................................................................................................................................................. 40
POST .............................................................................................................................................. 41
PRIN ............................................................................................................................................... 42
PROF .............................................................................................................................................. 49
PROJECT ......................................................................................................................................... 50
QUAK ............................................................................................................................................. 51
RENU .............................................................................................................................................. 51
SAFE ............................................................................................................................................... 52
SAVE ............................................................................................................................................... 53
SEAR .............................................................................................................................................. 53
SECO .............................................................................................................................................. 54
SECT ............................................................................................................................................... 55
SELE ............................................................................................................................................... 56
SIMP ............................................................................................................................................... 56
SPEC .............................................................................................................................................. 57
STRU .............................................................................................................................................. 58
STUB .............................................................................................................................................. 58
SYST ............................................................................................................................................... 59
TEXT ............................................................................................................................................... 60
TITLE .............................................................................................................................................. 60
TOPO ............................................................................................................................................. 61
TYPE .............................................................................................................................................. 61
ULCF .............................................................................................................................................. 63
UNBR ............................................................................................................................................. 64
UNIT ............................................................................................................................................... 65
WAVE ............................................................................................................................................. 66
YIEL ................................................................................................................................................ 66
BEAMST AISC Theory ............................................................................................................................ 67
AISC Working Stress Design Allowable Member Stress Check (AISC WSD ALLO) ................................ 67
AISC WSD ALLO Overview ......................................................................................................... 67
AISC WSD ALLO Unity Check Report .......................................................................................... 71
AISC WSD ALLO Nomenclature .................................................................................................. 73
AISC WSD ALLO Nomenclature - Dimensional ...................................................................... 73
AISC WSD ALLO Nomenclature - Acting Stresses .................................................................. 74
AISC WSD ALLO Nomenclature - Allowable Stresses ............................................................. 74
AISC WSD Allowable Stresses and Unity Checks ......................................................................... 74
AISC WSD Allowable Stress Increase .................................................................................... 75
AISC WSD ALLO - Axial Tension Checks ................................................................................ 75
AISC WSD ALLO - Axial Compression Checks ........................................................................ 75
AISC WSD ALLO - Bending Checks ....................................................................................... 78
AISC WSD ALLO - Shear Checks ........................................................................................... 83
AISC WSD ALLO - Unity Checks ............................................................................................ 85
AISC WSD ALLO - Combined Stress Unity Checks ................................................................. 86
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ANSYS ASAS Help

AISC WSD ALLO - Combined Axial and Bending Unity Check ................................................ 87
AISC WSD ALLO - Bending Coefficient, Cb ............................................................................ 88
AISC WSD ALLO - Amplification Reduction Factors, Cmy, Cmz ................................................ 89
Spectral Loadcases and Automatic Signed Expansion Procedures ............................................. 90
Torsional Effects .................................................................................................................. 91
Axial Unity Check and the Axial Component of Combined Stress Buckle and Yield Unity
Checks ............................................................................................................................... 91
Local Axes Shear Unity Checks and Maximum Shear Unity Check for Tubular Sections .......... 91
Local Axes Pure Bending Unity Checks and Bending Components of Combined Stresses Yield
Unity Check ........................................................................................................................ 92
Unity Check Report for Shear, Pure Bending and Yield Unity Checks ..................................... 92
AISC Combined Stress Buckle Unity Check ........................................................................... 93
AISC Load and Resistance Factor Design Member Check (AISC LRFD MEMB) ..................................... 94
AISC LRFD MEMB Overview ....................................................................................................... 94
AISC LRFD Unity Check Report .................................................................................................. 97
AISC LRFD MEMB Nomenclature ............................................................................................... 99
AISC LRFD MEMB Nomenclature - Definition of Symbols ...................................................... 99
AISC LRFD MEMB Nomenclature - Dimensional ................................................................... 99
AISC LRFD MEMB Nomenclature - Acting Forces and Stresses ............................................. 100
AISC LRFD MEMB Nomenclature - Strengths and Utilisations .............................................. 100
AISC LRFD MEMB Nomenclature - Parameters .................................................................... 100
AISC LRFD MEMBER CHECKS ................................................................................................... 100
AISC LRFD - Partial Coefficients .......................................................................................... 101
AISC LRFD - Nominal Axial Tension Strength ...................................................................... 101
AISC LRFD - Nominal Axial Compressive Strength .............................................................. 101
AISC LRFD - Bending Strength ........................................................................................... 105
AISC LRFD - Major Axis Bending Strength .......................................................................... 105
AISC LRFD - Slender web ................................................................................................... 108
AISC LRFD - Minor Axis Bending Strength .......................................................................... 109
AISC LRFD - Bending Strength Box and RHS ....................................................................... 110
AISC LRFD - Bending Strength Tubes ................................................................................. 113
AISC LRFD MEMB - Shear ................................................................................................... 114
AISC LRFD MEMB - Unity Checks ........................................................................................ 115
AISC LRFD MEMB - Combined Stress Unity Checks ............................................................. 116
AISC LRFD MEMB - Bending Coefficient, Cb ........................................................................ 117
AISC LRFD MEMB - Amplification Reduction Factors, Cmy, Cmz ............................................ 119
AISC LRFD MEMBER CHECKS - 3rd Edition ................................................................................ 120
AISC LRFD - 3rd Edition - Partial Coefficients ...................................................................... 121
AISC LRFD - 3rd Edition - Nominal Axial Tension Strength ................................................... 121
AISC LRFD - 3rd Edition - Nominal Axial Compressive Strength ........................................... 121
AISC LRFD - 3rd Edition - Bending Strength ....................................................................... 125
AISC LRFD - 3rd Edition - Major Axis Bending Strength ....................................................... 125
AISC LRFD - 3rd Edition - Slender web ............................................................................... 128
AISC LRFD - 3rd Edition - Minor Axis Bending Strength ....................................................... 129
AISC LRFD - 3rd Edition - Bending Strength Box and RHS ................................................... 130
AISC LRFD - 3rd Edition - Bending Strength Tubes .............................................................. 132
AISC LRFD MEMB - Shear ................................................................................................... 133
AISC LRFD MEMB - Unity Checks ........................................................................................ 135
AISC LRFD MEMB - Combined Stress Unity Checks ............................................................. 136
AISC LRFD MEMB - Bending Coefficient, Cb ........................................................................ 137
AISC LRFD MEMB - Amplification Reduction Factors, Cmy, Cmz ............................................ 138
BEAMST API Theory ............................................................................................................................. 139
ANSYS ASAS Help

API Working Stress Design Allowable Member Stress Check (API WSD ALLO) .................................. 140
API WSD ALLO Overview ......................................................................................................... 140
API WSD ALLO Unity Check Report .......................................................................................... 143
API WSD ALLO Nomenclature .................................................................................................. 145
API WSD ALLO Nomenclature - Dimensional ...................................................................... 145
API WSD ALLO Nomenclature - Acting Section Forces and Stresses ..................................... 145
API WSD ALLO Nomenclature - Allowable Stresses and Unity Checks .................................. 145
API WSD ALLO Nomenclature - Parameters ........................................................................ 146
API WSD ALLO Stresses and Unity Checks ................................................................................ 146
API WSD ALLO Stress Increase ........................................................................................... 146
API WSD ALLO - Tension .................................................................................................... 146
API WSD ALLO - Compression ............................................................................................ 146
API WSD ALLO - Bending ................................................................................................... 147
API WSD ALLO - Shear ....................................................................................................... 148
API WSD ALLO - Unity Checks ............................................................................................ 148
API WSD ALLO - Combined Stresses ................................................................................... 149
Spectral Loadcases ................................................................................................................. 150
Torsional Effects ................................................................................................................ 150
Checks .............................................................................................................................. 150
Local Axes Shear Unity Checks and Maximum Shear Unity Check for Tubular Sections ........ 151
Unity Check ...................................................................................................................... 151
Unity Check Report for Shear, Pure Bending and Yield Unity Checks ................................... 152
API Combined Stress Buckle Unity Check ........................................................................... 152
API Hydrostatic Collapse Check (API WSD HYDR) ............................................................................ 153
API WSD HYDR Overview ........................................................................................................ 153
API Hydrostatic Unity Check Report ......................................................................................... 157
API WSD HYDR Nomenclature ................................................................................................. 157
API WSD HYDR Nomenclature - Dimensional ..................................................................... 157
API WSD HYDR Nomenclature - Acting Section Forces and Stresses .................................... 157
API WSD HYDR Nomenclature - Allowable Stresses and Unity Checks ................................. 157
API Allowable Stresses and Unity Checks ................................................................................. 158
API Allowable - Limit Checks ............................................................................................. 160
API Allowable - Elastic Hoop Buckling Stress Fhe ................................................................ 160
API Allowable - Critical Hoop Buckling Stress Fhc ............................................................... 161
API WSD - Allowable Critical Hoop Buckling Stress Fch ....................................................... 161
API WSD - Critical Axial Elastic Local Buckling Stress Fxe ..................................................... 161
API WSD - Allowable Axial Elastic Local Buckling Stress Faa ................................................ 161
API WSD - Inelastic Axial Elastic Local Buckling Stress Fxc ................................................... 162
API WSD - Hoop Compressive Unity Check UCH ................................................................. 162
API WSD - Axial Tension Unity Check UCT .......................................................................... 162
API WSD - Combined Compression and Hydrostatic Pressure Unity Check UCCH1/2 ............. 162
API WSD - Combined Tension and Hydrostatic Pressure Unity Check UCTH ......................... 163
API Joint Strength Check (API WSD JOIN) ....................................................................................... 163
API WSD JOIN Overview .......................................................................................................... 163
API WSD JOIN Check Report .................................................................................................... 166
API WSD JOIN Nomenclature ................................................................................................... 167
API WSD JOIN Nomenclature - Dimensional ....................................................................... 167
API WSD JOIN Nomenclature - Acting Forces and Stresses .................................................. 167
API WSD JOIN Nomenclature - Allowable Stresses and Unity Checks ................................... 167
API WSD JOIN Allowable Loads and Unity Checks .................................................................... 168
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ANSYS ASAS Help

API WSD JOIN Allowable - Basic Capacity ........................................................................... 168
API WSD JOIN Allowable - Strength Factor Qu ................................................................... 168
API WSD JOIN Allowable - Strength Factor Qf .................................................................... 169
API WSD JOIN - Joints with Thickened Cans ....................................................................... 169
API WSD JOIN - Nominal Load Unit Checks ........................................................................ 169
API WSD JOIN - Combined Axial and Bending Unity Checks ............................................... 170
Spectral Expansion for Joint Checks (API WSD JOIN) ................................................................. 170
API Punching Shear Joint Check (API WSD PUNC) ........................................................................... 171
API WSD PUNC Overview ........................................................................................................ 171
API Punching Shear Check Report ........................................................................................... 174
API WSD PUNC Nomenclature ................................................................................................. 175
API WSD PUNC Nomenclature - Dimensional ..................................................................... 175
API WSD PUNC Nomenclature - Acting Section Forces and Stresses .................................... 175
API WSD PUNC Nomenclature - Allowable Stresses and Unity Checks ................................. 175
API Allowable Punching Shear Stresses and Unity Checks ........................................................ 176
API Allowable - Acting Punching Shear Vp ......................................................................... 176
API Allowable - Chord Design Factor Qf ............................................................................. 176
API Allowable - Geometry and Load Factor Qq .................................................................. 177
API WSD - Allowable Punching Shear Vp ............................................................................ 178
API WSD - Punching Shear Unity Checks ........................................................................... 178
API WSD - Combined Axial and Bending Stress Unity Checks ............................................. 178
API WSD - Joint Strength Unity Check ............................................................................... 179
Spectral Expansion for Joint Checks (API PUNC) ....................................................................... 179
API Nominal Load Check (API WSD NOMI) ...................................................................................... 180
API WSD NOMI Overview ........................................................................................................ 180
API Nominal Load Check Report .............................................................................................. 183
API WSD NOMI Nomenclature ................................................................................................. 184
API WSD NOMI Nomenclature - Dimensional ..................................................................... 184
API WSD NOMI Nomenclature - Acting Forces and Stresses ................................................ 184
API WSD NOMI Nomenclature - Allowable Stresses and Unity Checks ................................. 185
API Allowable Nominal Loads and Unity Checks ....................................................................... 185
API Allowable - Chord Design Factor Qf ............................................................................. 185
API Allowable - Ultimate Strength Factor Qu ..................................................................... 186
API Allowable - Allowable Nominal Loads ......................................................................... 187
API WSD - Nominal Load Unity Checks .............................................................................. 187
API WSD - Combined Axial and Bending Unity Checks ....................................................... 187
API WSD - Interpolated Joints ........................................................................................... 188
API WSD - Joint Strength Unity Check ............................................................................... 188
Spectral Expansion for Joint Checks (API NOMI) ....................................................................... 188
API Load and Resistance Factor Design Allowable Member Stress Check (API LRFD MEMB) ............. 189
API LRFD MEMB Overview ....................................................................................................... 189
API LRFD MEMB Unity Check Report ........................................................................................ 193
API LRFD MEMB Nomenclature ............................................................................................... 194
API LRFD MEMB Nomenclature - Dimensional .................................................................... 194
API LRFD MEMB Nomenclature - Acting Section Stresses ................................................... 195
API LRFD MEMB Nomenclature - Allowable Stresses and Unity Checks ............................... 195
API LRFD MEMB Nomenclature - Parameters ...................................................................... 195
API LRFD Allowable Stresses and Unity Checks ........................................................................ 196
API LRFD Partial Coefficients ............................................................................................. 196
API LRFD - Allowable Tension Stress, Ft .............................................................................. 196
API LRFD - Allowable Compression Stress, Fa ..................................................................... 196
API LRFD - Allowable Bending Stress, Fb ............................................................................ 197
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ANSYS ASAS Help

API LRFD Allowable Shear Stress, Fv and Fvt ....................................................................... 198
API LRFD MEMB - Unity Checks .......................................................................................... 198
API LRFD MEMB - Combined Stresses ................................................................................ 199
Spectral Loadcases ................................................................................................................. 200
Torsional Effects ................................................................................................................ 200
Checks .............................................................................................................................. 200
Local Axes Shear Unity Checks and Maximum Shear Unity Check for Tubular Sections ........ 201
and Buckle Unity Checks ................................................................................................... 201
Unity Check Report for Spectral Cases ............................................................................... 201
API Combined Stress Buckle Unity Check (Buckle CSR) ....................................................... 201
API Load and Resistance Factor Design Hydrostatic Collapse Check (API LRFD HYDR) ..................... 202
API LRFD HYDR Overview ........................................................................................................ 202
API LRFD Hydrostatic Unity Check Report ................................................................................ 206
API LRFD HYDR Nomenclature ................................................................................................ 206
API LRFD HYDR Nomenclature - Dimensional .................................................................... 206
API LRFD HYDR Nomenclature - Acting Section Forces and Stresses ................................... 206
API LRFD HYDR Nomenclature - Allowable Stresses and Unity Checks ................................ 207
API LRFD HYDR Nomenclature - Parameters ....................................................................... 207
API LRFD - Allowable Stresses and Unity Checks ...................................................................... 207
API LRFD HYDR - Design Hydrostatic Pressure .................................................................... 208
API LRFD HYDR - Limit Checks ........................................................................................... 208
API LRFD HYDR - Elastic Hoop Buckling Stress Fhe ............................................................. 209
API LRFD HYDR - Allowable Elastic Hoop Buckling Stress Fha .............................................. 209
API LRFD HYDR - Critical Hoop Buckling Stress Fhc ............................................................. 210
API LRFD HYDR - Allowable Critical Hoop Buckling Stress Fch ............................................. 210
API LRFD HYDR - Critical Axial Elastic Local Buckling Stress Fxe ........................................... 210
API LRFD HYDR - Allowable Axial Elastic Local Buckling Stress Fxa ...................................... 210
API LRFD HYDR - Inelastic Axial Local Buckling Stress Fxc ................................................... 210
API LRFD HYDR - Allowable Inelastic Axial Local Buckling Stress Fca ................................... 211
API LRFD HYDR - Hoop Compressive Unity Check UCH ...................................................... 211
API LRFD HYDR - Allowable Tension Stress Ft ..................................................................... 211
API LRFD HYDR - Aloowable Axial Compression Stress Fa ................................................... 211
API LRFD HYDR - Allowable Bending Stress Fb ................................................................... 212
API LRFD HYDR - Axial Tension Check UCax ........................................................................ 212
API LRFD HYDR - Combined Tension and Hydrostatic Pressure Unity Check UCc ................. 213
API LRFD HYDR - Combined Compression and Hydrostatic Pressure Unity Checks .............. 213
API Load and Resistance Factor Design Nominal Load Check (API LRFD JOIN) ................................. 214
API LRFD JOIN Overview ......................................................................................................... 214
API LRFD JOIN Check Report ................................................................................................... 218
API LRFD JOIN Nomenclature .................................................................................................. 218
API LRFD JOIN Nomenclature - Dimensional ...................................................................... 218
API LRFD JOIN Nomenclature - Acting Forces and Stresses ................................................. 219
API LRFD JOIN Nomenclature - Allowable Stresses and Unity Checks .................................. 219
API LRFD JOIN Nomenclature - Parameters ........................................................................ 219
API Allowable Nominal Loads and Unity Checks ....................................................................... 220
API LRFD JOIN - Chord Design Factor Qf ............................................................................ 220
API LRFD JOIN - Ultimate Strength Factor Qu ..................................................................... 220
API LRFD JOIN - Allowable Nominal Loads ........................................................................ 221
API LRFD JOIN - Load Transfer Across Chords .................................................................... 222
API LRFD JOIN - Nominal Load Unity Checks ..................................................................... 222
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ANSYS ASAS Help

API LRFD JOIN - Combined Axial and Bending Unity Checks UCco ...................................... 222
API LRFD JOIN - Interpolated Joints .................................................................................. 223
API LRFD JOIN - Load Transfer Check UCx .......................................................................... 223
API LRFD JOIN - Joint Strength Unity Check UCjy ............................................................... 223
Spectral Expansion for Joint Checks (API LRFD) ........................................................................ 223
BEAMST BS59 Theory .......................................................................................................................... 225
BS5950 Allowable Member Check (BS59 MEMB) ............................................................................ 225
BS59 MEMB Overview ............................................................................................................. 225
BS59 Allowable Unity Check Report ........................................................................................ 228
BS59 MEMB Nomenclature ...................................................................................................... 229
BS59 MEMB Nomenclature - Dimensional .......................................................................... 229
BS59 MEMB Nomenclature - Acting Forces and Stresses ..................................................... 230
BS59 MEMB Nomenclature - Allowable Stresses and Unity Checks ...................................... 230
BS5950 Local Cross Section Checks ......................................................................................... 231
BS59 MEMB - Section Classification ................................................................................... 231
BS59 MEMB - Axial Tension Unity Check ............................................................................. 235
BS59 MEMB - Major Axis Shear Unity Check ....................................................................... 235
BS59 MEMB - Minor Axis Shear Unity Check ....................................................................... 235
BS59 MEMB - Major Axis Shear Unity Checks, Low Shear Load ............................................ 236
BS59 MEMB - Major Axis Shear Unity Checks, High Shear Load ........................................... 237
BS59 MEMB - Minor Axis Shear Unity Checks, Low Shear Load ............................................ 241
BS59 MEMB - Minor Axis Shear Unity Checks, High Shear Load ........................................... 242
BS59 MEMB - Axial Force plus Moment Unity Check ........................................................... 245
BS59 MEMB - Simplified Axial Force and Moment .............................................................. 251
BS5950 Overall Member Checks .............................................................................................. 252
BS59 MEMB - Major Axis Compressive Buckling ................................................................. 252
BS59 MEMB - Minor Axis Compressive Buckling ................................................................. 255
BS59 MEMB - Lateral Torsional Buckling ............................................................................. 256
BS59 MEMB - Overall Buckling ........................................................................................... 260
BS59 MEMB - Overall Buckling - Simplified Method ............................................................ 261
BS59 MEMB - Thin or Slender Webs .......................................................................................... 262
BEAMST DS44 Theory .......................................................................................................................... 264
DS449 Member Checks (DS44 MEMB) ............................................................................................ 265
DS44 MEMB Overview ............................................................................................................ 265
DS449 MEMB Unity Check Report ............................................................................................ 268
DS449 MEMB Nomenclature ................................................................................................... 268
DS449 MEMB Nomenclature - Dimensional ....................................................................... 268
DS449 MEMB Nomenclature - Acting Forces and Stresses .................................................. 269
DS449 MEMB Nomenclature - Allowable Stresses and Unity Checks ................................... 269
DS449 Member Unity Check Calculations ................................................................................ 270
DS449 MEMB - Partial Material Coefficients ........................................................................ 270
DS449 MEMB - von Mises Stress ........................................................................................ 270
DS449 MEMB - Total Buckling ............................................................................................ 271
DS449 MEMB - Local Buckling Axial and Bending Stresses .................................................. 272
DS449 MEMB - Local Buckling Hydrostatic Overpressure .................................................... 273
DS449 MEMB - Local Buckling Combined Actions .............................................................. 275
DS449 MEMB - Unity Check Values .................................................................................... 275
DS449 Joint Checks (DS44 JOIN) .................................................................................................... 276
DS44 JOIN Overview ............................................................................................................... 276
NPD JOIN Unity Check Report ................................................................................................. 279
DS449 JOIN Nomenclature ...................................................................................................... 279
DS449 JOIN Nomenclature - Dimensional .......................................................................... 279
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ANSYS ASAS Help

DS449 JOIN Nomenclature - Acting Forces and Stresses ..................................................... 280
DS449 JOIN Nomenclature - Allowable Stresses and Unity Checks ...................................... 280
DS449 JOIN Nomenclature - Parameters ............................................................................ 280
DS449 Joint Checks ................................................................................................................. 280
DS449 JOIN - Partial Material Coefficients .......................................................................... 281
DS449 JOIN - Critical Load Capacity ................................................................................... 281
DS449 JOIN - Joint Capacity .............................................................................................. 282
DS449 JOIN - Unity Checks ................................................................................................ 283
BEAMST NPD Theory ........................................................................................................................... 283
NPD and NS3472 Member Checks (NPD MEMB) ............................................................................. 283
NPD MEMB Overview .............................................................................................................. 283
NPD MEMB Unity Check Report ............................................................................................... 287
NPD MEMB Nomenclature ...................................................................................................... 287
NPD MEMB Nomenclature - Dimensional ........................................................................... 287
NPD MEMB Nomenclature - Acting Forces and Stresses ..................................................... 288
NPD MEMB Nomenclature - Allowable Stresses and Unity Checks ...................................... 289
NPD MEMB Nomenclature - Parameters ............................................................................. 289
NPD MEMB - Methods of von Mises stress calculation for NPD code checks .............................. 289
NPD MEMB - NPD and NS3472 Ultimate Limit State Compliance Checks ................................... 292
NPD 1992 Member Checks - Tubular Members ........................................................................ 293
NPD MEMB - Material and Structural Coefficients ............................................................... 293
NPD MEMB - von Mises Unity Check .................................................................................. 293
NPD MEMB - Elastic Buckling Resistance for Unstiffened Cylindrical Shells .......................... 293
NPD MEMB - Global Buckling Check .................................................................................. 295
NPD Member Checks - Non-Tubular Members ......................................................................... 297
NPD MEMB - Material and Structural Coefficients ............................................................... 297
NPD MEMB - Global Buckling ............................................................................................ 297
NPD MEMB - Torsional Buckling ......................................................................................... 299
NPD MEMB - Lateral Buckling ............................................................................................ 300
NPD MEMB - Unity Check Values ....................................................................................... 301
NPD Joint Checks (NPD JOIN) ........................................................................................................ 302
NPD JOIN Overview ................................................................................................................ 302
NPD JOIN Unity Check Report ................................................................................................. 305
NPD JOIN Nomenclature ......................................................................................................... 305
NPD JOIN Nomenclature - Dimensional ............................................................................. 305
NPD JOIN Nomenclature - Acting Forces and Stresses ........................................................ 306
NPD JOIN Nomenclature - Allowable Stresses, Capacities and Unity Checks ........................ 306
NPD JOIN Nomenclature - Parameters ............................................................................... 306
NPD 1992 Joint Checks ........................................................................................................... 306
NPD JOIN - Nominal Longitudinal Chord Stress .................................................................. 306
NPD JOIN - Characteristic Capacities .................................................................................. 306
NPD JOIN - Unity Checks ................................................................................................... 308
BEAMST NORSOK Theory .................................................................................................................... 308
NORSOK Member Code Check (NORS MEMB) ................................................................................ 308
NORS MEMB Overview ............................................................................................................ 308
NORSOK MEMB Unity Check Report ........................................................................................ 311
NORS MEMB Nomenclature .................................................................................................... 312
NORS MEMB Nomenclature - Dimensional ......................................................................... 312
NORS MEMB Nomenclature - Acting Section Stresses ......................................................... 312
NORS MEMB Nomenclature - Design Strengths and Unity Checks ...................................... 312
NORS MEMB Nomenclature - Parameters ........................................................................... 313
NORSOK Design Strengths and Unity Checks ........................................................................... 313
ANSYS ASAS Help

Design Tension Strength, Nt .............................................................................................. 313
Design Compression Strength, Na ..................................................................................... 314
Design Bending Strength, MR ........................................................................................... 315
Design Shear Strengths, VR and MTR .................................................................................. 315
Material Factor, m ............................................................................................................ 315
NORS MEMB - Unity Checks ............................................................................................... 316
NORS MEMB - Combined Forces ........................................................................................ 317
NORSOK Hydrostatic Member Collapse Checks (NORS HYDR) ......................................................... 318
NORS HYDR Overview ............................................................................................................. 318
NORSOK Hydrostatic Collapse Member Unity Check Report ..................................................... 320
NORS HYDR Nomenclature ..................................................................................................... 323
NORS HYDR Nomenclature - Dimensional ......................................................................... 323
NORS HYDR Nomenclature - Acting Section Forces and Stresses ........................................ 323
NORS HYDR Nomenclature - Allowable Stresses and Unity Checks ..................................... 323
NORS HYDR Nomenclature - Parameters ............................................................................ 324
NORSOK Unity Checks ............................................................................................................ 324
NORS HYDR - Design Hydrostatic Pressure ........................................................................ 324
NORS HYDR - Limit Checks ................................................................................................ 325
NORS HYDR - Elastic Hoop Buckling Strength, fhe .............................................................. 325
NORS HYDR - Characteristic Hoop Buckling Strength, fh .................................................... 326
NORS HYDR - Hoop Compressive Unity Check, UCh ........................................................... 326
NORS HYDR - Combined Tension and Hydrostatic Pressure Unity Check ............................ 327
NORS HYDR - Combined Compression and Hydrostatic Pressure Unity Check .................... 328
NORSOK Joint Strength Checks (NORS JOIN) .................................................................................. 330
NORS JOIN Overview .............................................................................................................. 330
API Joint Check Report ............................................................................................................ 334
NORS JOIN Nomenclature ....................................................................................................... 335
NORS JOIN Nomenclature - Dimensional ........................................................................... 335
NORS JOIN Nomenclature - Acting Forces and Stresses ...................................................... 335
NORS JOIN Nomenclature - Allowable Forces, Moments, Stresses and Unity Checks ............ 335
NORS JOIN Nomenclature - Parameters ............................................................................. 336
NORSOK Design Strengths and Unity Checks ........................................................................... 336
NORS JOIN - Chord Action Factor, Qf ................................................................................. 336
NORS JOIN - Strength Factor Qu ........................................................................................ 336
NORS JOIN - Characteristic Resistances ............................................................................. 338
NORS JOIN - Combined Axial and Bending Unity Checks .................................................... 338
NORS JOIN - Interpolated Joints .............................................................................................. 338
BEAMST ISO Theory ............................................................................................................................ 339
ISO Member Code Check (ISO MEMB) ............................................................................................ 339
ISO MEMB Overview ............................................................................................................... 339
ISO Allowable Unity Check Report ........................................................................................... 345
ISO MEMB Nomenclature ........................................................................................................ 347
ISO MEMB Nomenclature - Dimensional ............................................................................ 347
ISO MEMB Nomenclature - Acting Section Stresses ............................................................ 347
ISO MEMB Nomenclature - Design Strengths and Unity Checks .......................................... 348
ISO MEMB Nomenclature - Parameters .............................................................................. 348
ISO Design Strengths and Unity Checks ................................................................................... 348
Design Tension Strength, Ft .............................................................................................. 348
Design Compression Strength, Fc ...................................................................................... 349
Design Bending Strength, Fb ............................................................................................ 350
Design Shear Strengths, Fv and Fve .................................................................................... 351
ISO MEMB - Unity Checks .................................................................................................. 351
xi
ANSYS ASAS Help

ISO MEMB - Combined Forces ........................................................................................... 352
ISO Design Strengths and Unity Checks for Dented Members .................................................. 353
Dent Parameters .............................................................................................................. 353
Design Tension Strength, Ftd, for Dented Members ............................................................ 353
Design Compression Strength, Fcd, for Dented Members ................................................... 354
Design Bending Strength, Fbd, for Dented Members .......................................................... 355
Design Shear Strengths, Fvd and Fved, for Dented Members ................................................ 356
ISO MEMB - Unity Checks for Dented Members .................................................................. 357
ISO MEMB - Combined Forces for Dented Members ........................................................... 358
ISO Hydrostatic Member Collapse Checks (ISO HYDR) .................................................................... 359
ISO HYDR Overview ................................................................................................................ 359
ISO Hydrostatic Unity Check Reports ....................................................................................... 367
ISO HYDR Nomenclature ......................................................................................................... 368
ISO HYDR Nomenclature - Dimensional ............................................................................. 368
ISO HYDR Nomenclature - Acting Section Forces and Stresses ............................................ 368
ISO HYDR Nomenclature - Allowable Stresses and Unity Checks ......................................... 368
ISO HYDR Nomenclature - Parameters ............................................................................... 369
ISO Unity Checks ..................................................................................................................... 369
ISO HYDR - Design Hydrostatic Pressure ............................................................................ 370
ISO HYDR - Limit Checks .................................................................................................... 370
ISO HYDR - Elastic Hoop Buckling Strength, fhe .................................................................. 371
ISO HYDR - Characteristic Hoop Buckling Strength, fh ........................................................ 372
ISO HYDR - Hoop Compressive Unity Check, UCh ............................................................... 372
ISO HYDR - Combined Tension and Hydrostatic Pressure Unity Check ................................ 372
ISO HYDR - Combined Compression and Hydrostatic Pressure Unity Check ........................ 374
ISO Joint Strength Check (ISO JOIN) ............................................................................................... 378
ISO JOIN Overview .................................................................................................................. 378
API Joint Check Report ............................................................................................................ 381
ISO JOIN Nomenclature ........................................................................................................... 382
ISO JOIN Nomenclature - Dimensional ............................................................................... 382
ISO JOIN Nomenclature - Acting Forces and Stresses .......................................................... 382
ISO JOIN Nomenclature - Allowable Stresses and Unity Checks .......................................... 383
ISO Joint Strengths and Unity Checks ...................................................................................... 383
ISO JOIN - Chord Action Factor, Qf ..................................................................................... 383
ISO JOIN - Strength Factor Qu ........................................................................................... 384
ISO JOIN - Characteristic Resistances ................................................................................. 385
ISO JOIN - Nominal Load Unity Checks ............................................................................... 386
ISO JOIN - Combined Axial and Bending Unity Checks ....................................................... 386
ISO JOIN - Interpolated Joints .................................................................................................. 387
BEAMST POST Theory ......................................................................................................................... 387
POST Command Data (POST) ........................................................................................................ 387
POST Overview ....................................................................................................................... 387
BEAMST Appendices ........................................................................................................................... 389
Section Descriptions ..................................................................................................................... 389
TUB - Tubes of Circular Sections ............................................................................................... 390
FBI - Fabricated I-Section ......................................................................................................... 393
WF - Wide Flanged Rolled I-Section ......................................................................................... 394
RHS - Rolled Hollow Section .................................................................................................... 395
BOX - Fabricated Box Section .................................................................................................. 396
PRI - Solid Rectangular Section ................................................................................................ 397
CHAN - ChannelSection .......................................................................................................... 398
TEE - Tee Section ..................................................................................................................... 399
xii
ANSYS ASAS Help

ANGL - Angle Section .............................................................................................................. 400
Graphical Display of BEAMST Results ............................................................................................. 400
BEAMST Plot Files ................................................................................................................... 401
Presenting BEAMST Results in FEMVIEW .................................................................................. 405
Member Force Results ....................................................................................................... 405
Member Unity Check Results ............................................................................................. 406
Joint Unity Check Results .................................................................................................. 407
Using BEAMST in Stand-alone Mode .............................................................................................. 408
BEAMST References ...................................................................................................................... 409
xiii
xiv
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

BEAMST is a post-processing program designed specifically for processing the results of engineering beam
elements analysed by ASAS (Linear or Non-Linear), RESPONSE, LOCO and ANSYS Mechanical.
There are three options available in BEAMST:
Post-processing alone
Post-processing plus code checking
Stand-alone post-processing plus code checking
The Post-processing facility allows individual members to be selected for further processing. This includes
the formation of factored and combined loadcases, calculation of forces and stresses at intermediate points
along the member and presentation of results on an element by element basis.
The code checking facilities include all the functionality of the standard post-processing together with extensive code checking procedures for the following engineering codes of practice:
American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) Specification for Structural Steel Buildings. Allowable
Stress Design and Plastic Design.
American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) Load and Resistance Factor Design Specification for
Structural Steel Buildings.
American Petroleum Institute (API) Recommended Practice for Planning, Designing, and Constructing
Fixed Offshore Platforms - Working Stress Design, RP2A-WSD.
American Petroleum Institute (API) Recommended Practice for Planning, Designing, and Constructing
Fixed Offshore Platforms - Load and Resistance Factor Design, RP2A-LRFD.
Danish Regulations for Pile Supported Offshore Steel Structures (DOR), comprising:
Dansk Ingenirforenings Code of Practice for Pile Supported Offshore Steel Structures, DS449.
Dansk Ingenirforenings Code of Practice for the Structural use of Steel, DS412.
Norwegian Petroleum Directorate (NPD), Acts, regulations and provisions for the petroleum activity.
NS3472 E Steel Structures - Design Rules.
British Standard BS5950: Part 1: Structural use of steelwork in building.
NORSOK: Design of Steel structures
International Standard ISO 19902: Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries - Fixed Steel Offshore Structures.
The program has been designed to facilitate the incorporation of other codes of practice and report formats.
The stand-alone facility includes all the above functionality together with additional input commands to allow
member geometry and results to be entered from sources other than the standard ASAS database. This enables
the comprehensive facilities of BEAMST to be used either in a design context or to process results from
other analysis systems.
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

For all versions the results may be written out to plotfiles for graphical display in FEMVIEW or the database
saved for use with the ASAS Visualiser.
Facilities in BEAMST
Selection of Members and Joints
BEAMST allows selective processing of individual members and joints. This allows successive runs of BEAMST
to target problem areas, printing more detailed check data and examining the effect of local changes in
section dimensions.
The elements to be processed may be selected by reference to individual user element numbers using the
ELEM command or by groups of elements using the GROU command. These commands may be used together
or individually to build up a complete set of elements to be processed. Elements may also be removed from
a previously defined set by using a NOT ELEM command. Used on its own the NOT ELEM command invokes
all the elements except those listed.
Joints are referenced by the number of the node or, in the case of API WSD JOIN and ISO JOIN, a maximum
of 3 nodes forming the joint. The elements attached to each node are assumed to be the members forming
the joint. It is possible to define which of these are chord and brace members and any elements not to be
considered as part of the joint. The joints to be processed are selected using the JOIN command to specify
the nodes included for joint checks in a similar fashion to the ELEM command above.
Section Properties for BEAMST

The calculation of extreme fibre stresses for beams requires more information than is necessary for the basic
structural analysis. The determination of forces in ASAS only needs areas and inertias to be specified,
whereas the calculation of stresses in BEAMST requires section dimensions. The additional information can
come from one of two sources:
1.
If sections have been utilised in the ASAS analysis, either directly or from an external section library,
the dimensions will be automatically accessed by BEAMST. No further input is necessary (except to
define the library name, if appropriate).
2.
If sections were not used in the ASAS analysis, or if it is required to modify those specified for the
structural definition, a DESI command is necessary. Note that changing the section may alter the section
stiffness to a degreee where the analysis results become invalid. In such a case, a full re-analysis should
be performed, using the updated sections.
Section types CHAN, TEE and ANG are only available for force and stress post-processing. No facility as yet
exists for code checking these section profiles.
The conventions used for choosing which properties are used in the computations are as follows:
a.
All section areas (Ax, Ay, Az) and inertias (Ix, Iy, Iz) (geometric properties) available from the preceding
ASAS analysis are chosen initially. All quantities not available default to zero.
b.
If sections have been utilised in the ASAS analysis, section dimensions (d, b, tw, etc.) specified are
chosen initially. In the case of a TUBE element section dimensions default to those from ASAS. Any
non TUBE elements not assigned to sections will require DESI commands.
c.
All section dimensions (d, b, tw, etc.) assigned using DESI commands in BEAMST override the respective
values adopted in (b) above if appropriate. Beam extreme fibre distances are based on these settings.
Flexural properties associated with DESI information will also override the respective values adopted
Member Stress Evaluation

in (a) above. All optional properties not specified on the DESI command such as radii of gyration default
to zero at this time.
d.
Any section area or inertia not available from the preceding ASAS run is calculated according to the
section type as described in Section Descriptions (p. 389) of this manual.
Beam Local Axes Considerations

For any beam analysis it is critical that the local axes for beams are defined correctly. BEAMST uses a subset
of three ASAS beam elements, ie BEAM, BM3D and TUBE elements. The method of defining the local axes
varies according to the beam type as follows:
1.
The local X axis for all beam types is along the beam neutral axis from end1 towards end2. Thus the
moments of inertia are about the local Y and Z axes.
2.
For the BEAM element the direction of the local Y and Z axes is predefined according to the orientation
of the element itself as follows:
Local Z always lies in the global XY plane with local Y positive on the positive side of the global XY
plane. If the local Y is also in the global XY plane (ie the element is parallel to the global Z axis) then
the local Y lies in the global Y direction.
3.
For the BM3D and TUBE elements the direction of the local Y and Z axes may be defined explicitly in
the ASAS geometric data for the element.
The default axes definition of the BEAM element means its use with BEAMST should be restricted to models
with the global Z vertically upwards and to the following cases:
a.
A horizontal member with the section depth (d) (local Y axis) vertical.
b.
A vertical member with the section depth (d) (local Y axis) in the global Y direction.
c.
A sloping member with the section width (b) (local Z axis) horizontal.
For all other cases BM3D and TUBE element types should be used. A TUBE element may only be used to
model tubular elements.
Section Orientation
As a general rule the section depth (d) is parallel to the elements local Y direction and the section width
(b) to the elements local Z direction.
For BOX, RHS and PRI the section depth (d) is always the larger dimension and the section width (b) the
smaller. For I sections, Izz should be the strong axis inertia and Iyy the weak axis inertia. BEAMST will then
assume that the web is in the local XY plane. The resulting BEAMST Izz will then equate to the Ixx values as
listed in standard section tables (and the BEAMST Iyy equates to the Iyy values).
Member Stress Evaluation

For beam elements, ASAS produces force and moment results at the ends of the element only. The element
nodal results may be supplemented by force, moment and stress results at discrete sections along the element
defined by the SECT command. These intermediate results are calculated from the end forces and moments
together with any applied point or distributed member loading. Intermediate results are also calculated
automatically at the position of step changes in cross-section properties.
Extreme fibre stresses are calculated depending on the cross-section type associated with the beam (e.g. I,
BOX, CHAN, etc). If sections have been utilised in the ASAS analysis, the shape and dimensions will automatRelease 12.1 - 2009 SAS IP, Inc. All rights reserved. - Contains proprietary and confidential information
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

ically be picked up from the data base. Where sections have not already been specified, DESI commands
must be included to define the additional information required. The methods used to evaluate the stresses
for each section type are detailed in Appendix D.
Loadcase Combinations, Orientation and Classification

BEAMST accesses the results from the loadcases analysed in the preceding ASAS, RESPONSE or LOCO run.
These loadcases are referred to as basic loadcases in BEAMST. Individual basic loadcases may be selected for
processing using the CASE command.
Further loadcases may be created in BEAMST by factoring and combining the basic loadcases to form combined
loadcases. These combined cases are defined from basic loadcases using the COMB and CMBV commands.
The CMBV command allows a number of different combination methods to be used.
BEAMST processes all selected basic loadcases in increasing user loadcase number order followed by all selected combined loadcases in the order that they are defined in.
In order to process the basic loadcases, BEAMST needs to know the origin of the loadcase. By default this is
assumed to be a static analysis. Unsigned basic loadcases from a response spectrum analysis should be
specified on a SPEC command to indicate their origin. Response spectrum loadcases may, however, be
treated as linear static if so desired.
For the purposes of checking members to AISC WSD and API design codes, (and joints to API) and joints
to API any basic loadcase specified as spectral will be subject to the automatic signed expansion procedure
described in Spectral Loadcases and Automatic Signed Expansion Procedures (p. 90), whereby the unsigned
member forces are systematically assigned all possible signed values. For such cases BEAMST will establish
and report the signed expansion which maximises each unity check as appropriate. When a combined
loadcase has more than one spectral basic loadcase constituent the unsigned basic loadcases are combined
prior to the application of the signed expansion procedure.
Combined Loadcases which involve static-spectral summation should not be formed in a previous LOCO
run. In such cases a LOCO run should be used to factor and combine the static components and to separately
include, but not combine, the spectral components. BEAMST should then be used to combine the final
static and spectral components together. This method of combining results between LOCO and BEAMST is
the most efficient way of performing such combinations. The BYUE Option must be used in LOCO during
this process.
Allowable stresses in working stress design codes may be increased above those appropriate to Ordinary
conditions for Extreme/Storm and Earthquake/Seismic conditions. Any basic loadcase or combined loadcase
selected in BEAMST for reporting may be specified as being of the Extreme or Earthquake Type using the
EXTR and QUAK commands respectively.
Code Checking in BEAMST

BEAMST may be used to assess beam structures against a number of engineering design codes.
The choice of code is made by supplying a code header command followed by data relevant for the code
check. A single BEAMST run may process a number of different code checks by simply appending the data
for each in the datafile. Details of this are given in BEAMST Command Sets (p. 8).
The code checks fall into two types, member and joint checks. Member checks examine the stress levels
within individual members taking into account the cross-section. The stress levels are calculated at the
member ends, the position of any steps in cross-section dimension and any intermediate points specified
BEAMST Command Structures

in the data (SECT command). The member checks consider both the static stress levels and buckling failure
modes.
Joint checks examine the stresses around the intersection of tubular members and consider such effects as
yield and punching shear.
Detailed description of each type of code check may be found from BEAMST AISC Theory (p. 67) onwards of
this manual.
Saving Results for Graphical Display

Results from BEAMST may be saved on a plot file for subsequent graphical presentation in FEMVIEW or
opened in the ASAS Visualiser program. Within these programs the results may be presented as bending
moment and shear force diagrams in two forms:
Bending moment and shear force diagrams
Unity check values superimposed on the mesh
A more detailed description of the plot files is given in Graphical Display of BEAMST Results (p. 400).
BEAMST Command Reference

As with other programs of the ASAS suite, the input of information and data is divided into two sections.
The first is the Preliminary Data followed by the main BEAMST Data.
The Preliminary Data defines the relationship of the run to all the other runs already completed in the project,
the backing files required and also specifies the title of the run. If subsequent processing is required after
BEAMST, the data to be saved from the run must also be defined in the Preliminary Data. The full details of
these commands are given in BEAMST Command Sets (p. 8) of this manual.

BEAMST Command Syntax
Each command consists of a command word followed by a number of parameters and, where applicable,
an assignment list to which the parameters are attributed. This is shown diagramatically as follows:
Within each command line, each horizontal branch represents a possible input instruction. Input instructions
are composed of keywords (shown in UPPER-CASE characters), numerical values or alphanumerics (shown
in lower-case characters) and special symbols (see BEAMST Command Data Types (p. 6) and BEAMST Command
Special Symbols (p. 7)). Each item in the list is separated from each other by a comma or one or more blank
spaces.
Only the first four characters of a command are interpreted. Thus the following commands will produce the
same results.
EFFE 2.0 ELEM ALL
EFFECTIVE_LENGTH 2.0 ELEM ALL
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

EFFECTIVE 2.0 ELEM ALL
Some data lines require an integer or real list to be input where length is variable. This is shown by a horizontal arrow around the list variable:
Optional data items are indicated by an arrow which bypasses the item(s):
Alternatively, where optional items are part of a list of values they may be represented by enclosing brackets:
Where one or more possible alternative items may appear in the line, these are shown by separate branches
for each. These branches may rejoin further along the command if appropriate:
An input line must not be longer than 80 characters.
BEAMST Command Data Types

Data is entered in three forms:
a.
Integer Number and Lists

If an integer number is required a decimal point must not be supplied. When a list of integer numbers
is required, the following abbreviations may be used:
i.
Where the integer list represents all items from an existing list (for example, choosing all groups
for processing) the list may be replaced by the word ALL. For example:
GROU ALL generates all possible groups.
ii.
b.
A sequence of integers may be generated by giving the first and last values separated by the
keyword TO. For example 5 TO 8 generates the numbers 5,6,7 and 8.
Real Number
If a real number is required the decimal point may be omitted if the value is a whole number. Exponent
formats may be utilised when real numbers are required. For example
0.004 4.0E-3 4.0D-3 are equivalent
similarly, 410.0 410 4.10E2 have the same value.
c.
Alphanumeric

Alphanumeric data is used for keywords and text strings. Alphanumerics are any non-numeric strings
which may include the letters A-Z, numbers 0-9, and the characters +, -, / and :. The letters A-Z may
be supplied in either upper or lower case but no distinction is made between the upper and lower
case form. Hence A is assumed identical with a, B with b and so on. For example:
COMB Comb comb
are all identical strings.
Alphanumeric strings must not include any special symbols (See 3.1.3).
BEAMST Command Special Symbols

The following is a list of characters which have a special significance to the BEAMST input:
*
An asterisk is used to define the beginning of a comment, whatever follows on the line
will not be interpreted. It may appear anywhere on the line, any preceding data will be
processed as normal. For example:
* THIS IS A COMMENT FOR THE WHOLE LINE
CASE 4 2.7 * THIS IS A COMMENT FOR PART OF A LINE
A comma or one or more consecutive blanks will act as a delimiter between items in the
line.
For example 5, 10, 15 is the same as 5 10 15
Note that two commas together signify that an item has been omitted. This may be
permissible for certain data blocks.
For example: 5,, 15 is the same as 5 0 15
Unless otherwise stated in the section describing the data block, omitted numerical
values are zero.
A colon at the start of the line signifies that the line is a continuation from the previous
line.
For example
5
: 10 is the same as 5 10 15
: 15
A command @filename may appear anywhere in a data file. When such a command is
encountered, the input of data switches to the file filename and data continues to be
read from that file until either the end-of-file is reached or an @ command is encountered
in the secondary file.
When the end of the secondary file is reached, that file is closed and input switches
back to the previous data file. If, however, an @ command is found in the secondary
file, input switches to yet another file. This process can continue until a maximum
of 5 secondary files are open simultaneously.
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

For example
@prelim.dat
@select.dat
@geom.dat
@load.dat
geom.dat might then contain the lines
@desi.dat
@effe.dat
@unbr.dat
@cm.dat
finally
desi.dat contains the DESI commands
effe.dat contains the EFFE commands
etc
BEAMST NOT Command Modifier

The NOT command modifier may be used with ELEM and JOIN commands to switch off items previously
selected for processing. A typical use of the NOT command modifier is when all but a few elements from a
large group are to be processed. The group of elements may be selected first using the GROU command
and then the unwanted elements deselected using the NOT ELEM command. The order in which selections
are made is important as the final setting for a particular element determines whether that element is processed. Elements may be switched on and off repeatedly as in the example below:
GROU 1 2 3 4
NOT ELEM 1 TO 60
ELEM 8 TO 16
NOT ELEM 13
If groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 contain elements 1 to 100, then the above commands select elements:
8 9 10 11 12 14 15 16 and 61 to 100
In the special case where the NOT ELEM command is the first to appear in the data it has the effect of
switching on all elements apart from those specified on the command.
The NOT JOIN command operates in a similar fashion to the NOT ELEM command.
BEAMST Command Sets

BEAMST data is grouped into command sets according to the requirements of each type of code check.
Each command set consists of a header command for the code check, the commands applicable to the
check and an END command to terminate the set. It is permissible to run several different code checks by
appending the command sets in a single BEAMST datafile. It should be noted however that if plot files are
to be saved then command sets should not be appended.
The structure of a typical BEAMST datafile for multiple check types is shown below:
BEAMST Command Sets
The header command for each command set consists of a keyword defining the design code, a second
keyword (or sub-header) defining the particular requirements from the code and in some instances further
keywords defining editions, amendments and check classes.
The preliminary data is the first block of the BEAMST data. It defines the memory size to be used, the project
name, structure and component names, file names and options to be used. It also defines which files are to
be saved for further processing.
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST
The preliminary data must contain at least a JOB, STRUCTURE and END command. Other commands should
be used as appropriate.
The BEAMST command sets are summarised in the table below. The commands relevant to each command
set are summarised in the tables that follow, the reference for each is also given in the table below.
BEAMST Priority of Data Assignments

There are a number of commands that allow element and element step data to be assigned in terms of
element, group or property numbers. These appear in the command syntax diagrams in the following format:
The priority of such assignments is defined below:

Element data - use element data assigned to individual elements (ELEM)
if none - use element data assigned to the group the element belongs to (GROU)
if none - use element data assigned to the property integer used by the element (PROP or MATE)
if none - no element data assigned to element.
Step data - use step data assigned to individual elements (ELEM)
if none - use step data assigned to the group the element belongs to (GROU)
10
ABNO
if
if
if
if
if
none
none
none
none
none
use step data assigned to the property integer used by the element (PROP or MATE)
use element data assigned to individual elements (ELEM)
use element data assigned to the group the element belongs to (GROU)
use element data assigned to the property integer used by the element (PROP or MATE)
no step data assigned to element.
Element and step data assignment is not order dependant. This is demonstrated by the following example:
COMMand
COMMand
COMMand
COMMand
.... data1
.... data2
.... data3
.... data4
ELEM 1
GROU 5
ELEM 2
PROP 1
Assuming elements 1 and 2 are in group 5:

Element 1 has data1 assigned
Element 2 has data3 assigned
All other elements in group 5 have data 2 assigned
All elements with property integer 1, except elements 1 and 2 and elements in group 5, have data4 assigned.
It should be noted that when step data is explicitly being defined it overrides any element assignments
even if the step data is assigned to a group or property and the element data assigned to an individual
element. Thus in the following example:
COMMand
COMMand
COMMand
COMMand
.... data1
.... data2
.... data3
.... data4
STEP 2 GROU 5
STEP 2 PROP 1
ELEM 1
STEP 2 ELEM 2
Step 2 of element 1 has data1 assigned because the group assignment overrides the property assignment.
In this instance the step specific group assignment also overrides the element assignment which is not step
specific.
Step 2 of element 2 has data4 assigned.
Step 2 of all other elements in group 5 have data1 assigned.
Step 2 of all elements with property integer 1, except those in group 5, have data2 assigned.
All steps, except step 2, of element 1 have data3 assigned.
No data is assigned to any steps, other than step 2, for any elements other than element 1.
ABNO
The ABNORMAL command is used to specify which basic and/or combined loadcases are to utilise improved
resistance factors for structures subjected to abnormal loading conditions, typically those required for progressive collapse analyses.
Parameters
ABNO : Keyword.
load list : List of basic and/or combined user loadcase numbers (Integer).
11
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Usage
Optional, applicable to API LRFD code check only.
Notes
1.
All user loadcase numbers must be explicitly defined, no shorthand syntax is permissible.
2.
For loadcases defined as abnormal, all resistance factors utilised will be set to unity. The resistance
factors, and their default values are given below:
Factor
Default Value
c - resistance factor for axial compressive strength
0.85
t - resistance factor for axial tensile strength
0.95
h - resistance factor for hoop buckling strength
0.80
v - resistance factor for beam shear strength
0.95
b - resistance factor for bending strength
0.95
j - resistance factor for joint connection
0.95*
q - resistance factor for yield
0.95
* The connection resistance factor depends upon the joint type and load component being considered. The
value of 0.95 is used for all variants except axial tension for T, Y and X joints, where a value of 0.90 is utilised.
Examples
ABNO 2 4
AISC
The AISC header command selects stress checks to the AISC design specifications (Ref. 1 and Ref. 23).
Parameters
AISC : Keyword.
WSD : Selects working stress design methods.
LRFD : Selects limiting resistance and factored load design methods.
edition : Selects the edition of AISC - valid keywords are:
ED2 or ED3 for LRFD
ED8 or ED9 for WSD

ALLO/MEMB : Selects member design checks
Usage
12
ANSYS
Compulsory for all AISC checks. Must be the first command within the command data block.
Notes
1.
A list of all commands applicable to the AISC command data block is given in the AISC Theory section.
2.
In the absence of any sub-commands, this command defaults to AISC WSD ALLO .
3.
In the absence of the edition sub-command AISC ALLO will default to the 8th edition. AISC ED9 ALLO
is required to invoke the 9th edition.
ANSYS
This command defines the name of the ANSYS job from which the analysis results will be obtained. The
command is mandatory if BEAMST is to be performed following an ANSYS analysis and must be omitted
otherwise.
The ANSYS command is a preliminary command, and should only appear at the head of the BEAMST
data set.
Parameters
ANSYS : Keyword.
FNAME : Keyword to denote that the job names are specified in a job name list file (Optional).
Jobname : (i) without FNAME job name of the ANSYS model to be processed. This is the name associated
with the .RST file generated by ANSYS (Alphanumeric, up to 32 characters).
(ii) with FNAME name of file containing paths and names of ANSYS jobs to be included in the analysis
together.
youngs : Young's Modulus (Optional, Real).
density : Material density (Optional, Real).
Notes
1.
BEAMST will only process certain ANSYS beam element types in an ANSYS model. Valid element names
are:
BEAM44, BEAM188*, BEAM189*, PIPE16, PIPE59*, PIPE288*, PIPE289*
Elements marked with * must be meshed within ANSYS (i.e many elements to one member). The
UNBR command should be used to define the unbraced length, otherwise incorrect results will be
obtained.
2.
If section data is required from the ANSYS analysis, it can be created using the asecttoasas command
macro. The format for BEAMST is:
asecttoasas,<filename>,1
Provided that the section data is written to the default filename (i.e Jobname_Desi.txt), the section
information will be automatically incorporated in the BEAMST analysis. In this case, care should be
taken not to rename this file or modify its contents. If the section data files does not exist, then any
section information required by BEAMST will need to be defined using the DESI commands.
13
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

3.
If youngs is omitted, the Youngs modulus of steel will be assumed, i.e. youngs = 2.1E11. If youngs
is specified, it is assumed that the value is consistent with the units adopted in the ANSYS analysis.
4.
If density is omitted, the density of steel will be assumed, i.e. density = 7850. If density is specified,
it is assumed that the value is consistent with the units adopted in the ANSYS analysis.
5.
The job name list file specified after keyword FNAME consists of a number of data lines that define
the ANSYS results sets (i.e. load cases) to be analysed by BEAMST. The format of each data line is described as follows:
FullPathName (LCAnsys) (LCAsas)
where
FullPathName is the name of the .RST file including path if necessary. If no path is specified, it is assumed that the .RST file is located in the same directory as the BEAMST data file. If the specified string
contains any embedded space, then the whole string must be bounded by double quotes ().
LCAnsys is the system result set number in the .RST file where results will be considered in BEAMST.
If it is zero or not specified, all result sets in the .RST file will be transferred to BEAMST.
LCAsas is the ASAS user load case number for this ANSYS result set in BEAMST. If it is zero or not
specified, it will be set as the last assigned BEAMST user load case number + 1. If more than one ANSYS
result sets are implied in the command (i.e. LCAnsys = 0), LCAsas defines the user load case number
of the first
6.
If the ANSYS job name is specified directly (i.e. without FNAME), all the ANSYS results sets in the .RST
file will be transferred to BEAMST with user load case numbers ranging from 1 to the number of result
sets.
7.
If the BEAMST load cases care are obtained from multiple ANSYS analyses, user must ensure that all
the models are consistent as no cross checks will be carried out by BEAMST.
Examples
1.
The ANSYS analysis is a single job called ANSYSJOB. All the load cases in this job will be analysed in
BEAMST.
ANSYS ANSYSJOB
2.
The ANSYS analysis information is contained in a job name file called Ansysfile.txt, which references
three ANSYS jobs called Ansysjob1, Ansysjob2 and Ansysjob3 located in different directories. The first
load case (results set) in each of these 3 jobs will become load cases 10, 20 and 30 in BEAMST.
ANSYS FNAME Ansysfile.txt
The contents of file Ansysfile.txt are:
C:\AnsysAnalysis\Job1\Ansysjob1 1 10
API
The API command selects stress checks to the API design recommendations.
14
API
Parameters
API : Keyword.
WSD : Selects working stress design methods.
LRFD : Selects limiting resistance and factored load design methods.
edition : Selects the edition of API - valid keywords are:
ED1 for LRFD
ED13, ED16, ED17, ED18, ED19, ED20 or ED21 for WSD

ALLO/MEMB : Selects member design checks
HYDR : Selects hydrostatic collapse check for tubulars
NOMI : Selects joint nominal load check for tubulars (not valid with ED13) to WSD
PUNC : Selects joint punching shear check for tubulars to WSD
JOIN : Selects joint check for tubulars to LRFD or WSD ED21
Usage
Compulsory for all API checks. Must be the first command within the command data block.
Notes
1.
When BEAMST is run in stand alone mode, the program can be used for member checks only and so
commands NOMI, PUNC and JOIN are not allowed.
2.
A list of all commands applicable to the API Command data block is given in the API Theory section.
3.
If the design method is omitted WSD is assumed.
4.
The edition of API must be specified using one of the valid keywords listed above.
5.
If the sub-command defining the check type is omitted ( MEMB, ALLO etc) the check defaults to
ALLO for WSD, and MEMB for LRFD.
6.
ALLO checks tubular members to API WSD recommendations and non-tubular members to AISC as
referred to in the API recommendations (See the BEAMST API Theory section ).
7.
MEMB, HYDR, JOIN, NOMI and PUNC check tubular members only to API recommendations.
NOMI/PUNC options are not valid for the API WSD ED21; JOIN should be used instead. The JOIN option
is not valid for editions prior to ED21.
15
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST
BRIG
The BRIG command selects whether rigorous buoyancy should or should not be used in the hydrostatic
member checks.
Parameters
BRIG : Keyword.
ON : Selects rigorous buoyancy for this command deck.
OFF : De-selects buoyancy for this command deck.
Usage
Optional. If omitted all hydrostatic code checks will NOT consider the effects of rigorous buoyancy.
Notes
1.
If on the preceding ASAS-WAVE analysis BRIG was present on the options data line then a BRIG
command should be included in the BEAMST data.
2.
BRIG alone or BRIG ON has the same effect as BRIG being specified in the BEAMST options data.
BS59
The BS59 command selects ultimate limit state checks to BS5950 (Ref. 4).
Parameters
BS59 : Keyword.
MEMB : Selects member stress checks to BS5950.
Usage
Compulsory for all BS5950 checks. This must be the first command within the BS59 Command data block.
Notes
1.
A list of all commands applicable to the BS59 Command data block is given in the BS5950 Theory
section.
2.
In the absence of a sub-command, keyword defaults to MEMB
CASE
The CASE command is used to specify which basic loadcases from the previous ASAS, ASAS(NL), RESPONSE
or LOCO analysis are to be reported.
16
CB
Parameters
CASE : Keyword
integer list : List of basic loadcases to be reported (Integer)
Usage
Optional for all command data blocks. At least one CASE, CMBV or COMB command must be present in
each command data block.
Notes
1.
All basic (CASE) loadcase numbers and all combined ( COMB and CMBV ) loadcase numbers selected
for reporting must be unique.
2.
The load case numbers for an ASAS(NL) analysis are the increment numbers.
Examples
CASE 1 3 5
CASE ALL
CB
The CB command specifies a default value of the pure bending coefficient, Cb to be used for selected elements.
Parameters
CB : Keyword.
value : Pure bending coefficient (Real).
ELEM : Keyword to denote element list follows.
integer list : List of basic loadcases to be reported (Integer).
Usage
Optional - applicable to AISC/API ALLO Command data blocks only.
Notes
1.
If omitted the program will calculate a Cb value based on the acting force distribution on each element.
See the BEAMST AISC Theory section.
Examples
CB 1.0 ELEM 5 77 TO 100 742
17
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

CB 2.0 ELEM 973
CHOR
The CHOR command is used to define the chord member(s) at a node and optional chord parameters.
Parameters
CHOR : Keyword.
node : Node number (Integer).
member1 : User element number(s) defining chord member(s) (Integer).
member2 : User element number(s) defining chord member(s) (Integer).
EFFE : Keyword to denote chord parameters follows.
thick : Chord nominal thickness away from the joint (Real).
length : Chord effective length (Real).
LTOD : Keyword to denote length to diameter ratio follows.
ratio : Maximum chord length between nodes to be used when forming a multi-noded joint; given as
ratio of length over diameter (Real).
Usage
Optional for tubular joint punching shear and nominal load joint checks. The chord parameters are currently
ONLY used by the API LRFD nominal load joint check and the API WSD JOIN check.
Notes
1.
For single noded joints the node number is the same as the joint number, for multiple noded joints
the CHOR command can be used for one or more nodes forming the joints.
2.
In the absence of any CHOR command(s) pertaining to a node, the chord will be identified as that
member at the joint with the greatest diameter. If several members have the same diameter, BEAMST
will check their wall thickness and choose the most appropriate member for API WSD JOIN checks.
The member length will also be considered as nodes within the ratio specified, this defaults to 0.25
(D/4) and the chords will be connected to form a multi-noded joint.
3.
In the API LRFD nominal load joint check, cross joints should be checked for chord crushing if the
chord is reinforced only by a can having increased thickness local to the joint. To undertake this check
an effective chord length and nominal thickness must be provided using this command.
4.
In the API WSD JOIN check clause 4.3.5 for thickened cans will only be invoked if chord parameters
are provided.
Examples
CHORD
CHORD
CHORD
CHORD
18
16
16
16
16
122
120 122
ELEM 122
EFFE 20.0 1500.0
CMBV
CMBV
The CMBV command is used to select a new combined loadcase to be reported and to specify the loadcase
numbers and factors to be combined into the new loadcase. It differs from the COMB command in that
the combination may be carried out in several different ways. Combinations which include other combinations
are permissible.
Parameters
CMBV : Keyword.
ctype : Describes the combination method (see Note 2).
newcase : Combined loadcase number (Integer).
factor : Multiplicative factor to be applied to case (Real).
case : User loadcase number, either a basic loadcase or another combination loadcase number (Integer).
Usage
Optional for all command data blocks. At least one CASE , CMBV or COMB command must be present in
Notes
1.
All basic ( CASE ) loadcase numbers and all combined (CMBV and COMB ) loadcase numbers selected
for reporting must be unique.
2.
Five combination types are permitted using the CMBV command:
SSUM : simple summation

The factored forces and moments for each of the constituent loadcases are simply added together.
MAXE : maximum envelope

The factored forces and moments for each of the constituent loadcases are considered in turn. The
final results consist of the highest (positive) force values found in the constituent loadcases for
each force type.
MINE : minimum envelope

The factored forces and moments for each of the constituent loadcases are considered in turn. The
final results consist of the lowest (negative) force values found in the constituent loadcases for
each force type.
ABSS : absolute sum

The absolute values of the factored forces and moments for each of the constituent loadcases are
added together. All resulting forces and moments will be positive.
SRSS : square root sum square
19
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

The factored forces and moments for each of the constituent loadcases are squared and then added
together. The resulting forces are then square rooted. All resulting forces will be positive. This is
useful for combining spectral loadcases.
3.
For combinations other than SSUM care must be exercised in the processing of these results because
they do not necessarily represent a consistent set of fixed end forces and distributed loads.
4.
Loadcase combination is generally invalid in a non-linear analysis.
Examples
CMBV SSUM 10 1.5 14 2.0 101
CMBV ABSS 303 1.4 6 1.6 7
CMY/CMZ
The CMY/CMZ command specifies the amplification reduction factors Cmy and Cmz to be used in the AISC/API
member combined stress buckle unity check.
Parameters
CMY/CMZ : Keyword.
value : Cmy or Cmz value (Real).
integer list : List of basic loadcases to be reported (Integer).
Usage
Optional - applicable to AISC ALLO and API ALLO command data blocks only.
Notes
1.
If omitted the program will calculate Cmy and Cmz values appropriate to each element based on the
acting force distribution. See the AISC LRFD Theory section.
Examples
CMY 0.85 ELEM 5 77 TO 742
CMZ 0.40 ELEM 973
COMB
The COMB command is used to select a new combined loadcase to be reported and to specify the loadcase
numbers and factors to be combined into the new loadcase. Combinations which include other combinations
are permissible.
Parameters
20
COMPONENT
COMB : Keyword.
factor : Multiplicative factor to be applied to case (Real).
case : User loadcase number, either a basic loadcase or another combination loadcase number (Integer).
Usage
Optional for all command data blocks. At least one CASE , CMBV or COMB command must be present in
Notes
1.
All basic ( CASE ) loadcases and all combined ( CMBV and COMB) loadcase numbers selected for reporting must be unique.
2.
Loadcase combination is generally invalid in a non-linear analysis.
Examples
COMBINE 16 0.9 14 1.2 3050
COMB 303 1.4 6 1.6 7
COMPONENT
The COMP command is used to define the recovered component from a substructure analysis for which the
results are to be processed in this run.
The COMP command is a preliminary command, and should only appear at the head of the BEAMST
data set.
Parameters
COMP : Keyword.
sname : Structure name identifying which existing structure is to be accessed from the current project,
see the PROJ command (Alphanumeric, 4 characters, the first character must be alphabetic).
tree : This is the path down the component tree from the given structure in sname to the component
which is being used for the BEAMST processing.
Usage
Valid only, and compulsory, for recovered components.
Notes
1.
If the user is processing the global structure run in a substructure analysis, use only the STRU command.
2.
The component referred to by tree on this command must have been recovered by an ASAS stress
recovery run. The ASAS run must have contained a SAVE LOCO FILES command.
Examples
To process the second level component CMP2, part of assembled component CMP1, which in turn is
part of structure STRU.
21
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

COMP STRU CMP1 CMP2
COOR
The COOR command is used to define the nodal coordinates, as printed in the member properties report.
The COOR command should only be used when running BEAMST in stand alone mode.
Parameters
COOR : Keyword.
node : Node number (Integer).
x : X-coordinate of the node.
y : Y-coordinate of the node.
z : Z-coordinate of the node.
Usage
Optional for all command data blocks in stand alone mode.
Notes
1.
If the end coordinates for an element are not defined then the element will be assumed to lie along
the positive x-axis with node 1 at the origin.
2.
No checks are carried out to ensure that specified coordinate data is consistent with member lengths
specified on TOPO data lines. It is essential that the user ensures that specified coordinate positions
are consistent with lengths defined in the TOPO data block.
Examples
COOR 1 10. 20. 30.
COOR 2 40. 50. 60.
DENT
The DENT command specifies the dent depth and out-of-straightness for selected elements.
Parameters
DENT : Keyword.
daxis : Keyword defining dent axis. Valid keywords are:
YPOS - dent on +ve local Y axis
YNEG - dent on -ve local Y axis
ZPOS - dent on +ve local Z axis
22
DESI
ZNEG - dent on -ve local Z axis

ddepth : Dent depth (Real).
dos : Maximum out-of-straightness (Real).
integer list : List of user element numbers (Integer).
Usage
Optional - applicable to ISO MEMB Command data blocks only.
Examples
DENT YPOS 0.2 0.0 ELEM 3
The cross-sectional shape of element 3 will look like:
DESI
The DESI command enables section information from the structural analysis to be overridden to account
for design requirements. The analyst should note that making large changes to section properties will cause
modifications to the element stiffness which will invalidate the results of the analysis. It is recommended
that upon obtaining a satisfactory section, a full re-analysis is performed. Geometric section properties will
be calculated for all section types (except PRI). A section name may be specified instead of providing explicit
section dimensions. The section name may be one already specified in the ASAS analysis, exist in an external
library file, or may be defined using a PROF command.
Parameters
DESI : Keyword.
type : Alphanumeric keyword specifying the section type for this list of elements, groups or geometric
properties. Section types currently available are:
TUB - Tube
WF - Doubly symmetric Rolled I-section (e.g. UB, UC, Joist,WFC, WF)

23
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST
RHS - Rectangular Hollow Section (RHS)
BOX - Fabricated Box Section
PRI - Rectangular Solid Section
FBI - Fabricated I-section (NS3472 only)
CHAN - Channel section
ANGL - Angle section
TEE - Tee section

sdims : Section dimensions (Real).
GYRA : Keyword to denote that radii of gyration follow.
gvals : Radii of gyration. Up to two values may be specified for RY and RZ respectively. A third value,
RT, may be given for WF and FBI section types. Values not provided are automatically computed by the
program (Real).
PROF : Keyword to denote that a section name follows.
section : Name of the section (up to 12 alphanumeric characters).
END1 : Keyword to denote that the section properties are applied to the first step of the element.
END2 : Keyword to denote that the section properties are applied to the last step of the element.
STEP : Keyword to denote that a step number follows.
integer : Step number to which the section properties are referenced (Integer).
ELEM : Keyword to denote selection by element numbers.
GROU : Keyword to denote selection by element group numbers.
PROP : Keyword to denote selection by geometric property integer.
integer list : List of user element numbers, groups or geometric property numbers. If a step reference
is given only that step for elements specified within the element list, group list or geometric property
number list are assigned the section property values (Integer).
Usage
Optional for command data selecting TUBE elements or when sections have been specified in the ASAS
analysis, otherwise compulsory for all other available section types.
Notes
1.
A detailed description of each section type is given in Appendix D.
2.
TUBE elements must not be assigned non-tubular sections.
3.
TUBE elements must not be assigned non-tubular sections.
4.
See the introduction to the Command Reference section for details on the priority of assigning data.
5.
If sections have been specified in the ASAS analysis any values not defined will default to those available
from the structural database. If sections were not utilised in the ASAS analysis, no defaults exist.
6.
The channel, angle tee and non-symmetric fbi and box sections are only available for stress calculations
using the POST command set. No code checking is currently possible on these section types.
7.
If a section is referenced using PROF, the section definition will be searched for in the following order:
In a PROF command within the current data file.
In the ASAS structural database for this analysis.
In a specified external section library.
24
DS449
8.
A prismatic section, PRI, must be defined using PROF.
Examples
DESI FBI 1.4 O.9 O.O2 O.O15 PROP 427
DESI BOX 1.2 0.8 0.02 0.02 ELEM 20 TO 26
DESI PROF W12x8 STEP 2 ELEM 147262
DESI RHS 1.2 0.8 0.025 END1 ELEM 100 101 104
DESI WF 1.3 0.8 0.015 0.012 GYRA 0.18 0.55 0.21 GROU 20
DESI TUB 1.0 0.1 ELEM 500
DS449
The DS449 (or DS44) command requests ultimate limit state strength checks to the Danish Standards DS449
(Ref. 9) and DS412 (Ref. 10) for tubular members.
command JOIN is not allowed.
Parameters
DS449 : Keyword.
MEMB : Keyword to select member ultimate limits state checks.
JOIN : Keyword to select joint ultimate limit state checks.
HIGH : Keyword to specify the high safety class.
NORM : Keyword to specify the normal safety class.
AO, A, B, C, D : Keywords to select the curve type from the DS412 column buckling curves.
Usage
Compulsory for DS449 stress checks. Must be first command within the DS449 Command data block.
Notes
1.
2.
A list of all commands applicable to the DS449 Command data block is given in the DS449 Theory
section.
3.
If none of the parameters are specified the defaults are: DS449 MEMB HIGH A
Examples
DS449 MEMB NORM
DS449 JOIN
25
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST
EFFE
The EFFE command is used to specify the effective length factors Ky and Kz used in calculating slenderness
ratios K /r for column buckling calculations about each axis.
Parameters
EFFE : Keyword.
value1 : Ky (Real).
value2 : Kz (Real).
GROU : Keyword to denote selection by element group number.
integer list : List of user element numbers. (Integer).
Usage
Optional for all member checking command data blocks.
Notes
1.
If only value1 is specified, Ky and Kz are both set to it; otherwise Ky is set to value1 and Kz to value2.
2.
Elements for which the effective length factors are not specified have default value of 1.0.
3.
If Ky or Kz exceeds 1.0 then the member is deemed free to sway in the relevant plane.
Examples
EFFE 0.8 ELEM 21 TO 35
EFFE 0.8 1.0 ELEM 108 109 112
ELEM
The ELEM command specifies the elements to be reported. Elements are referenced by their ASAS User
Element Numbers. This command can be repeated as many times as required. It is sometimes convenient
to be able to specify a range of elements and subsequently exclude some of that range - the NOT command
word is provided for this purpose. When used in this way, the order of the ELEM commands is important.
The final setting for each element is the one used to produce the report. The ELEM command may also be
used in conjunction with the GROU command to select elements for reporting not referenced by the
GROU command and the NOT ELEM command to exclude any such referenced elements.
Parameters
NOT : Keyword to denote that the specified elements are not to be processed.
ELEM : Keyword.
26
END
Usage
Optional for POST Command data block and all member checking command data blocks. At least one
ELEM or GROU command must be present in such command data.
Notes
1.
The NOT command word has a special effect if it is used on the first ELEM command: all the elements
are selected except for those specified in this command. On all subsequent ELEM commands it merely
has the effect of rejecting the specified elements.
Examples
ELEM ALL
ELEM 6 to 1O
ELEM 12 14 16 TO 2O
ELEM 1 to 1O
NOT ELEM 4 6
ELEV
The ELEV command is used to specify mean water and seabed levels, tide and surge heights and sea water
density for calculation of hydrostatic pressure.
Parameters
ELEV : Keyword.
value1 : Mean Water Level relative to the water axes (Real).
value2 : Sea Bed Level relative to the water axes (Real).
value3 : Density of Sea Water (Real).
value4 : Tide Height (Real).
value5 : Surge Height (Real).
Usage
Compulsory for all command data blocks examining hydrostatic pressure effects.
Notes
1.
The static water depth is taken to be the sum of Mean Water Depth, Tide and Surge Heights.
Examples
ELEV 150.0 -5.0 1.025
ELEV 450.0 10.0 63.0 9.0 4.0
ELEV 454.0 10.0 63.0 9.0
END
The END command is used to terminate a command data block.
27
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST
Parameters
END : Keyword
Usage
Compulsory to terminate all command data blocks.
Notes
1.
The END command must be followed by the next command data block header or a STOP command
to terminate the BEAMST data.
EXTR
The EXTR command is used to specify which basic and/or combined loadcases are allowed overstress for
extreme/storm conditions.
Parameters
EXTR : Keyword.
integer list : List of basic and/or combined user loadcase numbers (Integer).
Usage
Optional for all stress checking command data blocks.
Notes
1.
Examples
EXTR 2 4
EXTREME 1 5 7 10
FILES
The FILES command is used to define the prefix name for the backing files created in this run.
The FILES command is a preliminary command, and should only appear at the head of the BEAMST
data set.
28
FORC
Parameters
FILES : Keyword.
fname : Prefix name for any backing files created by this run. (Alphanumeric, 4 characters, first character
must be alphabetic).
Usage
Optional, if omitted file name defaults to project name.
Notes
1.
fname is used as a prefix for all files created during the current run. The four characters are appended
with two digits in the range 12 to 35 to create each individual file. This name will also be used by default
for the plotfile name, see the SAVE command.
Examples
FILES BILL
FORC
The FORC command is used to specify the six beam force components at a specified section on a beam.
The FORC command should only be used when running BEAMST in stand alone mode.
Parameters
FORC : Keyword.
forces : Six components of load at the section (Fx, Fy, Fz, Mx, My, Mz) (Real).
FACT : Keyword to denote that the force position is defined as a ratio of the element length.
factor : Position along the beam from node 1 to the point at which the forces act (Real).
LENG : Keyword to denote that the force position is defined as a length along the beam.
length : Length along the beam from node 1 to the point at which the forces act (Real).
LOAD : Keyword to denote loadcase number follows.
case : Loadcase number (Integer).
ELEM : Keyword to denote element number follows.
elno : User element number to which these forces apply (Integer).
Usage
Applicable to all command data blocks in stand alone mode only.
Notes
1.
All forces are applied at the section defined in the elements local axis.
2.
Any combination of position and loadcase number for which no FORC data is specified will be assumed
to have zero forces.
3.
If any combination of position and loadcase number has more than one FORC command specified
then the forces will be summed.
4.
It is the users responsibility to ensure that the specified force data is correct.
29
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Examples
FORC 1.23 2.34 3.45 4.56 5.67 6.78 FACT 0.3 LOAD 3 ELEM 10
FORC 3.1 4.1 5.1 6.1 7.1 8.1 LENG 10. LOAD 6 ELEM 7
GAPD
The GAPD command is used to specify a default gap or eccentricity dimension. This value is used if none
is specified in the TYPE command. A negative value is not allowed.
Parameters
GAPD : Keyword.
value : Gap dimension (Real).
Usage
Optional, for X or K joint punching shear and nominal load command data blocks only. The command is not
used for Y joints.
Notes
1.
If an entered value is less than the default of 50.8mm/2 inches a warning message is printed.
2.
If the GAPD command is omitted then:

For API 21st Edition: the geometry is used to calculate the gap; unless specified in the TYPE
command
For Pre-API 21st Edition: a default value of 50.8mm or 2 inches is used and this is only applied to
K joints.
GRAV
The GRAV command is used to define the relationship of structure to water surface axes by specifying the
value and direction of the gravitational acceleration relative to the structure axis system.
Parameters
GRAV : Keyword.
value1 : Gravitational acceleration component in the global X axis of the structure (Real).
value2 : Component in the global Y axis (Real).
value3 : Component in the global Y axis (Real).
Usage
Compulsory for all command data blocks examining hydrostatic pressure effects.
Notes
30
HYDR
1.
The GRAV command defines the direction of the gravitational vector (-Zwater) with respect to the
structure (global) axis system.
2.
If the components of gravitational acceleration are given as (0,0,-g) the structure and water axes are
coincident with the Z-axis directed vertically upwards.
Examples
GRAV 0.0 0.0 -9.81
GRAVITY 7.246 -2.473 6.133
GROU
The GROU command is used to select which ASAS groups are to be reported. This command can be repeated
as many times as required. It is sometimes convenient to be able to select elements by their group numbers
and to be able to extend or exclude discrete elements or ranges of elements from the report. The ELEM
and NOT ELEM commands may be used in conjunction with the GROU command for this purpose. For
extension and exclusion purposes, the order of the ELEM commands can be important (see ELEM command).
Parameters
GROU : Keyword.
integer list : List of ASAS group numbers (Integer).
Usage
Optional for POST command data block and all member checking command data blocks. At least one
ELEM or GROU command must be present in member command data blocks.
Examples
GROU 1 3 6 10 TO 15
NOT ELEM 8 10 16
GROU ALL
NOT ELEM 8 10 16
GROU 1 3 6 10 TO 15
ELEM 96 105 TO 123
HYDR
The HYDR command is used to specify loadcase dependent hydrostatic pressure load factors used in the
computation of the design hydrostatic head in API LRFD or ISO hydrostatic checks.
31
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Parameters
HYDR : Keyword.
gammad : Hydrostatic pressure load factor (Real).
CASE : Keyword denoting loadcase numbers follow.
integer list : List of user selected basic and/or combined loadcases (Integer).
Usage
Only used for API LRFD HYDR or ISO HYDR checks. Optional (see Note 1 below).
Notes
1.
For loadcases not specified using this command a value of 1.3 will be assumed. This corresponds to
the operating conditions.
2.
Examples
HYDR 1.1 CASE 5 6
ISO
The ISO command selects the International Standard ISO 19902 check (Ref. 27).
Parameters
ISO : Keyword.
edition : Selects the edition of the ISO code to be used in the checks. Valid keyword is ED1 (Edition 1).
MEMB : Keyword to select member capacity checks.
HYDR : Keyword to select hydro-static collapse checks for tubulars.
JOIN : Keyword to select joint checks for tubulars.
Usage
Compulsory for all ISO code checks. Must be the first command within the NORSOK Command data block.
Notes
1.
A list of all commands applicable to the ISO command data block appears in the ISO Theory" section.
JOB
The JOB command is used to define the type of analysis being performed.
32
JOIN
The JOB command is a preliminary command, and should only appear at the head of the BEAMST
data set.
Parameters
JOB : Keyword.
POST : Keyword indicating post-processing of an ASAS analysis.
NEW : Keyword.
CHEC : Keyword indicating BEAMST is being used in stand alone mode.
Usage
Compulsory.
Examples
JOB POST
JOB NEW CHEC
JOIN
The JOIN command is used to select the nodes to be included in joint checks. This command can be repeated
as many times as required. It is sometimes convenient to be able to specify a range of node numbers and
subsequently exclude some of that range - the NOT command word is provided for this purpose. In this way
the order of the JOIN commands can be important. The final setting for each node is the one used.
Parameters
NOT : Keyword to denote that the specified joints are not to be processed.
JOIN : Keyword.
nodes : List of nodes (Integer).
Usage
Compulsory for all joint command data blocks.
Notes
1.
The NOT command parameter has a special effect if it is used on the first JOIN command: all the joints
are selected except for those specified in this command. On all subsequent JOIN commands it merely
has the effect of rejecting the specified joints.
2.
For a joint to be identified as multi-noded all nodes must be included in the joint check.
Examples
JOIN ALL
JOIN 6 to 10
JOIN 12 14 16 TO 20
JOIN 1 to 10
NOT JOIN 4 6
33
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST
LIBR
The LIBR command is only required if section libraries were used in the ASAS analysis. The command provides
the name of an external file which contains beam section information for use in the stress calculations.
The LIBR command is a preliminary command, and should only appear at the head of the BEAMST
data set.
Parameters
LIBR : Keyword.
filenm : Up to 6 character name of an external (physical) file which contains section library information
for beam type elements.
Usage
Optional.
Notes
1.
If a section library was utilised in ASAS and the LIBR command line is omitted, the library file from the
analysis will be automatically adopted.
2.
The library file selected, either using the LIBR command or defaulting to the analysis file, must be
present in the users work area.
3.
If the library file specified is different to that used in the original analysis it is important that all section
identifiers which are to be referenced are present in the new library.
LIMIT
The limiting values defined below are built into BEAMST, but for API WSD JOIN these may be overwritten
at the users discretion, using one or more LIMIT commands.
Parameters
LIMIT : Keyword.
limval : Keyword indicating parameter for which default applicability limit is to be overwritten. (Alphanumeric) Permitted values are:
BETA
GAMMA
THETA
minval : Lower applicability limit for parameter limval (Real).
maxval : Upper applicability limit for parameter limval (Real).
Usage
34
MCOF
Only used for API LRFD HYDR checks. Optional (see Note 1 below).
Notes
1.
Default applicability limits are as follows (using the standard parameter definitions):
0.2 BETA 1.0
10 GAMMA 50
300 THETA 900
MATE
The MATE command is used to define the material properties.
The MATE command should only be used when running BEAMST in stand alone mode.
Parameters
MATE : Keyword.
youngs : Youngs modulus (Real).
poisson : Poissons ratio (Real).
ELEM : Keyword to denote that element list follows.
GROU : Keyword to denote that group list follows.
integer list : List of user element or group numbers (Integer).
Usage
Applicable to all command data blocks in stand alone mode only.
Notes
1.
Examples
MATE 207000. 0.3 ELEM 1 2 3 4
MCOF
The MCOF command is used to specify the global partial material coefficient utilised in the DS449 , NORSOK
and NPD code checks. The coefficient(s) may be loadcase dependent.
Parameters
MCOF : Keyword.
35
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

value : Partial material coefficient (Real).
PARA : Optional keyword to denote that the value defined is to be assigned to a particular material
parameter given by the following keyword.
YIEL : Keyword to denote yield stress parameter.
PUNC : Keyword to denote punching strength parameter. Only applicable to DS449 .
ELAS : Keyword to denote modulus of elasticity parameter. Only applicable to DS449 .
LOAD : Keyword to denote that loadcase numbers follow.
case : List of loadcase numbers to which the value of the material coefficient is to be assigned. ALL is
not permitted (Integer).
Usage
Optional - applicable to DS449 , NORSOK and NPD command data blocks only
Notes
1.
If PARA and its associated keywords are omitted, then PARA YIEL is assumed.
2.
Explicit definition of a parameter coefficient (using the PARA keyword) will override any definition
without a parametric statement.
3.
For loadcases not defined using a MCOF command the following defaults will be utilised. The DS449
values reflect the strict material control definition in that code.
4.
For NORSOK the default material partial safety factor is 1.15 for tension and joint strength. It varies for
compression (including hydro-static checks). If a value of 1.15 is input here the default calculations
will be assumed for hydrostatic and compression cases. Values other than 1.15 + 0.001 will use the
input value for all checks
Default values of resistance factors

Parameter
Keyword
NPD
NORSOK
DS449
Normal
DS449
High
Material Coefficient m
YIEL
1.15
1.15
Yield Stress y
YIEL
1.09
1.21
Punching Strength p
PUNC
1.21
1.34
Modulus of Elasticity E
ELAS
1.34
1.48
* The connection resistance factor depends upon the joint type and load component being considered. The
value of 0.95 is used for all variants except axial tension for T, Y and X joints, where a value of 0.90 is utilsed.
Examples
MCOF 1.5 PARA PUNC LOAD 2
MCOF 1.38 LOAD 1 8 9
MFAC
The MFAC command is used to define the moment reduction factors to be used in the BS5950 overall
buckling check.
36
MLTF
Parameters
MFAC : Keyword.
facy : Moment reduction factor for My (Real).
facz : Moment reduction factor for Mz (Real).
LOAD : Keyword to denote that loadcase number follows.
lcn : Loadcase number (Integer).
Usage
Optional for BS59 Command data block only.
Notes
1.
For elements with no MFAC data line facy and facz will be taken as 1.0.
2.
If facz is omitted from the MFAC data line facz will be taken as equal to facy.
3.
If LOAD and lcn are omitted from the MFAC data line then the specified facy and facz values will be
assumed to apply to all loadcases.
Examples
MFAC 0.7 0.5 LOAD 1 ELEM 6 8
MFAC 0.6 ELEM 1 2
MLTF
The MLTF command is used to define the moment reduction factor to be applied to the lateral torsional
buckling component in the BS5950 overall buckling check.
Parameters
MLTF : Keyword.
value : Lateral torsional buckling moment reduction factor (Real).
lcn : Loadcase number (Integer).
Usage
Optional for BS59 Command data block only.
37
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Notes
1.
For elements with no MLTF data lines, value will be taken as 1.0
2.
If LOAD and lcn are omitted from the MLTF data line then the specified value of value will be assumed
to apply to all loadcases.
Examples
MLTF 0.6 ELEM ALL
MLTF 0.6 ELEM ALL
MLTF 0.8 LOAD 1 ELEM 10
MOVE
The MOVE command is used to specify the origin of the Water Axes relative to the structure Global Axes
origin.
Parameters
MOVE : Keyword.
value1 : X-coordinate of the Water Axes origin in the Global Axes (Real).
value2 : Y-coordinate of the Water Axes origin in the Global Axes (Real).
value3 : Z-coordinate of the Water Axes origin in the Global Axes (Real).
Usage
Optional for all command data blocks examining hydrostatic pressure effects.
Notes
1.
If omitted the origins of the Water and the Global Axes origin are assumed coincident.
Examples
MOVE 5.0 20.0 15.0
MOVE -24.0 -10.0 14.6
NORS
The NORS command selects the NORSOK check (Ref. 24).
Parameters
NORS : Keyword.
edition : Selects the edition of the NORSOK code to be used in the checks. Valid keyword is ED98 (1998
Edition).
MEMB : Keyword to select member capacity checks.
38
NPD
HYDR : Keyword to select hydro-static collapse checks for tubulars.
JOIN : Keyword to select joint checks for tubulars.
Usage
Compulsory for all NORSOK code checks. Must be the first command within the NORSOK Command data
block.
Notes
1.
A list of all commands applicable to the NORS command data block appears in the NORSOK Theory
section.
NPD
The NPD command selects ultimate limit state compliance checks to NPD/NS3472 regulations (Ref. 5, Ref.
6 and Ref. 7).
Parameters
NPD : Keyword.
ED92 : Keyword to select NPD code Edition 1992.
MEMB : Keyword to select member yield and buckling checks.
JOIN : Keyword to select joint punching shear checks.
Usage
Compulsory for all NPD limit state checks. This must be the first command within the NPD Command data
block
Notes
1.
2.
A list of all commands applicable to the NPD Command data block is given in the NPD/NS3472 Theory
section.
3.
If no sub-command is present, MEMB is assumed.
4.
If ED92 not selected then Edition 1985 is assumed.
Examples
NPD MEMB ED92
39
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST
OPTI
The OPTIons command is used to define the control options for this run.
The OPTI command is a preliminary command, and should only appear at the head of the BEAMST
data set.
Parameters
OPTI : Keyword.
option : Four character option name, or list of option names. Allowable Options for BEAMST are:
BRIG - Selects Rigorous buoyancy for hydrostatic collapse check. Same as the BRIG command.
DATA - Stop after checking the data. This is useful whenever careful checking is required. This option
overrides all reports selected locally within command data blocks on the PRIN command(s) except
the XCHK Report.
GOON - Proceed even after printed WARNINGS. This option allows the run to continue despite doubtful
data.
NOBL - Do not print the BEAMST run title pages
NOTR - Do not write the results to the User Results Storage Database
PRNO - This option allows the first 20 lines of BEAMST data to be echoed to the print file. All remaining
data is suppressed.
Usage
Optional.
Notes
1.
BEAMST will not print any results unless requested. No options exist to request such printing, all results
reports are requested through the PRIN command. This allows users to vary the quantity and type
of results printed to their requirements.
2.
BEAMST will print forces and stresses in the reports selected as normal numbers without scientific
notation (i.e. the FORF option which exists in other programs within the ASAS suite is automatically
invoked within BEAMST). The output defaults to scientific notation if a line of forces or stresses has
very large or very small values.
Examples
OPTIONS DATA NOBL
PHI
The PHI command is used to specify the load dependent parameter, , used in the determination of the
lateral buckling strength of beams for NS3472E.
40
POST
Parameters
PHI : Keyword.
value : Is the explicitly defined parameter (Real).
AUTO : Requests that automatic calculation of PHI is carried out using the formula:
where M1 and M2 are the moments at the ends of the beam about the strong axis and M1 M2
case : Loadcase number to which the value of is to be assigned (Integer).
Usage
Optional - applicable to NPD command data blocks only
Notes
1.
If the loadcase number is not defined all loadcases will be assigned the value of for the elements
specified.
2.
Explicit definition of on a loadcase basis will override any definition without a loadcase number for
a given element. Automatic calculation of will be overridden by an explicit definition for a given
element.
3.
If AUTO is chosen for loadcase specific data, this will override any specific value of defined for an
element without the loadcase provided.
4.
In the absence of a PHI definition for an element a default value of 1.0 will be utilised.
Examples
PHI 2.0 LOAD 2 ELEM 1 5 6
PHI AUTO ELEM ALL
PHI 1.5 ELEM 5 TO 10
POST
The POST header command is used to request property, force and stress reports but without checks to a
specific design code of practice.
Parameters
41
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

POST : Keyword
Usage
Compulsory for all general post-processing. Must be the first command within the POST Command data
block.
Notes
1.
A list of all commands applicable to the POST Command data block is given in the POST Theory section.
2.
There are no sub-commands.
PRIN
The PRIN command specifies the reports to be printed.
Parameters
PRIN : Keyword.
type : Keyword indicating type of report required or units to be used. See table below for available
keywords.
params : Additional parameters applicable to each type:
PRINT Command Parameters
Type
Meaning
Additional Parameters
XCHK
Input Data Cross Check Report
None
PROP
Member Geometry and Material Property Report
None
FORC
Member Force Report
None
STRE
Member Stress Report
None
UNCK
Unity Check Report
None
SUM1
Highest yield and buckle combined stress unity checks
ex1, ex2 specify exceedence values (report

SUM4 only) FAIL report
failed members only BOTH
print both full summary
and failed member reports
uclim utilisation limit for
failure reports
SUM2
Highest buckle check plus all unity checks at section

with highest yield combined stress unity check
See SUM1 above
SUM3
Highest unity check
See SUM1 above
SUM4
3 worst unity checks plus distribution of unity check

values
See SUM1 above
42
PRIN
Type
Meaning
Additional Parameters
SUM5
Highest member forces and moments
See SUM1 above
FUNI
Change force units in reports
name1 length unit name2

force unit
SUNI
Change stress units in reports
name1 length unit name2

force unit
All
Print all appropriate reports
None
Usage
Optional - for defaults see Note 8 below.
Notes
1.
A list of the reports applicable to each type of command data block is given in Output Reports Available
for API/AISC Code Checks (p. 44).
2.
BEAMST automatically filters out requested reports which are not available for the type of check/postprocessing selected. Such redundant requests do not induce data or execution errors.
3.
Exceedence values are only appropriate for summary report number 4 (SUM4) and if omitted default
to 1.0 and 0.5.
4.
Utilisation limits are available for summary reports 1-4. For summary report number 4 (SUM4), the
exceedence values MUST precede BOTH/FAIL.
5.
If units are specified both length and force units must be supplied. The valid unit names are listed
under the UNIT command. These units override any results units defined in the Preliminary data
(Appendix -A).
6.
FUNI is only valid for NPD Unity Check Reports.
7.
If this command is omitted the following defaults apply:

PRIN SUM1 AISC WSD ALLO command
PRIN SUM1 AISC LRFD MEMB command
PRIN SUM1 API WSD ALLO command
PRIN SUM1 API LRFD MEMB command
PRIN SUM1 API WSD HYDR command
PRIN SUM1 API LRFD HYDR command
PRIN SUM1 NORS MEMB command
PRIN SUM1 NORS HYDR command
PRIN SUM3 API WSD PUNC command
PRIN SUM3 API WSD NOMI command
PRIN SUM3 API LRFD JOIN command
PRIN SUM3 NPD JOIN command
PRIN SUM3 NORS JOIN command
No default DS449 command
No default POST command
No default ANPD MEMB command
No default BS59 command
Output Reports
43
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

BEAMST has a number of different types of output reports that may be printed selectively using the PRIN
command. The reports available are described in the following sections and are summarised in the following
tables.
Note, the first table indicates those reports which will be output when using the command PRIN ALL.
Output Reports Available for API/AISC Code Checks
Report
AISC/
API
WSD
ALLO
AISC
LRFD
MEMB
API
WSD
HYDR
API
WSD
NOMI
(<
ED21)
API
WSD
PUNC
(<
ED21)
API
WSD
JOIN
(>
ED21)
API
LRFD
MEMB
API
LRFD
HYDR
API
LRFD
JOIN
Data Echo
Command Summary
No. 1
No. 1 (FAIL)
No. 2
No. 2 (FAIL)
No. 3
No. 3 (FAIL)
No. 4
No. 4 (FAIL)
No. 5
Cross Check
Member Properties
Member Force
Member Stress
Unity Check
Summary Reports
Output Reports Available for European Code Checks

Report
BS59
MEMB
DS449
MEMB
DS449
JOIN
NPD
MEMB
NPD
JOIN
NORSOK
MEMB
NORSOK
HYDR
NORSOK
JOIN
POST
Data Echo
44
PRIN
Report
BS59
MEMB
DS449
MEMB
DS449
JOIN
NPD
MEMB
NPD
JOIN
NORSOK
MEMB
NORSOK
HYDR
NORSOK
JOIN
POST
Command Summary
No. 1
No. 1 (FAIL)
No. 2
No. 2 (FAIL)
No. 3
No. 3 (FAIL)
No. 4
No. 4 (FAIL)
No. 5
Cross Check
Member Properties
Member Force
Member Stress
Unity Check
Summary Reports
Output Reports Available for European Code Checks (Contd.)

Report
ISO
MEMB
ISO
HYDR
ISO
JOIN
Data Echo
Command Summary
Cross Check
Member Properties
Member Force
Member Stress
Unity Check
Summary Reports
45
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Report
ISO
MEMB
ISO
HYDR
ISO
JOIN
No. 1
No. 1 (FAIL)
No. 2
No. 2 (FAIL)
No. 3
No. 3 (FAIL)
No. 4
No. 4 (FAIL)
No. 5
Data Echo Report

The Data Echo Report echoes the input data for BEAMST together with any input error or warning messages
that may result.
Command Summary Report
The Command Summary Report contains details of the type and extent of the post-processing selected. For
code checking runs of BEAMST, this report begins with an expanded form of the header and sub-header
commands detailing the code checks being performed. For all BEAMST runs the details of the input and
output dimensional units, selected loadcases and selected reports are summarised next. Finally any member
(or joint)or joint invariant data that is pertinent to the type of post-processing selected is specified. The
Command Summary Report contains details of the input and output dimensional units, selected loadcases
and selected reports.
Input Data Cross Check Report
The Input Data Cross Check Report presents the input data in an expanded tabular format. This enables the
user to quickly validate the data and also enables BEAMST to highlight exactly where any conflicts or data
errors occur in the data.
For member calculations a list of sections to be reported is included for all elements selected. By default
only the end points and any step positions are reported. Other sections may be requested using the SECT
command.
Member Reports
Three member reports are available: Member Properties, Member Forces and Member Stresses. These reports
are printed for each selected element in sequential order:
Property - Force - Stress
These reports are not available for joint checks and are optional for all other types.
Member Property Report
46
PRIN
The Member Property Report gives all the relevant geometric and material data for each selected member
(element). The element number and element group is given at the top of the report along with the units in
use. The elements nodes and coordinates are printed next along with the elements length and associated
effective and unbraced lengths. The slenderness ratio, k /r is also printed.
The cross-section properties are then printed for each step of the element in turn. These consist of the
flexural properties (from ASAS or those associated with DESI commands), the material properties (from ASAS
and YIEL command) and the section dimensions (from ASAS or DESI command).
Member Force Report
The Member Force Report gives the six components of force at each section for each selected member
(element). The element number, its node numbers and group number are given at the top of the report
along with the units in use. The forces are then printed for each of the elements sections for each loadcase
in turn. The section positions are identified by number and ratio of position to element length. The first and
last sections will be at position 0.00 and 1.00 and relate to the ends of the element. Any intermediate sections
are either those specified by a SECT command or at the position of a step change in cross-section properties.
The section values are followed by the maximum value found at any section within the element and also
the position at which the maximum occurs.
When the SEAR command is in use the maximum may occur at a section position not reported in the section
data above. This is because the SEAR command causes additional sections on the element to be searched
without reporting.
The final two columns of the Member Force Report give the free moments in the local Y and Z directions.
Member Stress Report
The Member Stress Report gives the member stresses at each section for each selected member (element).
The element number, its node numbers and group number are given at the top of the report along with
the units in use. The stresses are then printed for each of the elements sections for each loadcase in turn.
The section positions are identified by number and ratio of position to element length. The first and last
sections will be at position 0.00 and 1.00 and relate to the ends of the element. Any intermediate sections
are either those specified by a SECT command or at the position of a step change in cross-section properties.
The section stresses are followed by the maximum stress found at any section within the element and also
the position at which the maximum occurs.
When the SEAR command is in use the maximum may occur at a section position not reported in the section
data above. This is because the SEAR command causes additional sections on the element to be searched
without reporting.
The final four columns of the Member Stress Report give the combined axial stress at four locations on the
section denoted A, B, C and D. These locations and the methods of combining the stress are given individually
for each section type in Appendix -D.
Unity Check Report
A single Unity Check Report is available in BEAMST for each type of Command data block which performs
a stress check to a design code and the PRIN parameter UNCK will select it. The report comprises member
acting stresses where such stresses differ or are not available from the Member Stress Report, allowable
stresses and unity checks appropriate to the design code check selected. Messages appropriate to the allowable stresses and unity check(s) which result appear on the right-hand side of the report as a four letter
code and are expanded in a Glossary printed at the end of the report. Members (or joints)or joints which
47
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

FAIL the unity check(s) or violate any design code clause are indicated so in this messages column. All unity
check values printed are limited to a maximum of 99.99.
The Unity Check Report for member checks is printed as a separate report for each element selected and if
selected together with Member Reports will be printed in the sequential order:
Properties - Force - Stress - Unity Check.
For joint checks, the Unity Check Reports for all selected joints are printed together.
The Unity Check Reports are further explained in the appropriate code check detailed description sections.
Summary Reports
Five types of Unity Check Summary Reports are in general available, examples of which are described in the
individual code check sections of this manual. For availability of each type refer to the tables above.
Summary Report number 1 comprises the highest yield and buckle combined stress unity checks and their
components for each selected element over all loadcases selected.
Summary Report number 2 comprises the highest buckle check and all unity checks at the section with the
highest yield combined stress unity check for each selected element over all loadcases selected.
Summary Report number 3 comprises the highest unity check for each selected loadcase for each element
or joint selected.
Summary Report number 4 comprises the three worst unity checks for each selected group or joint together
with a distribution of unity check values. The distribution is characterised by the number of unity checks
exceeding 1.0, the number less than 0.5 and the number in the mid-range. These default exceedence values
may be altered by the user by the addition of further parameters to the PRIN SUM4 command.
Summary Report number 5 provides information about the highest member forces and moments for each
selected group. For each force type (axial, shear, torque and bending) the worst four values are reported
together with the element number, loadcase number and position along the element.Separate tables are
printed for maximum positive and maximum negative force values. If spectral loadcases have been specified
then the maximum and minimum values for each of the force types are determined from the sixteen spectral
expansion cases prior to comparing with the forces from other loadcases. A spectral loadcase, therefore, can
appear only once for a given element/force type within a group.
If Summary Reports are selected in any Command data block presented to BEAMST, the program will automatically open an additional results file and write the Summary Reports selected to it. This additional output
file allows the Summary Reports to be accessed and viewed quicker by the user. The name of the file written
to is xxxxBM where xxxx is the fname parameter from the FILES command
For examples of the Unity Check Reports, see the appropriate code check detailed description sections.
Examples
PRIN XCHK PROP STRE SUNI MILLIMETRE KNEWTON
PRIN SUM3 SUM4 1.33 0.5 FAIL SUNI MM KN
PRIN SUM3 BOTH 0.95 SUM4 1.33 0.5 FAIL 0.85 SUNI MM KN
48
PROF
PROF
The PROF command enables a section profile to be defined in terms of type, dimensions and properties for
use with the DESI command.
Parameters
PROF : Keyword.
section : Name of the section (up to 12 alphanumeric characters).
type : Alphanumeric keyword specifying the section type. Section types currently available are:
TUB - Tube
WF - Doubly symmetric Rolled I-section (e.g. UB, UC, Joist,WFC, WF)
RHS - Rectangular Hollow Section (RHS)
PRI - Rectangular Solid Section
FBI - Fabricated I-section (NS3472 only)
CHAN - Channel Section
ANGL - Angle Section
TEE :- Tee Section

XSEC : Keyword to denote that section dimensions follow.
dimensions : Section dimensions. See Appendix -D for the details of which dimensions are required for
each section type (Real).
FLEX : Keyword to denote that section properties follow.
flexprops : Section geometric properties (Real).
For all section types this is AX, IZ, IY, J, AY, AZ where:
AX - Cross sectional area
IZ - Principal moment of inertia about element local Z axis
IY - Principal moment of inertia about element local Y axis
J - Torsion constant
AY - Effective shear area for forces in element local Y direction
AZ - Effective shear area for forces in element local Z direction

proptype : Name of the geometric property to be defined. Valid names are AX, IZ, IY, J, AY, AZ with the
meaning as above.
49
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

prop : Value to be assigned to the named geometric property.
GYRA : Keyword to denote that radii of gyrations follow.
radg : Radii of gyration. Up to two values may be specified for RY and RZ respectively. A third value, RT,
may be given for WF and FBI section types.
radtype : Name of radius of gyration to be defined.
radius : Value to be assigned to the specified radius of gyration.
Usage
Optional for all command data blocks.
Notes
1.
For a given section identifier the XSEC information must be provided. FLEX and/or GYRA values may
also be supplied with the following interpretations: If only XSEC is defined, the geometric flexural
properties and radii of gyration will be automatically calculated by the program from the section dimensions. If both XSEC and FLEX commands are utilised, any geometric properties explicitly defined
will overwrite those calculated from the section dimensions. This feature should be used with care
since many codes of practice compute effective section properties, which may be incompatible with
those provided explicitly. If both XSEC and GYRA commands are utilised, any radii explicitly defined
will overwrite those calculated from the flexural properties. The FLEX and GYRA commands may
not be defined without an associated XSEC command.
2.
If FLEX and/or GYRA data is required, this must be provided on separate PROF command lines.
Examples
PROFILE
PROFILE
PROFILE
PROFILE
RHS22x16 RHS XSEC 22.5 16.8 0.2 0.8

RHS22x16 FLEX 15.32 1164.5 749.81 1443.6
BOX19x11 BOX XSEC 19.2 11.6 0.4 0.2
RHS22x16 GYRA
PROJECT
The PROJECT command is used to define the project name for the current run.
The PROJECT command is a preliminary command, and should only appear at the head of the BEAMST
data set.
Parameters
PROJECT : Keyword.
pname : Project name for current run (Alphanumeric, 4 characters, first character must be alphabetic).
Usage
Optional, if omitted project name defaults to ASAS.
Notes
50
RENU
1.
All runs with the same project name access the same database. A project database consists of one
project file (with a file name consisting of the 4 characters of pname with the number 10 appended),
which acts as an index to other files created under this project, together with those other files.
Examples
PROJECT HIJK
QUAK
The QUAK command is used to specify which basic and/or combined loadcases are allowed earthquake
permitted overstress for earthquake/seismic conditions.
Parameters
QUAK : Keyword.
Usage
Optional for member allowable stress, hydrostatic collapse and tubular joint punching shear command data
blocks.
Notes
1.
Examples
QUAK 2 4
QUAK l 19 40 67 72
RENU
The RENU command is used to alter the loadcase numbers of basic loadcases presented to BEAMST on files
saved from a previous ASAS, RESPONSE or LOCO analysis.
Parameters
RENU : Keyword.
oldcase : Basic loadcase number existing on the files saved for BEAMST by a previous analysis (Integer).
INTO : Keyword.
newcase : New loadcase number to be assigned to the oldcase. (Integer)
Usage
51
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Optional - may be used in any command data block.
Notes
1.
The user is strongly advised if using the RENU command to position it within the command data block
immediately following the Header Command. Any command following it which refers to basic loadcases
must refer to newcase(s).
Examples
RENU 17 INTO 77
RENUMBER 84 INTO 23
RENU 72 INTO 1071
SAFE
The SAFE command is used to specify loadcase dependent safety factors for hydrostatic collapse checks
and their associated basic and/or combined user loadcase numbers.
Parameters
SAFE : Keyword.
value1 : Safety factor for axial compressive loading (Real).
value2 : Safety factor for axial tensile loading (Real).
value3 : Safety factor for hoop compressive loading (Real).
CASE : Keyword denoting loadcase numbers follow.
Usage
Optional for hydrostatic collapse data blocks.
Notes
1.
All values not defined default according to loadcase type (as defined by EXTR or QUAK commands)
as follows:
Loadcase Type
Value1
Value2
Value3
Not defined
2.00
1.67
2.00
EXTR
1.50
1.25
1.50
QUAK
1.20
1.00
1.20
2.
The value for axial compressive loading is checked against the AISC safety factor for column buckling
under axial compression and the greater of the two is taken.
3.
Examples
52
SEAR
SAFE
SAFE
SAFE
SAFE
1.67
1.30
1.30
1.30
CASE 16
1.25 CASE 1 6 10
0.90 1.430 CASE 99 102
0.90 1.30 CASE 99 102
SAVE
The SAVE command is used to define the plot file which is to be saved for subsequent display by the relevant
plotting program, or to save the intermediate file.
The SAVE command is a preliminary command, and should only appear at the head of the BEAMST
data set.
Parameters
SAVE : Keyword.
FEMS : Keyword to save the FEMVIEW plot file.
FEMF : Keyword to save only member forces/moments on the FEMVIEW plot file.
FEMU : Keyword to save only unity check values on the FEMVIEW plot file.
FILES : Keyword.
CREATE : Keyword to signify model data is to be included (default).
APPEND : Keyword to signify no model data to be included
model : Model name to be used by FEMVIEW
FILE : Keyword to indicate filename follows.
filename : Name of FEMVIEW file to be created.
Usage
Optional.
Notes
1.
The plot files are mutually exclusive and only one may be specified within any BEAMST analysis.
2.
CREATE/APPEND and following data is only valid for FEMS, FEMF, FEMU.
3.
FILE may only be omitted if model is specified.
4.
The default interface file will be named nnnnFS for FEMVIEW interface files where nnnn is the backing
file name for files created by this run.
Examples
SAVE FEMS FILE
SEAR
The SEAR command is used to request a search for the maximum value of force, stress or unity check at a
series of sections along a beam, in addition to those explicitly requested on the SECT command.
53
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST
Parameters
SEAR : Keyword.
values : Beam search section position (Real).
ELEM : Keyword to denote selection by element number.
GROUP : Keyword to denote selection by element group number.
Usage
Optional - applicable to all member checking and post-processing command data.
Notes
1.
Beam section search positions are defined in the range 0.0 to 1.0 where 0.0 and 1.0 refer to beam ends
1 and 2 respectively.
2.
Element definition of section information overrides group number definition. See BEAMST Priority of
Data Assignments (p. 10).
3.
If no values are supplied, a default set of up to five positions will be used for each beam. For unstepped
beams, search positions of 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75 will be used. For stepped beams, search positions of
0.1667, 0.3333, 0.5, 0.6667 and 0.8333 will be used.
4.
The forces and stresses used in the calculation of the coefficients Cb, Cmy and Cmz and the combined
buckle unity check are obtained by taking the maximum values from all of the sections checked i.e.
the beam ends, step positions for stepped beams and any sections defined by way of SEAR and/or
SECT commands.
5.
Results are only reported for sections defined by the SEAR command if they give maximum forces,
moments, stresses or unity check values.
Examples
SEAR 0.25 0.50 0.75 ELEM 17 84 TO 214
SEARCH 0.50 ELEM ALL
SEAR 0.1 0.9 GROU 0 2 6
SEARCH ELEM 1 TO 55
SEARCH
SECO
The SECO command is used to specify that certain elements defined by their element, group or geometric
property numbers are to be classed as secondary members for checking against allowable stresses or to be
excluded from joint punching shear checks.
54
SECT
Parameters
SECO : Keyword.
PROP : Keyword to denote selection by geometric property number.
integer list : List of user element numbers, groups or geometric property numbers (Integer).
Usage
Optional for member allowable stress check and joint punching shear checking command data blocks.
Notes
Examples
SECONDARY ELEMENTS 10 15 21
SECO GROUPS 16 TO 24
SECO PROPERTIES 14 17 19 TO 2
SECO ELEM 20 TO 44
SECO GROUP 19 26
SECO PROP 16 14 TO 19
SECT
The SECT command is used to specify the intermediate beam section positions which are to be reported
for the selected elements or groups.
Parameters
SECT : Keyword.
value : Beam section position (Real).
integer list : List of user element numbers or group numbers (Integer).
Usage
Optional - applicable to all member checking and post-processing command data.
Notes
55
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

1.
Beam section search positions are defined in the range 0.0 to 1.0 where 0.0 and 1.0 refer to beam ends
1 and 2 respectively.
2.
3.
Beam end positions (plus step positions for stepped beams) by default are reported in addition to any
beam section positions specified on SECT commands.
4.
For a stand alone BEAMST run, all sections defined by the FORC command together with any sections
defined on the SECT commands are reported. However, those sections which are not given
force/moment values on a FORC command will report zero values, except for the Free Moments.
Examples
SECT 0.25 0.50 0.75 ELEM 17 84 TO 214
SECTION 0.50 ELEM ALL
SECT 0.1 0.9 GROU 0 2 6
SELE
The SELE command is used to define a combined loadcase title. It may also be used to redefine basic loadcase
titles presented to BEAMST on files saved from a previous ASAS, RESPONSE or LOCO analysis.
Parameters
SELE : Keyword.
case : Combined or basic loadcase number (Integer).
title : New loadcase title, up to 40 characters.
Usage
Optional and may be used in any command data block.
Notes
1.
A blank space must exist between case and title.
2.
Continuation lines are not permitted.
3.
If omitted, the basic loadcase titles remain as from the previous analysis and the combined loadcase
titles are blank.
Examples
SELE 17 COMBINED LOADCASE TITLE EXAMPLE
SELECT 82 REDEFINED BASIC LOADCASE TITLE
SIMP
The SIMP command is used to select elements for which the simplified code check methods described in
BS5950 are to be used. These simplified methods are applicable to plastic and compact members for the
axial plus moment and the overall buckling unity checks. Details of the simplified methods are given in the
BS5950 Theory section.
56
SPEC
Parameters
SIMP : Keyword.
Usage
Optional for BS59 command data block.
Notes
1.
By default the more rigorous checks will be carried out for all elements.
Examples
SIMP ELEM ALL
SIMP ELEM 20 TO 60
SIMP ELEM 10 15 20
SPEC
The SPEC command is used to specify which basic loadcases selected for reporting on CASE commands
and which basic loadcases referred to on CMBV or COMB commands originate from response spectrum
analysis and are to be subject to automatic signed expansion procedures when stress checking to a design
code.
Parameters
SPEC : Keyword.
integer list : List of response spectrum basic loadcases in the data, or ALL for all loadcases (Integer).
Usage
Optional - this command is only applicable for the following code checks:
AISC WSD ALLO
API WSD ALLO
API WSD NOMI
API WSD PUNC
API LRFD JOIN
API LRFD MEMB
Notes
57
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

1.
This command is only required if automatic signed expansion of response spectrum loadcases is required, otherwise they may be treated as linear static with the omission of this command.
2.
If omitted all basic loadcase are assumed to be linear static.
Examples
SPEC 1 7 19 206
SPEC ALL
SPEC 1 7 28 TO 99
STRU
The STRU command is used to define the name of an existing structure within the current project for which
the results are to be processed in this run.
The STRU command is a preliminary command, and should only appear at the head of the BEAMST
data set.
Parameters
STRU : Keyword.
sname : Structure name identifying which existing structure is to be accessed from the current project,
see PROJ command (Alphanumeric, four characters, the first character must be alphabetic).
Usage
Compulsory.
Notes
1.
See also COMP command.
Examples
STRUCTURE SHIP
STUB
The STUB command is used to specify end stub diameter and wall thickness at both or either end of TUBE
elements, or other beam elements defined as having tubular cross-section.
Parameters
STUB : Keyword.
END1, END2 : Optional keywords.
value1 : End stub outside diameter of END1 (Real).
value2 : End stub wall thickness at END1 (Real)
58
SYST
value3 : End stub outside diameter of END1 (Real).
value4 : End stub wall thickness at END2 (Real)
GROU : Keyword to denote selection by element group number.
PROP : Keyword to denote selection by geometric property number.
integer list : List of user element numbers, group numbers or geometric property numbers (Integer).
Usage
Optional for tubular joint punching shear command data blocks.
Notes
1.
Element definition of stub diameter and wall thickness overrides group definition, which in turn overrides
geometric property number definitions. See BEAMST Priority of Data Assignments (p. 10).
2.
All tubular end diameters and wall thicknesses not redefined using the STUB command will default
to those of ASAS analysis unless redefined via the DESI command.
3.
Examples
STUB
STUB
STUB
STUB
STUB
0.702 0.052 ELEM 1 TO 16 24 99

END1 0.702 0.052 ELEM ALL
END2 0.762 0.064 GROUP 77 92
0.072 0.052 0.762 0.064 PROP 64 72
END1 0.072 0.052 END2 0.762 0.064 GROU 1 TO 9
SYST
The SYST command is used to define the amount of memory used for data by this run.
The SYST command is a preliminary command, and should only appear at the head of the BEAMST
data set.
Parameters
SYST : Keyword.
DATA AREA : Keywords.
memory : Amount of memory (in 4 byte words) to be used by this run. Typical values are between 30000
and 1000000.
Usage
Optional.
Examples
SYSTEM DATA AREA 80000
59
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST
TEXT
The TEXT command is used to define a line of text to be printed once only at the beginning of the output.
Several TEXT lines may be defined to give a fuller description of the current analysis on the printed output.
The TEXT command is a preliminary command, and should only appear at the head of the BEAMST
data set.
Parameters
TEXT : Keyword.
text : This line of text will be printed once, at the beginning of the output (Alphanumeric, up to 75
characters).
Usage Optional.
Examples
TEXT THIS EXAMPLE OF THE
TEXT TEXT COMMAND IS SPREAD
TEXT OVER THREE LINES
TITLE
The TITLE command is used to specify/redefine the global title which is printed at the top of each page of
the BEAMST output.
Parameters
TITLE : Keyword.
title : New page title, up to 60 characters.
Usage
Optional.
Notes
1.
If omitted, the global title defaults to that defined on the TITLE command in the BEAMST preliminary
data.
2.
A blank space must exist between TITLE and title.
3.
The global title once redefined using the TITLE command remains as such until another TITLE command
is processed from the BEAMST command data block.
4.
Any number of TITLE commands may be used.
Examples
60
TYPE
TITLE Example Title Command - (CASE NO. 1 * 1.20)
TOPO
The TOPO command is used to define the elements and associated step and length information for all elements to be processed in a stand alone run.
The TOPO command should only be used when running BEAMST in stand alone mode.
Parameters
TOPO : Keyword.
node1 : Node number at the beginning of the element. If omitted then the program defaults to 1 (Integer).
node2 : Node number at the end of the element. If omitted then the program defaults to 2 (Integer).
PRIS : Keyword to denote that this element is prismatic.
length : Physical length of the element (Real).
STEP : Keyword to denote that this element is stepped.
stpno : Step number - must form a sequence from 1 to the number of steps on the element (Integer).
stlen : Step length (Real).
ELEM : Keyword to denote that element number follows.
elno : User element number (Integer).
GROU : Keyword to denote that group number follows.
grpno : Group number to be assigned to this element, if omitted then defaults to 0 (Integer).
Usage
Compulsory. All TOPO commands must be placed together immediately following the preliminary data
block.
Notes
1.
Note that the TOPO data block must be terminated by an END data line.
2.
For stepped beams stpno and stlen must be defined for every section of a stepped member. See example below.
3.
The group number specification is optional, but is often useful for simplifying the input of other data.
(e.g. YIEL data).
Examples
TOPO 1 2 PRIS 10. ELEM 20 GROU 1
TOPO 2 4 STEP 1 10. 2 20. 3 10. ELEM 30
TYPE
The TYPE command is used to specify joint type and joint brace member.
61
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST
Parameters
TYPE : Keyword.
node : Node number to which the brace connects to form the joint.
per : Percentage denoting that portion of the brace punching load that is carried by a joint of classification
type1, the remainder being carried by type2 (Integer).
type1, type2 : Joint type classifications, as follows:
K - K joints
T - T & Y joints
TY - T & Y joints
Y - T & Y joints
YT - T & Y joints
DT - Cross joints - Double-T joints
X - Cross joints - X joints

brace : User element number of the brace (Integer).
brace2 : User element number of the second brace of a K joint or X joint (Integer).
This value is only valid for the following code checks:
API WSD JOIN - Used to identify 2nd member for geometry based K and X joint gap calculations.
DS449 - Used to calculate mean brace diameter for gap/diameter ratios in K joint assessments.
NORSOK - Used to identify balancing member for K joint assessments.

value : Gap dimension for K joints or offset for X joints (Real).
CASE : Keyword to denote that loadcase numbers follow.
ALL : Keyword to denote all loadcases.
DEFL : Keyword denoting that the defaults type classifications follow.
dtype1 : Default joint (chord/brace pair) type for non perpendicular brace members (smaller included
angle between brace and chord is less than or equal to 80 degrees).
dtype2 : Default joint type for perpendicular brace members (smaller included angle between brace
and chord is greater than 80 degrees). This value is optional, defaults to T.
Usage
Optional for K or T & Y joint punching shear and brace end fatigue command data blocks. Compulsory for
models containing cross joints that are to be processed in the current run, except for those being assessed
using the API WSD JOIN check. For the API WSD JOIN check a load dependant classification will be carried
out. In this case the axial load will determine the proportion of joint type for each brace member for each
loadcase. In this instance note 1 below does not apply and default values using TYPE DEFL are not applicable.
Notes
62
ULCF
1.
In the absence of any TYPE command(s) at a joint, joints will automatically be classified as K or T &
Y, depending upon each brace-chord pair geometry.
2.
If per is omitted, the joint is classified as 100% joint type1. If per is less than 100, type2 must be
present.
3.
All joint types not specified with the TYPE command default to those in the TYPE DEFL command. If
a TYPE DEFL command is not present joints are automatically classified. See the appropriate sections
for joint checks in the relevant codes of practice.
4.
If the gap dimension is omitted the default value specified by the GAPD command is assumed. If
the GAPD command does not appear, or in the case of API WSD JOIN a second brace is not defined,
a gap of 2 inches is used.
5.
All user loadcase numbers must be explicitly defined if the CASE keyword is employed. If not the
shorthand syntax ALL is permissible.
6.
For X and K joints, separate type commands are required to fully define opposing braces.
Examples
TYPE
TYPE
TYPE
TYPE
TYPE
TYPE
TYPE
16 90 K TY 14 CASE 1 10
20 K 46 ALL
240 60 K X 17 CASE 1 4 10 12 19
68 40 DT Y 92 ALL
79 75 YT K 107 CASE 93
81 70 K X 15 100.0 ALL
DEFL Y T
ULCF
The ULCF command is used to specify the unbraced length of the compression flange used in calculations
for lateral buckling due to bending in allowable stress command data blocks or the unstiffened length of
cylinder between stiffening rings, diaphragms or end connections in hydrostatic collapse command data
blocks.
Parameters
ULCF : Keyword.
FACT : Keyword to denote that unbraced length is to be specified as factor of element length.
factor : Factor of element length (Real).
LENG : Keyword to denote that unbraced length is to be specified explicitly.
length : Unbraced length (Real).
ELEM : Keyword to denote that element numbers follow.
GROU : Keyword to denote that group numbers follow.
integer list : List of user element numbers or element group numbers (Integer).
Usage
Optional for all stress checks to design code command data blocks.
63
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Notes
1.
If neither FACT nor LENG is specified, then LENG is assumed by default.
2.
A length of zero (0.0) can be provided to indicate that lateral and torsional buckling are to be restrained
for I beams when carrying out allowable stress checks to NS3472E.
3.
If the ULCF command is omitted, the unbraced/unstiffened length is assumed equal to the element
length.
4.
For column buckling checks an UNBR command is also required.
Examples
ULCF 22.0 ELEM 10 TO 20
ULCF FACT 0.7 GROUP 10 12 TO 19 49
UNBR
The UNBR command is used to specify the unbraced lengths y and z used in calculating slenderness ratios
K /r for column buckling calculations about each axis. With this command either unbraced lengths can be
specified or factors by which the actual element length must be multiplied.
Parameters
UNBR : Keyword.
FACT : Keyword to denote that unbraced length is to be specified as factor of element length.
factor1, factor2 : Factors of element length (Real).
LENG : Keyword to denote that unbraced length is to be specified explicitly.
length1, length2 : Unbraced lengths (Real).
integer list : List of user element numbers or element group numbers (Integer).
Usage
Optional for AISC , API , BS59 , DS449 and NORS member checking command data blocks.
Notes
1.
If neither FACT nor LENG is specified, then LENG is assumed by default.
2.
If only one value is specified,
3.
If the UNBR command is omitted unbraced lengths are assumed equal to member lengths.
4.
For local buckling and hydrostatic checks a ULCF command is also required.
and
are both set to it; otherwise
is set to value1 and
Examples
UNBR 22.0 15.0 ELEM 101 106 112
UNBR FACT 0.9 1.0 ELEM 10 TO 15
64
to value2.
UNIT
UNBR LENG 33.0 ELEM 59
UNIT
The UNIT command is used to define the units which have been used in the previous analysis and also to
define the units to be used to print the stress results.
Parameters
UNIT : Keyword.
STRE : Keyword.
The STRE keyword is a preliminary option, and should only be present when the UNIT command
is used at the head of the BEAMST data set.
unitnm : Name of unit to be utilised (see Notes).
Usage
If units were not used in the previous analysis then this command is compulsory, otherwise it is optional.
Notes
1.
By default, the analysis units used in the previous analysis will be used.
2.
If analysis units were not defined for the previous analysis, the units used MUST be specified here. If
analysis units were defined for the previous analysis, they can be reconfirmed here but cannot be
changed.
3.
If it is required to print the results in different units from the analysis units, these units may be defined
with this command using the keyword STRE followed by the unit or units to be changed.
4.
The units for printed results can also be defined on the PRIN command. If PRIN is used in addition
to UNIT STRE , the PRIN values will override the UNIT STRE values.
5.
Only those output units which are required to be modified need to be specified, undefined terms will
default to analysis units. Valid unit names are as follows:
Length
Force
METRE(S)
CENTIMETRE(S)
CM
MILLIMETRE(S)
MM
MICROMETRE(S)
MICM
NANOMETRE(S)
NANM
FOOT, FEET
FT
INCH, INCHES
IN
NEWTON(S)
KILONEWTON(S)
KN
MEGANEWTON(S)
MN
TONNEFORCE(S)
TNEF
65
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

POUNDAL(S)
PDL
POUNDFORCE
LBF
KIP(S)
KIP
TONFORCE(S)
TONF
KGFORCE(S)
KGF
Examples
To define or reconfirm the analysis units
UNIT N M
To change the length unit to millimetres for printed output
UNIT STRE MM
WAVE
The WAVE command is used to specify Wave Height and Period for the calculation of wave induced hydrostatic pressure head.
Parameters
WAVE : Keyword.
value1 : Wave Height (Real).
value2 : Wave Period in seconds (Real).
Usage
Optional for hydrostatic collapse checks.
Notes
1.
If omitted, the still water level is used for hydrostatic check (see ELEV command).
2.
The unit of Wave Height must be identical with that specified on the current UNIT command.
Examples
WAVE 5.0 10.0
YIEL
The YIEL command is used to specify the yield stress to be used for each element, group or material property
in the requested report. This yield stress may be referenced to a particular step number within the elements
defined by the element, group or material property lists.
Parameters
66
AISC Working Stress Design Allowable Member Stress Check (AISC WSD ALLO)
YIEL : Keyword.
value : The yield stress (Real).
STEP : Keyword to denote that step number follows.
stepno : Step number to which the yield stress is referenced (Integer).
MATE : Keyword to denote that material numbers follow.
integer list : List of user element, group or material property numbers to be assigned this yield stress
(Integer).
Usage
Compulsory for all stress checks to design code command data blocks.
Notes
1.
The yield stress must be entered in the same units as defined by the current UNIT command.
2.
If a step reference is given only that step for elements specified within the element list, group number
list or material property number list is assigned this yield stress.
Examples
YIELD 2.0E8 ELEM ALL
YIEL 20000.0 ELEM 75 TO 80
YIEL 4.137E5 STEP 3 ELEM 1 6 16 TO 94 197
YIELD 3.447E5 STEP 20 GROUP ALL
YIELD 20000.0 MATE 5 8
BEAMST AISC Theory

The AISC command data block is used to request checking of members to the AISC WSD standard (Ref. 1)
and AISC LRFD (Ref. 23). Currently tubular, I-shaped and hollow rectangular section types are supported.
Note, all the equations and formulae in this chapter assume units of Kips and Inches.
AISC WSD ALLO Overview
The AISC WSD ALLO command set is used to request that extreme fibre allowable stresses be calculated
and unity checks be performed according to the AISC design specification (Ref. 1).
The AISC WSD specification is written in terms of member yield strengths, so a YIELd command must be
used to specify the yield strength. The units of the yield strength must be those of the UNIT command
(BEAMST Command Reference (p. 5)).
Members may be selected for processing by elements and/or groups. The member section types must be
specified (if not specified in the structural analysis) using DESI commands. Further commands are available
for defining structural characteristics of the members (EFFE, UNBR and ULCF ) and for specifying members
that are classified as secondary (SECO).
Loadcases from the preceding structural analysis may be selected for processing using the CASE command
and/or new loadcases formed from combinations of existing loadcases using the COMB and CMBV commands.
67
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

The AISC permitted one third increase in allowable stresses for wind or seismic loading may be requested
on a loadcase basis using the EXTR command.
The SECT command may be used to define intermediate points along a member at which member forces
are to be evaluated, checked and reported. These are in addition to results automatically printed at the
member end points and positions of any step change in cross-section properties. For the code checks it is
necessary to ensure the maximum acting bending moment and stresses are evaluated. Since this may not
occur at one of the selected locations, BEAMST has a SEARch command which causes the moments and
stresses to be evaluated at every L/4 and L/6 (L = beam length) for prismatic and stepped beams respectively.
These extra locations are in addition to those selected and the results at these locations are only presented
if they give the maximum moments or stresses.
The selection of output reports is made using the PRIN command with the appropriate parameters for the
required reports. The PRIN command is also used to request the various summary reports available and to
set exceedence values for the unity checks. Four summary reports are available:
Summary report 1 is requested with the PRIN SUM1 command subcommand and gives the highest local
buckling, global buckling and yield unity check values for each element.
Summary report 2 is requested with the PRIN SUM2 command and gives the highest buckle check and all
unity checks at the section with the highest yield combined stress unity check for each element.
Summary report 3 is requested with the PRIN SUM3 command and consists of the highest unity check for
each selected loadcase for each element selected.
Summary report 4 is requested with the PRIN SUM4 command and provides the three worst unity checks
for each selected group, together with the distribution of unity check values. The distribution provides information on the number of unity checks exceeding an upper limit (default 1.0), less than a lower limit (default
0.5), and the number in the mid-range.
A complete list of the command set available for the AISC WSD code check is given in AISC WSD ALLO
Commands (p. 68) below. An example data file is given in Example of AISC WSD ALLO data file (p. 69).
Command
Description
Usage
Note
AISC WSD ALLO
AISC WSD ALLOwable stress header command
UNIT
Units of length and force
YIEL
Yield stress
GROU
Groups to be reported
ELEM
Elements to be reported
SECT
Sections to be reported
SECO
Secondary members
SEAR
Search other sections in addition to those requested on the SECT command for maximum forces
and stresses
DESI
Defines design section properties
68
Command
Description
Usage
Note
PROF
Section profiles for use in design
EFFE
Effective lengths/factors
CB
Pure bending Cb coefficient
CMY/CMZ
Amplification reduction factors Cmy/Cmz
UNBR
Unbraced lengths of element
ULCF
Unbraced length of compression flange
CASE
Basic loadcases to be reported
COMB
Define a combined loadcase for processing
CMBV
SELE
Select/redefine a combined/basic loadcase title
SPEC
Basic loadcases from response spectrum analysis
RENU
Renumber a basic loadcase
EXTR
Loadcases allowing 33% overstress
QUAK
Loadcases with earthquake permitted overstress
PRIN
Reports to be printed
TEXT
Text or comment command
TITL
Redefine global title
END
Terminates command data block
Usage
C Compulsory command, but see notes below where applicable.
Notes
1.
See the Command Reference section, specifically the UNIT command.
2.
At least one GROUP or ELEM command must be included.
3.
Compulsory for non-tubular elements unless sections have been used in the preceding analyses for
all elements to be processed.
4.
At least one CASE, CMBV or COMB command must be included.

TEXT BEAMST USER MANUAL EXAMPLE STRUCTURE T0847
JOB POST
PROJECT MANU
COMPONENT PILE DECA
OPTION GOON
END
69
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

AISC WSD ED9 ALLO
*
* Select all elements using the GROUP command except
* elements 991 and 992 - dummy elements
*
GROUP ALL
NOT ELEMENT 991 992
UNIT KN M
*
* Define section properties for some elements that
* used areas and inertia values in the ASAS run
*
UNITS MM
DESI RHS 900.0 400.0 40.0 ELEMENT 851 TO 854 861
: 931 TO 942
UNITS M
*
* Examine two load cases including jacket loading
*
SELE 10 Extreme Wave 1 + Dead Loads + Topside Loads
COMB 10 1.0 1 1.0 3 1.0 4
COMB 11 1.0 2 1.0 3 1.0 4
*
* Indicate that these loadcases are extreme events
*
EXTR 10 11
*
* Yield Value Constant for all elements
*
*
* Main deck beams use effective length
* coefficient of 1.0
* Deck columns use effective length coeff of 1.2
* Note that the element definition overrides the
* group definition irrespective of order
*
EFFE 0.8 ELEM 851 To 854
EFFE 1.0 GROU ALL
*
* Unbraced lengths need redefining
* assumes no lateral restraint from deck plating
*
UNBR FACT 1.0 2.0 ELEM 701 704
UNBR FACT 2.0 ELEM 702 703
UNBR LENG 4.875 19.5 ELEM 711 713
UNBR LENG 9.75 19.5 ELEM 712
*
* Override program computed moment amplification RF
*
70
CMZ 0.85 ELEM 711 712 713
CMZ 0.85 ELEM 701 TO 704
CMY 0.85 ELEM 702 703
CMY 0.85 ELEM 706 707
*
* Check mid-span and quarter point sections
*
SECT 0.25 0.5 0.75 ELEM ALL
*
* Ask explicitly for all reports
*
PRIN XCHK PROP UNCK FORC STRE SUNI N MM SUM1 SUM2 SUM3 SUM4 BOTH
END
STOP
AISC WSD ALLO Unity Check Report

The detailed unity check report is presented on an element by element basis. The header line displays the
element number, the associated node numbers, the element group number and the units in use. The results
are printed for each of the selected positions (or sections) on the element for each loadcase in turn. The
first columns of the report define the loadcase, section number and position as a ratio of the elements
length.
The allowable stresses for axial, shear and bending (in local Y and Z axes) stresses are presented in the next
columns of the report. These are preceded by a alphanumeric descriptor (CODE) that indicates the derivation
of each of the allowable stresses. These descriptors are of the form:
T.XVYZ or C.XVYZ
T or C defines whether the member is in tension or compression, XVYZ are individual alpha codes which
relate to the axial(X), shear(V), and bending(Y,Z) allowable stresses. These alpha codes specify the design
code clause or equation used to evaluate the allowable stresses and are defined in Allowable Stress alphabetic
codes (p. 71).
Stress
Code
Clause
Description
B7
axial tension - B7 satisfied
B7
axial tension - B7 violated
(E2-1)
axial compression - E2 satisfied
(A-B5-9)
axial compression - E2 violated
(A-B5-12)
axial compression - kL/r > Cc'
(B5.2.b)
axial compression, tubular section, Appendix B

controlling
(F4-2)
shear buckle
(F4-1)
shear yield
user defined
71
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Stress
Code
Clause
Description
(F3-1)
Major - I, H, Boxes/Major and Minor - Tube
(F2-1)
Minor - I, H, Boxes and Solid Rectangular Sections
(F1-4)
Major - I, H
(F2-3)
Minor - I, H
(F3-3)
Major and Minor - Boxes
(A-B5-3)
Major and Minor - I, H
(A-B5-4)
(A-B5-7)
Major and Minor - Boxes
(A-B5-9)
(AISC 1.5.1.4.5(1))
(F1.3)
Major - I, H
(F1-6)
Major - I, H
(F1-7)
Major - I, H
(F1-8)
Major - I, H
(F1-5)
Major - Solid Rectangular Section
(E2-1) (C-F3-1)
Major - Boxes
(E2-2) (C-F3-1)
Major - Boxes
For example, the unity check CODE combination

C.CYCC
indicates that the member is in compression and that the following clause/equations were used to derive
the allowable stresses:
Axial - C = (E2-1) axial compression - E2 satisfied
Shear - Y = (F4-1) shear yield
Bending Y - B = (F2-1) Minor - I, H, Boxes and Solid Rectangular Sections
Bending Z - A = (F3-1) Major - I and H
The last two characters are always the same for tubular members.
The final column of the table, headed Messages, flags all lines of results where any of the checks have failed.
These messages may be summarised as follows:
FAIL - Code check failure for this member
*** - Unity check value exceeds unity
72
** - Unity check value exceeds 0.9
SLRF - Slenderness ratio greater than 200 for a compression member
SLRW - Slenderness ratio greater than 300 for a tension member
SHYF - Shear yielding failure
DTRF - D/t ratio exceeds 13000/fy (ksi units)
WBIC - Web plate ineffective in axial compression
FLIC - Flange plate ineffective in axial compression
FLIB - Flange plate ineffective in major axis bending
PEWB - Partially effective web(s), major axis bending allowable reduced
PEFL - Partially effective flange(s), minor axis bending allowable reduced
WBSF - Flange buckling requiring web stiffeners
SHBF - Shear buckling failure
WBHP - Web requires stiffening
CONS - Unbraced length of compression flange less than element length, conservative assumption for
CB, CM
HAND - Unbraced length of compression flange exceeds element length, manual check required, CB,
CM defaulted
AISC WSD ALLO Nomenclature

AISC WSD ALLO Nomenclature - Dimensional
(a) Rolled Sections
(b) Welded Sections
D - Tube outside diameter

73
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

t - Thickness
b - Actual width of box flange plates, I flange effective width, solid rectangular overall width
be - Effective width of stiffened compression elements
d - Depth of I, box and solid rectangular sections
h - Clear distance between flanges
he - Effective depth of stiffened compression web elements
tf - flange plate thickness
tw - Web plate thickness
k, kw, kz - Effective length factors. Subscript refers to the associated axis. No subscript refers to either
axis as appropriate.
L - Unbraced member length about either axis as appropriate
LULCF - Unstiffened length of the compression flange
rT - Torsional radius of gyration
r, ry, rz - Radii of gyration. Subscript refers to the associated axis. No subscript refers to either axis as appropriate.
Aw - Cross-sectional area of the web(s)
Af - Cross-sectional area of the flange(s)
AISC WSD ALLO Nomenclature - Acting Stresses

fa - Computed axial stress
fb - Resultant bending stress for tubes
fb, fby, fbz - Computed bending stresses for non-tubulars. Subscript refers to the associated axis. No subscript refers to either axis as appropriate
fvy, fvz - Shear stresses. Subscript refers to the associated axis
fvmax - Shear stress for tube
AISC WSD ALLO Nomenclature - Allowable Stresses

Cb - Bending coefficient
Cmy, Cmz - Amplification reduction factors for y and z axis buckle checks
E - Youngs modulus
Fa - Axial compression stress
Fbcy, Fbcz - Bending stress for compression. The last subscript refers to the associated axis
Fbty, Fbtz - Bending stress for tension. The last subscript refers to the associated axis
Fe - Euler buckling stress
Ft - Axial tension stress
Fv, Fvy, Fvz - Shear stress. Second subscript refers to the associated axis.
fy - Yield stress
UCax - Axial unity check (tension or compression)
UCvy,UCvz - Shear unity check
UCvmax - Shear resultant unity check for tubes
UCby, UCbz - Pure bending unity check
UCB - Combined axial compression and bending buckle check
UCY - combined axial and bending yield check
UCCSR - Upper bound member buckling check
AISC WSD Allowable Stresses and Unity Checks

The equations defined in the following section assume units of Kips and inches.
74
AISC WSD Allowable Stress Increase

Working stress design codes permit allowable stresses to be increased above those appropriate to Ordinary
conditions for other conditions. The percentage increase in allowable stresses to be applied to the allowable
stresses quoted herein for different loadcase types are:
Type
Axial/Bending
Shear
Ordinary
0.0
0.0
Extreme
33.33
33.33
Earthquake
33.33
33.33
AISC WSD ALLO - Axial Tension Checks

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
Code
Message
Limiting Slenderness Ratio

B7
Allowable stress
AISC WSD ALLO - Axial Compression Checks

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
B7
Allowable stress
75
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
Web
Flange
Web
76
Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
Flange
77
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
Code
Message
AISC WSD ALLO - Bending Checks

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Major Axis
78
Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
79
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
Minor Axis
80
Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
81
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Clause/(Eqn)
82
Commentary
Code
Message
Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
Code
Message
AISC WSD ALLO - Shear Checks

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
83
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Clause/(Eqn)
84
Commentary
Code
Message
Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
Code
Message
AISC WSD ALLO - Unity Checks

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Axial
Shear
85
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
Code
Message
Pure Bending
F
AISC WSD ALLO - Combined Stress Unity Checks

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Axial compression and bending buckle check
86
Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
Code
Message
Axial tension and bending buckle check
AISC WSD ALLO - Combined Axial and Bending Unity Check

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Axial compression
Axial tension
87
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
Axial tension
AISC WSD ALLO - Bending Coefficient, Cb

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
CONS
HAND
88
Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
AISC WSD ALLO - Amplification Reduction Factors, Cmy, Cmz

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
CONS
HAND
89
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
Spectral Loadcases and Automatic Signed Expansion Procedures

In response spectrum analysis using modal superposition (Ref. 12) the structure displacements and forces
calculated represent estimated maxima and are, in general, unsigned (positive).
90
For the purpose of checking members to AISC WSD, a series of worst static-spectral possible loadcases must
be generated from the member unsigned spectral and signed static end forces.
The signs applied to the spectral end forces when generating a series of worst cases depend upon the unity
check being considered and details of the signs adopted/deduced are given in this section.
In BEAMST it is assumed that unity checks can be performed by considering the combination of static and
dynamic conditions to be purely a static condition.
Torsional Effects
The maximum torsional spectral load contribution at each beam section position is deduced in a similar
manner to the axial load contribution in 4.1.5.2.
Checks
The maximum axial spectral load contribution at each beam section position is calculated by assuming that
the spectral axial load distribution is linear with both member end loads having the same sign. The sign
adopted for these member spectral end loads is normally assumed to be of the same sign as the static axial
load (if it exists). In cases where the static loadcase is tensile it is possible that reversing the sign of the
spectral case may produce a net compressive load and, hence, a more onerous utilisation (since buckling
may become a problem). Under these conditions, the checks are repeated with the spectral axial stresses
reversed with respect to the static case, and the combination producing the highest utilisation of both
conditions is reported. The sign adopted may be ascertained from the utilisation code reported.
As in all checks performed by BEAMST, zero axial stress is treated as compressive (-ve sign, ASAS convention).
Local Axes Shear Unity Checks and Maximum Shear Unity Check for Tubular Sections
In order to be able to generate mid-member stresses an equivalent member spectral loading is required.
BEAMST assumes that the spectral loading consists of a linearly varying inertia loading on the member acting
in a rigid fashion (ie the load consists of that due to pure translation and rotation of the member). This inertia
loading is calculated by balancing it against the member signed spectral end forces (shears and moments).
For each local bending plane there are sixteen unique signed spectral end force (shears and moments) expansions/cases of which eight are symmetric, but of opposite sign, to the remaining eight. Each of these
sixteen signed spectral expansions is denoted by a single alphabetic letter code in BEAMST in the range AP as shown in Automatic signed Spectral Expansion codes for Member Checks and the respective signs applied
for bending in the local Y-Y/Z-Z planes (p. 93). For spectral loadcases only eight of the sixteen possible expansions need theoretically be considered but for static-spectral summations all sixteen have to be taken into
account.
The Shear Unity Checks are maximised by adopting the static-spectral signed expansion which maximises
the total acting shear at each beam section position. For tubular sections the combination of static-spectral
expansions which maximises the resultant acting shear on the cross section and the Maximum Shear Unity
Check.
For a linearly varying inertia load it can be deduced a priori that the following spectral expansions are critical for the Shear Unity Checks for static-spectral summation.
Beam section position ()
Local axes spectral expansion
0 < < 1/3
E or L
91
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

1/3 < < 2/3
D or M
2/3 < < 1
B or O
Local Axes Pure Bending Unity Checks and Bending Components of Combined Stresses
Yield Unity Check
For bending unity checks and unity check bending components it is necessary to determine the spectral
expansion which maximises the ratio of acting to allowable stress as opposed to simply maximising the
acting bending stress. In general this is necessary because the bending allowable may be a function of Cb
which itself is a function of the signs and relative magnitudes of the member total end forces.
BEAMST investigates each of the sixteen signed spectral expansions shown in Automatic signed Spectral Expansion codes for Member Checks and the respective signs applied for bending in the local Y-Y/Z-Z planes (p. 93)
for both of the local axes bending planes for each beam section position being considered and reports the
critical expansions at each section. For tubular sections being checked to AISC WSD where it is necessary
to calculate bending resultants at each beam section the spectral expansions which maximise the ratio of
local axes bending stress to allowable are determined (as these local axes acting bending stresses are the
ones which also maximise the acting bending resultants and hence maximise the yield unity check components).
For static-spectral summation it is theoretically necessary to investigate all sixteen spectral expansions for
the worst cases but for loadcases composed of expanded spectral contributions only, the following generalisations can be made:
1.
The acting bending stress at each beam section position is maximised by adopting the spectral expansion defined by end moments of the same sign and end shears of opposite signs.
2.
Where the allowable stress is a function of Cb, the allowable will be minimised by adopting the expansion with spectral end moments of the same sign as this minimises Cb.
These two generalisations taken together imply spectral expansions A or P (Automatic signed Spectral Expansion
codes for Member Checks and the respective signs applied for bending in the local Y-Y/Z-Z planes (p. 93))
Unity Check Report for Shear, Pure Bending and Yield Unity Checks
The Unity Check Report for a spectral or a static-spectral summation comprises four separate reports:
1.
Highest Shear Unity Checks
2.
Highest Pure Bending Unity Checks
3.
Highest Yield Unity Checks
4.
Highest Buckle Unity Checks
The unity checks of direct interest to the user when checking against a design code are the shear checks in
the Highest Shear Unity Checks, the pure bend checks in the Highest Pure Bending Unity Checks etc. For
the Highest Shear, Pure Bending and Yield Reports, the worst unity check at each beam section position is
reported together with the spectral expansions in the local Y and Z which maximise the respective checks
(as described in Torsional Effects, Axial Unity Check and the Axial Component of Combined Stress Buckle
and Yield Unity Checks, Local Axes Shear Unity Checks and Maximum Shear Unity Check for Tubular Sections
and Local Axes Pure Bending Unity Checks and Bending Components of Combined Stresses Yield Unity
Check above) appended to the loadcase number. In addition to the unity checks of direct interest in each
report all remaining unity checks are calculated for the spectral expansions quoted and are reported. This
92
allows users to obtain an overall picture of stress state in the beam at the section under consideration for
the spectral expansions cited. The combined buckle unity checks in these reports and the Highest Buckle
Unity Check Report are explained in AISC Combined Stress Buckle Unity Check below.
AISC Combined Stress Buckle Unity Check

As for the pure bending and yield unity check it is necessary to determine which spectral expansions maximise the bending components of the buckle unity check defined by ratio of equivalent uniform bending
stress to minimum allowable. This is necessary because the amplification-reduction factor Cm used to convert
maximum acting bending stress to an equivalent uniform bending stress is a function of the signs and relative magnitudes of the member total end forces (moments).
BEAMST investigates all sixteen spectral expansions determining for each expansion the maximum bending
stress and minimum allowable stress occurring anywhere along the beam and the buckle unity check
bending component for the bending plane being considered. Over all sixteen expansions, those which
maximise the bending components in each of the local bending planes are used in the final buckle check
and are reported in the Highest Buckle Unity Check Report.
Spectral Expansion
End1
Shear
End1
Moment
End2
Shear
End2
Moment
Notes
1.
Beam end spectral torque signs are chosen to be identical with their respective static components in
static-spectral loadcases.
2.
Beam end spectral torque signs adopted for evaluation of spectral stresses at intermediate beam section
positions are chosen to be identical with their respective static stress components at the section under
consideration.
93
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST
AISC Load and Resistance Factor Design Member Check (AISC LRFD MEMB)
AISC LRFD MEMB Overview
The AISC LRFD MEMB header command in BEAMST is used to request member stress checks to AISC LRFD
design recommendations, second and third editions (Ref. 23, Ref. 25), for tubular, I-shaped and hollow rectangular section types.
The AISC specification is written in terms of member yield strengths, so a YIELd command must be used to
specify the yield strength.
Members may be selected for processing by elements and/or groups. The member section dimensions must
be specified (if not specified in the structural analysis) using DESI commands. Further commands are available
for defining topological characteristics of the members (EFFE, UNBR and ULCF) and specifying members that
are classified as secondary (SECO).
member end points and positions of any step change in cross-section properties. Alternatively the SEARch
command may be used which requests that moments and stresses are to be evaluated at specified locations
along the beam but to be reported only if they give a maximum force, stress or utilisation. These extra locations are in addition to those selected using the SECT command.
The AISC LRFD standard utilises limit state checks with resistance coefficients to achieve the desired level
of safety. In keeping with this principle, applied loads must be multiplied by appropriate factors, as defined
in the code of practice (Section C, Loads), to develop the design load case combinations necessary for processing. Where non-linear pile analysis is undertaken (using SPLINTER) the design loads must be applied to
the pile model to account for the increased non-linearity this introduces. In situations where a non-linear
pile analysis has not been carried out, the design loads may be produced using the COMB or CMBV commands
utilising the required load factors.
required reports. The PRIN command is also used to request the various summary reports available. Two
summary reports are available:
Summary report 1 is requested with the PRIN SUM1 subcommand and details the loadcase producing the
highest unity check value for each element.
Summary report 3 is requested with the PRIN SUM3 subcommand and consists of the highest unity check
for each selected loadcase for each element selected.
A complete list of the command set available for the AISC LRFD MEMB code checks is given in AISC LRFD
MEMB Commands (p. 94) below and described in detail in BEAMST Command Reference (p. 5). An example
data file is given in Example of AISC LRFD MEMB data file (p. 96).
Command
Description
Usage
Note
AISC LRFD MEMB
AISC allowable stress header command
UNIT
YIEL
Yield stress
94
1
C
Command
Description
Usage
Note
GROU
ELEM
SECT
SEAR
and stresses
SECO
Secondary members
DESI
PROF
EFFE
CB
CMY/CMZ
UNBR
ULCF
CASE
COMB
CMBV
SELE
SPEC
RENU
PRIN
TEXT
TITL
END
Usage
Notes
1.
2.
3.
Compulsory for non-tubular elements unless sections have been used in the preceding analyses for
95
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

4.

JOB POST
PROJECT MANU
COMPONENT PILE DECA
OPTION GOON
END
AISC LRFD ED2 MEMB
*
*
GROUP ALL
NOT ELEMENT 991 992
UNIT KN M
*
*
UNITS MM
: 931 TO 942
UNITS M
*
*
COMB 10 1.35 1 1.1 3 1.1 4
COMB 11 1.35 2 1.1 3 1.1 4
*
*
*
*
EFFE 1.0 GROU ALL
*
*
UNBR LENG 4.875 19.5 ELEM 711 713
96
*
*
CMZ 0.85 ELEM 711 712 713
CMZ 0.85 ELEM 701 TO 704
CMY 0.85 ELEM 702 703
CMY 0.85 ELEM 706 707
*
*
*
*
PRIN XCHK PROP UNCK FORC STRE SUNI N MM SUM1 SUM3 BOTH
END
STOP
AISC LRFD Unity Check Report

The detailed unity check report is presented on an element by element basis. The header line displays the
element number, the associated node numbers, the element group number and the units in use. The results
are printed for each of the selected positions (or sections) on the element for each loadcase in turn. The
first columns of the report define the loadcase, section number and position as a ratio of the elements length
together with the section dimensions, slenderness ratios and the moment amplification reduction factors,
cmy and cmz.
Following the section information is an alphanumeric descriptor (CODE) that indicates the derivation of each
of the design strengths that have been computed for this section. These descriptors are of the form:
T.XVYZ or C.XVYZ
relate to the axial(X), shear(V), and bending(Y,Z) design strengths. These alpha codes specify the design code
clause or equation used to evaluate the design strengths and are defined in Strength alphabetic codes (p. 97).
Stress
Code
Clause
Description
B7
B7
(E2-2)
axial compression - Fcr indeterminate (Qa or Qs <

0)
(E2-3)
axial compression
E
axial compression
V
(F2-1)
shear yield
(F2-2)
shear buckle - FBI, WF, BOX, RHS
(F2-3)
elastic buckling stress - FBI, WF, BOX, RHS
97
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Stress
Code
Clause
Description
(A-F1-1)
Major - FBI, WF, BOX, RHS LTB
(A-F1-2)
(A-F1-4)
(A-F1-1)
Major - FBI, WF, BOX, RHS FLB, TUB
(A-F1-3)
(A-F1-4)
(A-F1-1)
Major - FBI, WF, BOX, RHS WLB
(A-F1-3)
Major - FBI, WF, BOX, RHS WLB
(A-G2-1)
Major - FBI, WF, BOX, RHS Slender web tension

flange yield
(A-G2-2)
(A-F1-1)
Major - FBI, WF, BOX, RHS Slender web flange

local buckling
(A-F1-3)
Minor - FBI, WF, BOX, RHS
(A-F1-4)


C.DALA
Axial - D = (E2-1) axial compression - (E2-2) satisfied
Shear - A = (F2-1) shear yield
Bending Y - L = (A-F1-3) Minor - FBI, WF, BOX, RHS
Bending Z - A = (A-F1-1) Major - FBI, WF, BOX, RHS Lateral Torsional Buckle
The next two columns present the acting axial force, shear and bending moments pertaining to the given
loadcase, and these are followed by the nominal strengths and associated parameters for axial, shear and
bending loads and their respective utilisations.
FAIL - Member has a utilisation exceeding unity or fails parameter limits (flagged with THKF, DTRF, SLRF).
PNT9 - Unity check value exceeds 0.9
SLRF - Slenderness ratio greater than limiting value.
DTRF - D/t ratio exceeds 13000/fy (ksi units).
98
SHYF - Shear yielding failure.
SHBF - Shear buckling failure.
HOVT - Web requires stiffening.
WBIC - Reduced web width calculation is required, this is not currently undertaken by the program.
HAND - Member is part of sway frame (k > 1.0). Manual check required for combined interaction check.
AISC LRFD MEMB Nomenclature

AISC LRFD MEMB Nomenclature - Definition of Symbols
(a) Rolled Sections
(b) Welded Sections
AISC LRFD MEMB Nomenclature - Dimensional

Ag - Gross cross sectional area
Aw - Area of web
Ay, Az - Shear area for y and z axis
d - Full nominal depth of rolled or fabricated sections
b - Actual width of box flange plates, I flange effective width
h - Clear distance between flanges
hc - Assumed web depth for stability
D - Tube outer diameter
t - Tube thickness or thickness of rolled hollow section
tw - Web plate thickness
tf - Flange plate thickness
J - Torsion constant
99
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Iy, Iz - Moment of inertia about y and z axis
Zy, Zz - Plastic modulus about y and z axis
Sy, Sz - Elastic section modulus about y and z axis
k, ky, kz - Effective length factors. Subscript refers to the associated axis. No subscript refers to either axis,
as appropriate
L, Ly, Lz - Unbraced member length. Subscript refers to the associated axis. No subscript refers to either
axis, as appropriate
LULCF - Unstiffened length of the compression flange
r, ry, rz - Radii of gyration. Subscript refers to the associated axis. No subscript refers to either axis, as
appropriate
rT - Torsional radius of gyration
AISC LRFD MEMB Nomenclature - Acting Forces and Stresses

fa - Axial force
fby, fbz - Bending moment about y and z axis
fvy, fvz - Shear force for y and z axis
Fa - Axial stress
AISC LRFD MEMB Nomenclature - Strengths and Utilisations

Fey, Fez - Euler strength for y and z axis
Pn - Nominal axial strength
Mny, Mnz - Nominal flexural strength about y and z axis
Vy, Vz - Nominal shear strength for y and z axis
Mr - Limiting buckling moment
Mp - Plastic bending moment
Fcr - Critical stress
UCax - Axial unity check (tension or compression)
UCvy, UCvz - Shear unity check for y and z axis
UCby, UCbz - Pure bending unity check about y and z axis
UCcb - Combined axial and bending interaction check
AISC LRFD MEMB Nomenclature - Parameters

E - Young's modulus
G - Shear Modulus
Cb - Bending coefficient
Cmy, Cmz - Amplification reduction factors for y and z axis
Fr - Compressive residual stress in flange = 10 ksi for rolled sections, 16.5 ksi for welded sections
Fy - Yield stress
Qa - Reduction factor for slender stiffened compression elements
Qs - Reduction fcator for slender unstiffened compression elements
Q - Full reduction factor for slender compression elements
c - resistance factor for axial compression
t - resistance factor for axial tension
b - resistance factor for bending
v - resistance factor for shear
AISC LRFD MEMBER CHECKS

100
AISC LRFD - Partial Coefficients

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
Code
Message
Code
Message
Resistance factors
Load coefficients
BEAMST assumes the appropriate factors have already
been applied by the user.
AISC LRFD - Nominal Axial Tension Strength

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Yielding on gross section
Limiting slenderness ratio
AISC LRFD - Nominal Axial Compressive Strength

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
101
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
Web
Rolled section flange
Fabricated section flange
102
Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
Web
If rolled hollow section or constant thickness box
If fabricated box with different thickness plates
103
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
Flange
Column slenderness parameter
Critical stress
104
Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
Code
Message
Code
Message
Nominal strength
AISC LRFD - Bending Strength

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Compressive flange residual stress
AISC LRFD - Major Axis Bending Strength

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Plastic capacity
The nominal flexural strength, Mn, is the lowest value

obtained according to the limit states of: Lateral
Torsional Buckling Flange Local Buckling Web Local
Buckling
Lateral Torsional Buckling
105
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
Non compact limit
Compact section
Non compact section
Slender section
Flange local buckling
106
Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
Compact section
Non compact section
Slender section
Web local buckling
Compact section
107
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
Code
Message
Non compact section
Slender section
AISC LRFD - Slender web

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Tension flange yield
Fcr is computed as follows for the limit states of lateral

torsional buckling and flange local buckling and the
lower value used.
Lateral torsional buckling
108
Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
Code
Message
Critical stress Fcr
AISC LRFD - Minor Axis Bending Strength

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
109
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
Code
Message
Plastic capacity
Compact section
Non compact section
Slender section
AISC LRFD - Bending Strength Box and RHS

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary

Limited Buckling Moment
110
Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
Compact section
Non compact section
Slender section
Flange Local Buckling
Compact section
111
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
Non compact section
Slender section
Web Local Buckling
Compact section
Non compact section
112
Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
Code
Message
Slender section
AISC LRFD - Bending Strength Tubes

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Compact section
Non compact section
Slender section
113
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST
AISC LRFD MEMB - Shear

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
Shear z
Shear y
Web plate buckling coefficient is taken assuming that
no stiffeners are required i.e. k = 5
The shear term is computed for each axis using the

apprpopriate terms for the axis under consideration.
114
Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
Code
Message
AISC LRFD MEMB - Unity Checks

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Axial
Shear
115
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
Code
Message
Pure Bending
AISC LRFD MEMB - Combined Stress Unity Checks

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Axial compression and bending check

This check is strictly only valid if the member is part
of a non sway frame, i.e. k < 1.0, since second order
moments are ignored. If part of a sway frame, a hand
check is recommended.
116
Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
Axial tension and bending check
AISC LRFD MEMB - Bending Coefficient, Cb

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
117
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Clause/(Eqn)
118
Commentary
Message
Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
AISC LRFD MEMB - Amplification Reduction Factors, Cmy, Cmz

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
119
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
AISC LRFD MEMBER CHECKS - 3rd Edition

120
AISC LRFD - 3rd Edition - Partial Coefficients

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
Code
Message
Resistance factors
Load coefficients
AISC LRFD - 3rd Edition - Nominal Axial Tension Strength

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Yielding on gross section
AISC LRFD - 3rd Edition - Nominal Axial Compressive Strength

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
121
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
Web
Rolled section flange
Fabricated section flange
122
Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
Web
If rolled hollow section or constant thickness box
If fabricated box with different thickness plates
123
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
Flange
Column slenderness parameter
Critical stress
124
Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
Code
Message
Code
Message
Nominal strength
AISC LRFD - 3rd Edition - Bending Strength

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Compressive flange residual stress
AISC LRFD - 3rd Edition - Major Axis Bending Strength

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Plastic capacity
The nominal flexural strength, Mn, is the lowest value

obtained according to the limit states of: Yielding
Lateral Torsional Buckling Flange Local Buckling Web
Local Buckling

125
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
Non compact limit
Compact section
Non compact section
Slender section
Compact section
126
Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
Non compact section
Slender section
Web local buckling
Compact section
Non compact section
Slender section
127
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
Code
Message
AISC LRFD - 3rd Edition - Slender web

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Tension flange yield
Fcr is computed as follows for the limit states of lateral

torsional buckling and flange local buckling and the
lower value used.
Lateral torsional buckling
128
Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
Code
Message
Critical stress Fcr
AISC LRFD - 3rd Edition - Minor Axis Bending Strength

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Plastic capacity
Compact section
129
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
Code
Message
Non compact section
Slender section
AISC LRFD - 3rd Edition - Bending Strength Box and RHS

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary

Limited Buckling Moment
Compact section
130
Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
Non compact section
Slender section
Compact section
Non compact section
Slender section
131
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
Code
Message
Web Local Buckling
Compact section
Non compact section
Slender section
AISC LRFD - 3rd Edition - Bending Strength Tubes

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
132
Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
Code
Message
Compact section
Non compact section
Slender section
AISC LRFD MEMB - Shear

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Shear z
Shear y
Web plate buckling coefficient is taken assuming that
no stiffeners are required i.e. k = 5
133
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
The shear term is computed for each axis using the

apprpopriate terms for the axis under consideration.
134
Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
Code
Message
AISC LRFD MEMB - Unity Checks

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Axial
Shear
Pure Bending
135
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST
AISC LRFD MEMB - Combined Stress Unity Checks

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
Axial compression and bending check

This check is strictly only valid if the member is part
of a non sway frame, i.e. k < 1.0, since second order
moments are ignored. If part of a sway frame, a hand
check is recommended.
Axial tension and bending check
136
AISC LRFD MEMB - Bending Coefficient, Cb

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
137
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
AISC LRFD MEMB - Amplification Reduction Factors, Cmy, Cmz

Clause/(Eqn)
138
Commentary
Message
BEAMST API Theory

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
BEAMST API Theory

The API command data block is used to request member and joint checking to the API WSD standard (Ref.
2) and API LRFD standard (Ref. 3) for tubular sections.
139
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST
API Working Stress Design Allowable Member Stress Check (API WSD ALLO)
API WSD ALLO Overview
The API WSD ALLO header command in BEAMST is used to request member stress checks to API Working
Stress Design recommendations (Ref. 2). The strength requirements of API WSD 21st ed (Ref. 26), as applicable
to BEAMST, are the same as those of API WSD 20th ed (Ref. 2). Hence the equations for API 20th ed given
in BEAMST API Theory (p. 139) of this manual also apply to API 21st ed.
The API WSD ALLOwable Command exists as a derivative of the AISC allowable stress check data described
in AISC Load and Resistance Factor Design Member Check (AISC LRFD MEMB) (p. 94). The stress check follows
an identical path to the AISC check except for TUBE elements or other beam types that have been assigned
circular tubular sections in the structural analysis. For such elements the code checks are performed to the
American Petroleum Institute supported design recommendation API RP2A, which refers to the AISC specification (Ref. 1), but amplifies the clauses particular to tubular members. Unstiffened tubular local buckling,
allowable stresses taking into account inelastic shell buckling, member buckling and yield strength and unity
checks are all performed to the API recommendations as detailed in API LRFD Allowable Stresses and Unity
Checks (p. 196). Amplification-reduction factors, Cmy and Cmz, are restricted to a maximum of 0.85 unless
these values are user defined. TUBE element effective shear areas are rigidly restricted to one half of the
cross-section area.
The API specification is written in terms of member yield strengths, so a YIELd command must be used to
specify the yield strength. The units of the yield strength must be those of the UNIT command.
Members may be selected for processing by elements and/or groups. The member section types must be
specified (if not specified in the structural analysis) using DESI commands. Further commands are available
for defining topological characteristic of the members (EFFE, UNBR and ULCF) and specifying members that
Loadcases from the preceding structural analysis may be selected for processing using the CASE command
and/or new loadcases formed from combinations of existing loadcases using the CMBV and COMB commands.
The AISC/API permitted one third increase in allowable stresses for wind extreme loading may be requested
on a loadcase basis using the EXTR command. For seismic conditions, API permits a higher increase in basic
allowable stresses for strength assessment taking member allowable actions to the point of first yield. This
may be requested on a loadcase basis using the QUAK command.
member end points and positions of any step change in cross-section properties. For the code checks it is
necessary to ensure the maximum acting bending moment and stresses are evaluated. Since this may not
occur at one of the selected locations, BEAMST has a SEARch command which causes the moments and
stresses to be evaluated at every L/4 and L/6 (L = beam length) for prismatic and stepped beams respectively.
These extra locations are in addition to those selected and the results at these locations are only presented
if they give the maximum moments or stresses.
set exceedence values for the unity checks. Four summary reports are available:
Summary report 1 is requested with the PRIN SUM1 command subcommand and gives the highest local
buckling, global buckling and yield unity check values for each element.
140
A complete list of the command set available for the API WSD code checks is given in API WSD ALLO Commands (p. 141) below and described in detail in BEAMST Command Reference (p. 5). An example data file is
given in Example of API WSD ALLO data file (p. 142).
Command
Description
Usage
Note
API WSD ALLO
API allowable stress header command
UNIT
YIEL
Yield stress
GROU
ELEM
SECT
SEAR
Search for maximum forces and stresses
SECO
Secondary members
DESI
PROF
EFFE
CB
CMY/CMZ
UNBR
ULCF
CASE
COMB
CMBV
SELE
SPEC
141
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Command
Description
RENU
EXTR
Loadcases allowing 33% overstress
QUAK
PRIN
TEXT
TITL
END
Usage
Note
Usage
Notes
1.
2.
3.
Compulsory for non-tubular elements unless Sections have been used in the preceding analyses for
4.

JOB POST
PROJECT MANU
COMPONENT PILE JACA
OPTION GOON
END
API ED20 ALLO
*
* Horizontal plan bracing level -50 m
*
GROU 1
UNIT KN M
*
* Change tubular dimensions for one element
*
*
* Examine two wave cases
*
COMB 10 1.0 1 1.0 3 1.0 4
COMB 11 1.0 2 1.0 3 1.0 4
*
142
*
EXTR 10 11
*
*
*
* Main plan bracing members use effective length
*
EFFE 0.8 ELEM 105 106
EFFE 1.0 GROU 1
*
* Out of plane unbraced lengths need redefining
*
UNBR LENG 15.0 7.5 ELEM 102 103
*
*
CMY 0.85 ELEM 102 103 105 106
CMZ 0.85 ELEM 102 103 105 106
*
* Check mid-span sections
*
SECT 0.5 ELEM ALL
*
*
PRIN XCHK PROP UNCK FORC STRE SUNI N MM SUM1 SUM2 SUM3 SUM4 BOTH
END
STOP
API WSD ALLO Unity Check Report

The unity check report is presented on an element by element basis. The header line displays the element
number, the associated node numbers, the element group number and the units in use. The results are
printed for each of the selected positions (or sections) on the element for each loadcase in turn. The first
columns of the report define the loadcase, section number and position as a ratio of the elements length.
columns of the report. These are preceded by an alpha numeric descriptor (CODE) that indicates the derivation
of each of the allowable stresses. These descriptors are of the form:
T.XVYZ or C.XVYZ
143
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

code clause or equation used to evaluate the allowable stresses and are defined in Allowable Stress alphabetic
codes (p. 144):
Stress
Code
Clause
Description
AISC B7
AISC B7
(3.2.2-1)
axial compression - kL/r < Cc
(3.2.2-2)
axial compression - kL/r >= Cc
AISC (F4-2)
shear buckle
AISC (F4-1)
shear yield
user defined allowable
(3.2.2-1a)
bending D/t <= 1500/fy
(3.2.2-1b)
bending 1500/fy < D/t < 3000/fy
(3.2.2-1c)
bending 3000/fy < D/t < 300

C.CYCC
Axial - C = (3.2.2-1) axial compression - kL/r < Cc
Shear - Y = AISC (F4-1) shear yield
Bending - C = (3.2.2-1a) bending - D/t <= 1500/fy
THKF - Wall thickness less than inch
DTRF - D/t ratio exceeds 300
YIEL - Yield stress greater than 60 ksi
144
API WSD ALLO Nomenclature

API WSD ALLO Nomenclature - Dimensional

t - Thickness
k - Effective length factor
L - Unbraced length of member
r - Radius of gyration
API WSD ALLO Nomenclature - Acting Section Forces and Stresses

N - Axial force
Nely,z - Euler force in y or z direction
My,z - Bending moment about y or z
fa - Axial stress
fby, fbz - Bending stresses about y and z
fv - Maximum shear stress
fvm - von Mises stress
Mo - Maximum free bending moment from all sections examined along member
API WSD ALLO Nomenclature - Allowable Stresses and Unity Checks

fy - Yield stress
Fxe - Elastic local buckling stress
Fxc - Inelastic local buckling stress
Fa - Allowable axial compressive stress
Ft - Allowable axial tensile stress
Fb - Allowable bending stress
Fv - Allowable flexural shear stress
Fvt - Allowable torsional shear stress
Fe - Euler stress divided by a factor of safety
UCax - Axial unity check
UCvmax - Flexural shear unity check
UCTOR - Torsional shear unity check
UCby - Pure bending check about y axis
UCbz - Pure bending check about z axis
UCCB - Combined axial compression and bending buckle check
UCY - Combined axial and bending yield unity check member
UCCSR - Upper bound member buckling unity check
145
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST
API WSD ALLO Nomenclature - Parameters

E - Young's modulus
Cmy, Cmz - Moment amplification reduction factors
API WSD ALLO Stresses and Unity Checks

API WSD ALLO Stress Increase
Working stress design codes permit allowable stresses to be increased above those appropriate to Ordinary
conditions for other conditions. The percentage increase in allowable stresses to be applied to the allowable
stresses quoted herein for different loadcase types are:
Type
Axial/Bending
Shear
Ordinary
0.0
0.0
Extreme
33.33
33.33
Earthquake
70.0
44.34
The following section describes the computations undertaken for tubular sections only (with two exceptions,
see below). For non-tubular members being checked to API reference should be made to Allowable Stresses
and Unity Checks for the AISC code. Note that the combined Unity Checks for non-tubular members utilise
modified parameters based upon API recommendations. See Notes 1 and 2 in API WSD ALLO - Combined
Stresses (p. 149).
API WSD ALLO - Tension

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
Code
Message
Allowable stress
API WSD ALLO - Compression

Clause/(Eqn)
146
Commentary
Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
Code
Message
API WSD ALLO - Bending

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
147
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
Code
Message
Code
Message
API WSD ALLO - Shear

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Beam Shear
Torsional Shear
API WSD ALLO - Unity Checks

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Axial
Shear
148
Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
Code
Message
Pure Bending
API WSD ALLO - Combined Stresses

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary

UCB1 is set = 0.0
Combined axial and bending yield check
149
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
Buckle CSR check

UCCSR
This uses the same equation (3.3.1-4) as the axial
compression and bending buckle check but utilises
the maximum stresses and the minimum member
properties occurring along the member in order to
compute an upper bound buckle check. It should be
noted that this check often results in high utilisation
ratios which may not occur in practice, but indicates
a need to undertake a more rigorous hand analysis
of the member.
Spectral Loadcases
For the purpose of checking members to API a series of worst case static-spectral loadcase permutations
must be generated from the member unsigned spectral and signed static end forces.
Torsional Effects
Checks
150
account.
Check.
For a linearly varying inertia load it can be deduced a priori that the following spectral expansions are critical for the Shear Unity Checks for static-spectral summation.
0 < < 1/3
E or L
1/3 < < 2/3
D or M
2/3 < < 1
B or O
Yield Unity Check
For bending unity checks and unity check bending components it is necessary to determine the spectral
expansion which maximises the ratio of acting to allowable stress as opposed to simply maximising the
acting bending stress. In general this is necessary because the bending allowable may be a function of Cb
which itself is a function of the signs and relative magnitudes of the member total end forces.
critical expansions at each section. For tubular sections being checked to AISC where it is necessary to calculate bending resultants at each beam section the spectral expansions which maximise the ratio of local
axes bending stress to allowable are determined (as these local axes acting bending stresses are the ones
which also maximise the acting bending resultants and hence maximise the yield unity check components).
151
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

For static-spectral summation it is theoretically necessary to investigate all sixteen spectral expansions for
the worst cases but for loadcases composed of expanded spectral contributions only, the following generalisations can be made:
1.
The acting bending stress at each beam section position is maximised by adopting the spectral expansion defined by end moments of the same sign and end shears of opposite signs.
2.
Where the allowable stress is a function of Cb, the allowable will be minimised by adopting the expansion with spectral end moments of the same sign as this minimises Cb.
These two generalisations taken together infer spectral expansions A or P (Automatic signed Spectral Expansion
codes for Member Checks and the respective signs applied for bending in the local Y-Y/Z-Z planes (p. 152))
Unity Check Report for Shear, Pure Bending and Yield Unity Checks
The Unity Check Report for a spectral or a static-spectral summation comprises four separate reports:
1.
Highest Shear Unity Checks
2.
Highest Pure Bending Unity Checks
3.
Highest Yield Unity Checks
4.
Highest Buckle Unity Checks
The unity checks of direct interest to the user when checking against a design code are the shear checks in
the Highest Shear Unity Checks, the pure bend checks in the Highest Pure Bending Unity Checks etc. For
the Highest Shear, Pure Bending and Yield Reports, the worst unity check at each beam section position is
reported together with the spectral expansions in the local Y and Z which maximise the respective checks
(as described in Torsional Effects, Axial Unity Check and the Axial Component of Combined Stress Buckle
and Yield Unity Checks, Local Axes Shear Unity Checks and Maximum Shear Unity Check for Tubular Sections
and Local Axes Pure Bending Unity Checks and Bending Components of Combined Stresses Yield Unity
Check above) appended to the loadcase number. In addition to the unity checks of direct interest in each
report all remaining unity checks are calculated for the spectral expansions quoted and are reported. This
allows users to obtain an overall picture of stress state in the beam at the section under consideration for
the spectral expansions cited. The combined buckle unity checks in these reports and the Highest Buckle
Unity Check Report are explained in API Combined Stress Buckle Unity Check below.
API Combined Stress Buckle Unity Check

As for the pure bending and yield unity check it is necessary to determine which spectral expansions maximise the bending components of the buckle unity check defined by ratio of equivalent uniform bending
stress to minimum allowable. This is necessary because the amplification-reduction factor Cm used to convert
maximum acting bending stress to an equivalent uniform bending stress is a function of the signs and relative magnitudes of the member total end forces (moments).
Spectral Expansion
End1
Shear
End1
Moment
End2
Shear
End2
Moment
152
API Hydrostatic Collapse Check (API WSD HYDR)

Spectral Expansion
End1
Shear
End1
Moment
End2
Shear
End2
Moment
Notes
1.
Beam end spectral torque signs are chosen to be identical with their respective static components in
static-spectral loadcases.
2.
Beam end spectral torque signs adopted for evaluation of spectral stresses at intermediate beam section
positions are chosen to be identical with their respective static stress components at the section under
consideration.

API WSD HYDR Overview
The API WSD HYDR header command is used to request that hydrostatic pressure, allowable stresses,
member actions, unity checks and combined stress hydrostatic collapse unity checks be performed to API
recommendations for TUBE elements, or other beam types that have been assigned tubular sections in the
structural analysis (Ref. 2).
Elements may be selected by ELEMent, GROUp and CASE/COMBine commands as in the POST and AISC
Command data blocks. Hydrostatic pressures, allowable stresses and collapse unity checks may be requested
at any user selected position along the element using the SECTion command in BEAMST.
The calculation of hydrostatic pressures requires a knowledge of each member position with respect to still
water level, tide height, wave height and length as well as details of the sea medium and various commands
in BEAMST exist to define these. First a reference frame has to be specified for the (sea) water axes and its
origin position in terms of the jacket reference frame defined (i.e. the global co-ordinate system used in the
previous ASAS analysis) using a MOVE command. (See BEAMST Command Reference (p. 5) and Ref. 14). This
command is optional and if omitted the water and jacket frame origins are taken to coincide. Having defined
the water axes origin, the relative orientations of water and jacket axes must follow. For example the jacket
153
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

axes may be inclined to the water axes if the jacket is being considered in a semi-submerged position. In
order to convert pressure heads to hydrostatic pressure the coefficient of gravity in the vertical downwards
(-Zwater) water direction is required. If the components of this coefficient of gravity are specified in terms
of the jacket axes then the water-jacket axes orientation and the coefficient of gravity can be specified in a
single operation. The GRAVity command in BEAMST is available for this purpose and is compulsory for the
API hydrostatic collapse check. The jacket and water axes are now spatially fixed and the only remaining
information required for calculation of water static head is that of mean water level, sea bed level, density
of seawater and tide height. This information is specified using the compulsory ELEVation command. For
completion a further command WAVE is available for specification of wave height and period, for the inclusion
of wave induced pressure components. This command is optional and if omitted the static water head only
is considered. For calculation of hydrostatic head to API recommend
All elements selected for hydrostatic collapse post-processing are assumed to be unflooded and unstiffened
(i.e. axial length of cylinder between stiffening rings, diaphragms or end connections is equal to the element
length). This unstiffened length may be defined explicitly using a ULCF command. This command allows
ring stiffened tubulars to be checked for hydrostatic pressure collapse between the stiffening rings.
The API design code provides safety factors for axial tensile, compressive and compressive hoop loading to
be used in calculating allowable stresses for different design conditions. The code permits the user some
flexibility in the choice of the safety factor for axial compressive loading, indeed the factors given for
earthquake loading are only suggested ones. BEAMST allows EXTReme and QUAK commands to be used for
automatic selection of default safety factors for design extreme environmental and earthquake (seismic)
loading conditions respectively. These default values are given in API Allowable Stresses and Unity Checks (p. 158).
If required the user can override these default values in BEAMST using the SAFE command.
A detailed Unity Check Report incorporating beam section hydrostatic depth, member acting and allowable
stresses, membrane hoop and tension/compression - collapse interaction unity checks is available and may
be requested using the PRIN UNCK command.
The BEAMST commands applicable to the API hydrostatic collapse Command data are given in API WSD
HYDR Commands (p. 154) below and are described in detail in BEAMST Command Reference (p. 5). An example
data file is given in Example API WSD HYDR data file (p. 156).
A summary report is also available.
Summary report number 1 is requested using the SUM1 sub-command and gives the highest unity check
values for each element.
Command
Description
Usage
Note
API WSD HYDR
API hydrostatic collapse header command
UNIT
YIEL
Yield stress
154
1
C

Command
Description
Usage
Note
ELEV
Water depth and gravity
MOVE
Water axis origin in global structure axis system
WAVE
Wave height and period
GRAV
Gravitational acceleration relative to structure

axis system
GROU
ELEM
SECT
DESI
PROF
ULCF
Length of tubular members between stiffening

rings, diaphragms, etc
CASE
COMB
CMBV
SELE
RENU
EXTR
Loadcases allowing extreme loading overstress
QUAK
SAFE
PRIN
TEXT
TITL
END
Usage
Notes
1.
2.
3.

155
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

JOB POST
PROJECT MANU
COMPONENT PILE JACA
OPTION GOON
END
API ED20 HYDR
*
*
GROU 1
UNIT KN M
*
*
*
*
COMB 10 1.0 1 1.0 3 1.0 4
COMB 11 1.0 2 1.0 3 1.0 4
*
* Hydrostatic information
*
ELEVATION 0.0 -50.0 1.025
GRAVITY 0.0 0.0 -9.81
*
*
EXTR 10 11
*
*
*
*
UNBR LENG 15.0 7.5 ELEM 102 103
*
*
SECT 0.5 ELEM ALL
*
*
PRIN XCHK PROP UNCK FORC STRE SUNI N MM SUM1 BOTH
END
STOP
156
API Hydrostatic Unity Check Report

The final column of each report is reserved for messages. These may be summarised as follows:
FXHA - Net axial stress fax less than half allowable elastic hoop stress and thus eqn 3.3.4-3 not checked
DTRF - Allowed diameter thickness ratio exceeded (D/t >= 300)
THXF - Wall thickness less than recommended minimum of 6mm
YIEL - Yield strength greater than 414MPa (60ksi)
MOTN - Geometry parameter, used in the elastic hoop buckling stress, , greater than 1.6 D/t
UDTR - Unconservative (D/t > 120)
API WSD HYDR Nomenclature

API WSD HYDR Nomenclature - Dimensional

t - Thickness
API WSD HYDR Nomenclature - Acting Section Forces and Stresses

fh - Hoop stress
fat - Axial tensile stress
fac - Axial compressive stress
fb - Resultant bending stress
API WSD HYDR Nomenclature - Allowable Stresses and Unity Checks

Fhe - Elastic hoop buckling stress
Fhc - Critical hoop buckling stress
fy - Yield stress
E - Young's modulus
- Poisson's ratio
157
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Fch - Allowable critical hoop buckling stress
Fxe - Critical axial elastic local buckling stress
Faa - Allowable axial elastic local buckling stress
Fxc - Inelastic axial local buckling stress
UCH - Hoop compressive unity check
UCT - Axial tension unity check
UCTH - Combined tension hydrostatic pressure unity check
UCCH1/2 - Combined compression hydrostatic pressure unity check
API Allowable Stresses and Unity Checks

Safety factors for use with local buckling and interaction formulae herein are:
Type
Axial compression SFxc
Axial tension
SFxt
HOOP Compression SFhc
Ordinary
1.67-2.00
1.67
2.00
Extreme
1.25-1.50
1.25
1.50
Earthquake
1.00-1.20
1.00
1.20
Bending SFb
See Combined
Compression
and Hydrostatic
Pressure Unity
Check
The default values are shown in bold.

The value of SFxc is overwritten by the AISC axial compression safety factor if exceeded by the AISC value.
The AISC value is:
(AISC E2-1)
where (KL/r) is the slenderness ratio and

If the slenderness ratio exceeds Cc the AISC value is taken as 23/12 (AISC E2-2), where BEAMST default values
are underlined.
In the hydrostatic collapse check the following assumptions are made:
1.
All members are unflooded.
2.
Out-of-roundness is assumed to be within API RP2B tolerance limits.
3.
Wave crest is assumed to be directly above the beam section position under consideration.
4.
Hydrostatic pressure is only considered for beam section positions below the static water level (=mean
water level + tide height + storm surge height).
5.
The wave length, Lw, is adequately described by linear wave theory as follows:
158
(a) If
(shallow water)
then
(b) Else if
and
(deep water)
then
(c) Else Lw is obtained iteratively from
where d = static water depth

g = acceleration due to gravity
Tw = wave period
6.
The design head is given by
where
Hw = wave height
z = depth below static water surface
7.
The design head induced hoop stress is given by
where p = gHz
= water density
159
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST
API Allowable - Limit Checks

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
API Allowable - Elastic Hoop Buckling Stress Fhe

Clause/(Eqn)
160
Commentary
Message
API Allowable - Critical Hoop Buckling Stress Fhc

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
API WSD - Allowable Critical Hoop Buckling Stress Fch

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
API WSD - Critical Axial Elastic Local Buckling Stress Fxe

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
API WSD - Allowable Axial Elastic Local Buckling Stress Faa

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
161
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST
API WSD - Inelastic Axial Elastic Local Buckling Stress Fxc

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
API WSD - Hoop Compressive Unity Check UCH

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
API WSD - Axial Tension Unity Check UCT

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
API WSD - Combined Compression and Hydrostatic Pressure Unity Check UCCH1/2
Clause/(Eqn)
162
Commentary
Message
API Joint Strength Check (API WSD JOIN)
API WSD - Combined Tension and Hydrostatic Pressure Unity Check UCTH
Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message

API WSD JOIN Overview
The API WSD JOIN command requests that a joint check be performed. The check differs from the punching
shear check as defined in revision 2 of the 21st edition of the APIs RP 2A-WSD Clause 4.3 or later editions,
this supersedes earlier NOMI or PUNC checks required for earlier versions.
The joints may consist of TUBE elements and/or other beam types that have been assigned tubular sections
in the structural analysis.
Joints for the API check post-processing are selected using the JOINt command in BEAMST which specifies
the node numbers at joint positions. All joints are assumed simple. Elements may be excluded from the
joint punching shear check using the SECOndary command.
Joints are automatically classed as a combination of K, T or Y depending on the loading applied. A maximum
of 5 types per brace member is permitted; results are produced for each brace forming the joint.
1.
The chord member is the member with the greatest outside diameter.
2.
If two or more potential chord members have equal diameters; BEAMST will consider the two with the
largest wall thicknesses and for each loadcase selected will check the one most heavily stressed against
all brace members.
3.
In the case of two or more potential chord members with equal diameters and wall thicknesses, the
first two encountered as shown in the Cross Check Report will be considered.
4.
If the CHOR command is used to specify a chord member, this alone will be considered. If two chords
are specified, the most heavily stressed chord will be checked against all brace members for each
loadcase selected.
5.
All members not selected as chord members are treated as brace members (unless defined as secondary),
with each brace-chord pair being checked.
A joint is formed of a maximum of 3 nodes connected by valid chord members. These nodes must form a
straight line and must be within a distance of D/4. This process is performed automatically, however, if required
can be specified manually using the CHOR command.
All valid members that form the joing are allocated to a number of planes. A tolerance of +/- 15 exists to
identify braces belonging to the same plane. Each member in each plane is then assessed to obtain unity
factors for axial and bending forces in addition to an interaction ratio to account for the combination of
such forces.
BEAMST automatically decides on the type of joint by assessing the balancing axial force in each valid brace
member forming the joint. Firstly any load paths that form a K joint are assessed; it can be the case that in
a traditional KT Joint shape that this will result in 2 K joints with different gaps between members.
163
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

All forces that transfer acrross the joint to an opposite brace will form X Joints; again it is possible that
multiple X Joint load paths co-exist within one joint; in this case these will be calculated with the appropriate
offsets. Finally, any shear that exists in a jont will be accounted for by the provision of a Y joint type. The
final joint capacity will be calculated using the proportion of axial load that is allocated to each of the joint
types.
BEAMST will only check selected joints in which two or more incident members are tubular and of circular
section. All other selected joints are automatically bypassed.
The user may override these classifications using the TYPE and CHOR commands. Interpolated joint classifications may be defined using the TYPE command. For K joints a gap dimension appropriate to the joint may
be specified in the TYPE command. A default gap dimension may be specified using the GAPD command.
The detailed joint check report provides information on joint geometric parameters, type, acting chord and
brace stresses, punching shear, Qf and Qu factors, punching shear allowable(s), and unity checks. This may
be requested using the PRINt UNCK command. The maximum unity check is flagged for ease of reference.
When an interpolatory joint type classification is being employed two sets of punching shear allowables are
reported, one for each joint classification type and these pertain to joints classified as 100% of the respective
joint types.
Summary report 3 comprises the highest unity check for each selected loadcase for each joint.
Summary report 4 comprises the three worst unity checks for each selected joint, together with the distribution
of unity check values. This distribution provides information on the number of unity checks exceeding an
upper limit (default 1.0), less than a lower limit (default 0.5), and the number in the mid range.
BEAMST commands applicable to the API punching stress command are given in API WSD JOIN commands (p. 164) below and are described in detail in BEAMST Command Reference (p. 5). An example data
file is given in Example API WSD JOIN data file (p. 165).
Command
Description
Usage
Note
API WSD JOIN
API joint check header command
UNIT
YIEL
Yield stress
JOIN
Joint numbers to be reported
TYPE
Joint type and brace element definition
CHOR
Chord elements at a joint
SECO
Secondary members to be ignored in checks
DESI
GAPD
Defines default gap dimension
PROF
STUB
Tubular member end stub dimensions
CASE
164
1
C

Command
Description
Usage
Note
COMB
CMBV
SELE
SPEC
RENU
EXTR
QUAK
PRIN
TEXT
TITL
END
Usage
Notes
1.
2.

JOB POST
PROJECT MANU
COMPONENT PILE JACA
OPTION GOON
END
API ED21 JOIN
*
* Investigate all joints in the model except where
* only one element is connected
*
JOINT ALL
NOT JOINTS 1315 1355 5110 5150
*
* Ignore dummy elements
*
SECONDARY ELEMENTS 801 802
UNIT KN M
*
*
165
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

*
*
COMB 10 1.0 1 1.0 3 1.0 4
COMB 11 1.0 2 1.0 3 1.0 4
*
*
EXTR 10 11
*
*
*
* Specify the chord elements for one of the joints
*
CHORD 1130 122 123
*
* Set some joints as being Y
*
TYPE.OF.JOINT 1130 Y 102
*
*
PRIN XCHK UNCK SUNI N MM SUM3 BOTH SUM4 BOTH
END
STOP
API WSD JOIN Check Report

The detailed JOINT check report provides information on joint geometric parameters, type, acting chord and
brace loading, Qf, and Qu factors, nominal load allowables and unity checks. This may be requested using
the PRINt UNCK command. The maximum unity check is flagged for ease of reference.
Messages displayed in output reports or obtained from the database have the following meanings:
FAIL - Unity check value exceeds unity
NOCK - No check has been carried out, due to one of the following error messages
BETA - * Beta value is outside the valid API range
THET - *Theta value is outside the valid API range
GAMA - * Gamma value is outside the valid API range
NOCY - Computed Py value is less than zero
DIST - + The distance between work points exceeds D/4
* Error message
166

+ Warning message
API WSD JOIN Nomenclature

API WSD JOIN Nomenclature - Dimensional
D - Chord outside diameter

d - Brace outside diameter
R - Chord radius
T - Chord thickness
t - Brace thickness
- Ratio between the chord radius and thickness
- Ratio between the thickness of the brace and chord
- Angle between brace and chord
- Ratio between the diameter of the brace and chord
g - K joint gap
API WSD JOIN Nomenclature - Acting Forces and Stresses

P - Brace axial force
Mip - Brace in-plane bending moment
Mop - Brace out-of-plane bending moment
faxc - Chord axial stress component
fipc - Chord in-plane bending stress
fopc - Chord out-of-plane bending stress
fa - Brace axial stress component
fip - Brace in-plane bending stress
fop - Brace out-of-plane bending stress
fb - Resultant brace bending stress
API WSD JOIN Nomenclature - Allowable Stresses and Unity Checks

fyc - Chord yield stress
Pa - Allowable axial force
Maip - Allowable in-plane bending moment
Maop - Allowable out-of-plane bending moment
UCax - Axial force unity check
UCip - In-plane bending unity check
UCop - Out-of-plane bending unity check
UCBN - Combined bending unity check
167
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST
API WSD JOIN Allowable Loads and Unity Checks

API WSD JOIN Allowable - Basic Capacity
Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
= 1.0 for ordinary loadcases

= 1.33 for extreme loadcases
= 1.6 for earthquake loadcases
API WSD JOIN Allowable - Strength Factor Qu

Clause/(Eqn)
168
Commentary
Message
API WSD JOIN Allowable - Strength Factor Qf

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
API WSD JOIN - Joints with Thickened Cans

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
API WSD JOIN - Nominal Load Unit Checks

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
169
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST
API WSD JOIN - Combined Axial and Bending Unity Checks

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
Spectral Expansion for Joint Checks (API WSD JOIN)

In response spectrum analysis using modal superposition (Ref. 12) structure displacements and forces calculated represent estimated maxima. Such estimated maxima are, in general, unsigned (positive).
For the purpose of checking joints to API, a series of worst static-spectral possible loadcases must be generated
from the member unsigned spectral and signed static end forces.
The signs applied to the spectral end forces when generating a series of worst cases depends upon the
unity check being considered and details of the signs adopted/deduced are given in this section.
dynamic conditions to be purely a static condition. Any joint type identification dependant on axial load is
carried out prior to any combinations with dynamic cases.
There are eight possible unique combinations of signs, or spectral expansions, which can be applied to
unsigned spectral axial and local bending stresses:
2 - axial (tension and compression)
x
2 - local Y bending (hog and sag)
x
2 - local Z bending (hog and sag)
and each is denoted by a single alphabetic letter code in BEAMST in the range R-Y as shown in Automatic
Signed Spectral Expansion codes for joint checks and the respective signs applied to Chord/Brace unsigned
Spectral Constituents (p. 189). The spectral expansion codes indicating the signs chosen by BEAMST for both
the chord and brace member spectral stresses are appended to the loadcase number in the unity check report,
the code for the chord member being appended first.
Each of the 8 spectral expansions are applied to the dynamic chord forces before they are combined with
the static forces the worst cases Qf factor for the joint to determine.
If the dynamic axial force is not of a sufficient magnitude that it can change the combined brace axial forces
direction then a single design is undertaken with the axial force assigned to each joint type being determined
by the static cases proportions.
If the magnitude is sufficient to change the axial force direction, a second analysis is performed; again the
axial force is proportioned by the joint types determined with the static case. The unity checks are compared
and the conservative case is selected. Because force directions are not available for the dynamic case the
joint type assignments may be incorrect, hence it may be preferable to overide this function by using the
TYPE command.
170
API Punching Shear Joint Check (API WSD PUNC)

API WSD PUNC Overview
The API WSD PUNC command in BEAMST requests that punching shear calculations be performed to API
recommendations for tubular joints (Ref. 2). The joints may consist of TUBE elements and/or other beam
types that have been assigned tubular sections in the structural analysis.
Joints for punching shear post-processing are selected using the JOINt command in BEAMST which specifies
Joints are automatically classed as K, T or Y depending on the joint geometry as follows:
1.
2.
all brace members.
3.
4.
If the CHORd command is used to specify a chord member, this alone will be considered. If two chords
loadcase selected.
5.
BEAMST selects simple joint (brace-chord pair) types as follows:

1.
Brace members perpendicular to the chord members (smaller included angle less than or equal to
80 degrees) as T joints.
2.
Single non-perpendicular braces are classified as Y joints. Two non-perpendicular braces on the same
side of the chord are classified as K joints.
3.
Cross or Double(DT) joints must be user specified.
4.
In the case of user defined K and X joints, no search is performed for a second brace member in the
same brace-chord plane as the first brace.
5.
Brace members specified on joint TYPE commands are automatically selected as braces in the above
brace-chord member selection process.
6.
No conflict between CHORd command specified members and brace members specified on joint TYPE
commands is allowed.
The detailed joint punching shear unity check report provides information on joint geometric parameters,
type, acting chord and brace stresses, punching shear, Qf and Qq factors, punching shear allowable(s), and
unity checks. This may be requested using the PRINt UNCK command. The maximum unity check is flagged
171
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

for ease of reference. When an interpolatory joint type classification is being employed two sets of punching
shear allowables are reported, one for each joint classification type and these pertain to joints classified as
100% of the respective joint types.
BEAMST commands applicable to the API punching stress command are given in API WSD PUNC Commands (p. 172) below and are described in detail in BEAMST Command Reference (p. 5). An example data
file is given in Example API WSD PUNC data file (p. 173).
For the purpose of simulating joint locally thickened tubulars or joint cans a STUB command is available for
re-definition of member outer diameters and wall thicknesses at the joint.
To calculate allowable punching shear stress to API procedures member yield strengths must be specified
and a YIELd command must be included for this purpose.
The one third increase in basic allowable punching shear stress permitted by the API recommendation for
design extreme environmental conditions can be requested on a loadcase basis using the EXTReme command
in BEAMST. For earthquake (seismic) loadcases a larger increase in basic allowable punching shear is permitted
and the QUAK command will select it for the loadcases specified.
Command
Description
Usage
Note
API WSD PUNC
API Punching shear joint check header command C
UNIT
YIEL
Yield stress
JOIN
TYPE
CHOR
SECO
DESI
GAPD
Defines default gap dimensions
PROF
STUB
CASE
COMB
CMBV
SELE
172
1
C

Command
Description
SPEC
Loadcases originating from response spectrum

analysis
Usage
Note
RENU
QUAK
EXTR
PRIN
TEXT
TITL
END
Usage
Notes
1.
2.

JOB POST
PROJECT MANU
COMPONENT PILE JACA
OPTION GOON
END
API ED20 PUNC
*
*
JOINT ALL
NOT JOINTS 1315 1355 5110 5150
*
*
UNIT KN M
*
*
*
*
173
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

COMB 10 1.0 1 1.0 3 1.0 4
COMB 11 1.0 2 1.0 3 1.0 4
*
*
EXTR 10 11
*
*
*
*
CHORD 1130 122 123
*
*
*
*
END
STOP
API Punching Shear Check Report

NO
UNI - Brace angle is less than 20 degrees so no unity checks are calculated
CHK
BTA
GT - ratio is greater than unity so no unity checks are calculated
ONE
+ - Largest unity check
N - If the first combined unity check exceeds unity (UCBN) then the second unity check cannot be calculated (UCCO)
174
API WSD PUNC Nomenclature

API WSD PUNC Nomenclature - Dimensional
D = Chord diameter
d = Brace diameter
R = Chord radius
T = Chord thickness
t = Brace thickness
= Ratio between the chord radius and thickness R/T
= Ratio between the thickness of the brace and chord t/T
= Angle between brace and chord
= Ratio between the diameter of the brace and chord d/D
g = K joint gap
API WSD PUNC Nomenclature - Acting Section Forces and Stresses

vp = Acting punching shear (1 each for axial, in-plane and out-of-plane bending)
faxc = Chord axial stress component
fipc = Chord in-plane bending stress
fopc = Chord out-of-plane bending stress
fa = Brace axial stress component
fip = Brace in-plane bending stress
fop = Brace out-of-plane bending stress
fb = Resultant brace bending stress
API WSD PUNC Nomenclature - Allowable Stresses and Unity Checks

fyb = Brace yield stress
fyc = Chord yield stress
Vp = Allowable punching shear (1 each for axial, in-plane and out-of-plane bending components)
UCax = Axial punching shear unity check
UCip = In-plane bending punching shear unity check
UCop = Out-of-plane bending punching shear unity check
UCBN = Combined bending punching shear unity check
UCCO = Combined axial and bending punching shear unity check
UCjt = Joint strength unity check
175
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST
API Allowable Punching Shear Stresses and Unity Checks

API Allowable - Acting Punching Shear Vp
Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
API Allowable - Chord Design Factor Qf

Clause/(Eqn)
176
Commentary
Message
API Allowable - Geometry and Load Factor Qq

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
If the loadcase is classified as EARTHQUAKE and the stresses

in the chord result from a combination of static and spectral
loadcases, the spectral stress component is multiplied by a
factor of 2. If, however, the resulting maximum stress (fa +
fb) exceeds the yield stress, the stress components fa, fip, fop
are factored such that fa + fb = fy and thus represent the capacity of the join chord away from the joint. The factored
stesses are printed in the output report. (Clause 2.3.6e para
1).
177
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST
API WSD - Allowable Punching Shear Vp

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
API WSD - Punching Shear Unity Checks

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
API WSD - Combined Axial and Bending Stress Unity Checks

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
If an interpolatory joint type classification is specified two

sets of geometry and loading factors Qq are calculated (Qq1
and Qq2). Two corresponding sets of API punching shear allowables are then calculated where each assumes the joint
to be 100% of the respective types. If the joint is specified
as C% joint type 1, the axial unity check is calculated as:
178

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
with UCip and UCop being calculated in a similar manner. The

combined unity checks are calculated as before using the
interpolated unity check values corresponding to each component of stress.
API WSD - Joint Strength Unity Check

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
Spectral Expansion for Joint Checks (API PUNC)

x
x
In general the influence of both the chord and brace members acting stress is such that by maximising the
total acting chord and brace stresses the resulting unity check values are also maximised. In such cases
BEAMST adopts the chord and brace member spectral axial and local bending stresses of the same sign as
the static axial and local bending static stresses respectively. There is one condition in which the above does
not hold and this may be summarised as follows:
179
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

If when the above procedure is followed and all extreme fibres in the chord are in tension, Qf is set to unity.
In such cases BEAMST searches for a spectral expansion which causes the largest compressive extreme fibre
stress and adopts it if found. This allows a smaller value of Qf to be calculated thus minimizing the allowables.
Notes
Spectral expansion Z represents the trivial case of static components only in a static-spectral loadcase..
API Nominal Load Check (API WSD NOMI)

API WSD NOMI Overview
The API WSD NOMI command requests that a nominal load joint check be performed as an alternative to
the API punching shear check and both are designed to give equivalent results. The nominal load check
differs from the punching shear check in that allowables are expressed in terms of brace loads rather than
stresses and the factor Qu replaces Qq. The two checks may be performed by interchanging PUNC and NOMI
in the API header command.
Joints for punching shear post-processing are selected using the JOINt command in BEAMST which specifies
1.
2.
all brace members.
3.
180

4.
loadcase selected.
5.

1.
Brace members perpendicular to the chord members (smaller included angle less than or equal to
80 degrees) as T joints.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
The user may override these classifications using the TYPE and CHORd commands. Interpolated joint classifications may be defined using the TYPE command. For K joints a gap dimension appropriate to the joint
may be specified in the TYPE command. A default gap dimension may be specified using the GAPD command.
The detailed joint punching shear unity check report provides information on joint geometric parameters,
type, acting chord and brace stresses, punching shear, Qf and Qq factors, punching shear allowable(s), and
unity checks. This may be requested using the PRINt UNCK command. The maximum unity check is flagged
for ease of reference. When an interpolatory joint type classification is being employed two sets of punching
shear allowables are reported, one for each joint classification type and these pertain to joints classified as
100% of the respective joint types.
BEAMST commands applicable to the API punching stress command are given in API WSD NOMI Commands (p. 181) below and are described in detail in BEAMST Command Reference (p. 5). An example data
file is given in Example API WSD NOMI data file (p. 182).
Command
Description
Usage
API WSD NOMI
API Nominal load joint check header command
UNIT
YIEL
Yield stress
Note
1
181
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Command
Description
Usage
Note
JOIN
TYPE
CHOR
SECO
DESI
GAPD
Defines default gap dimensions
PROF
STUB
CASE
COMB
CMBV
SELE
SPEC
Loadcases originating from response spectrum

analysis
RENU
QUAK
EXTR
PRIN
TEXT
TITL
END
Usage
Notes
1.
2.

JOB POST
PROJECT MANU
COMPONENT PILE JACA
OPTION GOON
END
182

API ED20 NOMI
*
*
JOINT ALL NOT JOINTS 1315 1355 5110 5150
*
*
SECONDARY ELEMENTS 801 802 UNIT KN M
*
*
*
*
COMB 10 1.0 1 1.0 3 1.0 4
COMB 11 1.0 2 1.0 3 1.0 4
*
*
EXTR 10 11
*
*
*
*
CHORD 1130 122 123
*
*
*
*
END
STOP
API Nominal Load Check Report

The detailed nominal load unity check report provides information on joint geometric parameters, type,
acting chord and brace loading, Qf, and Qu factors, nominal load allowables and unity checks. This may be
requested using the PRINt UNCK command. The maximum unitity check is flagged for ease of reference.
When an interpolatory joint type classification is being employed, two sets of nominal load allowables are
183
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

reported, one for each joint classification type, and these pertain to joints classified as 100% of the respective
joint types.
NO
UNI - Brace angle is less than 20 degrees so no unity checks are calculated
CHK
BTA
GT - ratio is greater than unity so no unity checks are calculated
ONE
+ - Largest unity check
N - If the first combined unity check exceeds unity (UCBN) then the second unity check cannot be calculated (UCCO)
API WSD NOMI Nomenclature

API WSD NOMI Nomenclature - Dimensional
D = Chord diameter
d = Brace diameter
R = Chord radius
T = Chord thickness
t = Brace thickness
= Ratio between the chord radius and thickness R/T
= Ratio between the thickness of the brace and chord t/T
= Angle between brace and chord
= Ratio between the diameter of the brace and chord d/D
g = K joint gap
API WSD NOMI Nomenclature - Acting Forces and Stresses

P = Brace axial force
184

Mip = Brace in-plane bending moment
Mop = Brace out-of-plane bending moment
faxc = Chord axial stress component
fipc = Chord in-plane bending stress
fopc = Chord out-of-plane bending stress
fa = Brace axial stress component
fip = Brace in-plane bending stress
fop = Brace out-of-plane bending stress
fb = Resultant brace bending stress
API WSD NOMI Nomenclature - Allowable Stresses and Unity Checks

fyc = Chord yield stress
Pa = Allowable axial force
Maip = Allowable in-plane bending moment
Maop = Allowable out-of-plane bending moment
UCax = Axial force unity check
UCip = In-plane bending unity check
UCop = Out-of-plane bending unity check
UCBN = Combined bending unity check
UCCO = Combined axial and bending unity check
UCjt = Joint strength unity check
API Allowable Nominal Loads and Unity Checks

API Allowable - Chord Design Factor Qf
Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
185
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST
API Allowable - Ultimate Strength Factor Qu

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
If the loadcase is classified as EARTHQUAKE and the stresses

in the chord result from a combination of static and spectral
loadcases, the spectral stress component is multiplied by a
factor of 2. If, however, the resulting maximum stress (fa +
fb) exceeds the yield stress, the stress components fa, fip, fop
are factored such that fa + fb = fy and thus represent the capacity of the join chord away from the joint. The factored
stesses are printed in the output report. (Clause 2.3.6e para
1).
186
API Allowable - Allowable Nominal Loads

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
API WSD - Nominal Load Unity Checks

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
API WSD - Combined Axial and Bending Unity Checks

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
187
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST
API WSD - Interpolated Joints

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
If an interpolatory joint type classification is specified, two

sets of geometry and loading factors Qu are calculated (Qu1
and Qu2). Two corresponding sets of nominal load allowables
are then computed where each assumes the joint to be 100%
of the respective types. If the joint is specified as C% joint
type 1, the axial unit check is calculated as:

API WSD - Joint Strength Unity Check

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
Spectral Expansion for Joint Checks (API NOMI)

x
x
188
API Load and Resistance Factor Design Allowable Member Stress Check (API LRFD MEMB)
the static axial and local bending static stresses respectively. There is one condition in which the above does
not hold and this may be summarised as follows:
If a cross joint is specified two values of the axial components of Qq/Qu may be calculated depending on
whether the axial stress in the brace is compressive or tensile. If a large spectral axial stress is to be combined
with a small tensile static stress it is not obvious which spectral expansion leads to the worst unity check
value. A small compressive axial stress may produce a smaller allowable than a higher tensile stress. BEAMST
considers both possibilities and adopts a spectral expansion which leads to the worst unity check.
Notes
Spectral expansion Z represents the trivial case of static components only in a static-spectral loadcase.
API Load and Resistance Factor Design Allowable Member Stress Check (API
LRFD MEMB)
API LRFD MEMB Overview
The API LRFD MEMB header command in BEAMST is used to request member stress checks to API LRFD
design recommendations (Ref. 3) for TUBE elements or other beam types that have been assigned tubular
sections in the structural analysis.
Unstiffened tubular local buckling, allowable stresses taking into account inelastic shell buckling, member
buckling and yield strength and unity checks are all performed to the API recommendations as detailed in
API LRFD Allowable Stresses and Unity Checks (p. 196). Amplification-reduction factors, Cmy and Cmz, are restricted to a maximum of 0.85 unless these values are user defined. TUBE element effective shear areas are
rigidly restricted to one half of the cross-section area.
189
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

The API specification is written in terms of member yield strengths, so a YIELd command must be used to
specify the yield strength.
Members may be selected for processing by elements and/or groups. The member section information may
be redefined using DESI commands. Further commands are available for defining topological characteristics
of the members (EFFE, UNBR and ULCF) and specifying members that are classified as secondary (SECO).
The API LRFD standard utilises limit state checks with resistance coefficients to achieve the desired level of
safety. In keeping with this principle, applied loads must be multiplied by appropriate factors, as defined in
the code of practice (Section C, Loads), to develop the design load case combinations necessary for processing.
Where non-linear pile analysis is undertaken (using SPLINTER) the design loads must be applied to the pile
model to account for the increased non-linearity this introduces. In situations where a non-linear pile analysis
has not been carried out, the design loads may be produced using the COMB or CMBV commands utilising
the required load factors. For abnormal loading conditions the ABNO command may be used to set the
resistance coefficients to unity.
required reports. The PRIN command is also used to request the various summary reports available. Two
summary reports are available>
Summary report 1 is requested with the PRIN SUM1 subcommand and details the loadcase producing the
highest unity check value for each element.
Summary report 3 is requested with the PRIN SUM3 subcommand and consists of the highest unity check
for each selected loadcase for each element selected.
A complete list of the command set available for the API LRFD MEMB code checks is given in API LRFD MEMB
Commands (p. 190) below and described in detail in BEAMST Command Reference (p. 5). An example data
file is given in Example of API LRFD MEMB data file (p. 191).
Command
Description
Usage
Note
API LRFD MEMB
API allowable stress header command
UNIT
YIEL
Yield stress
GROU
ELEM
SECT
SEAR
SECO
and stresses
190
Command
Description
Usage
Note
Secondary members
DESI
PROF
EFFE
CB
CMY/CMZ
UNBR
ULCF
ABNO
Abnormal loadcases
CASE
C 3
COMB
C 3
CMBV
SELE
SPEC
RENU
PRIN
TEXT
TITL
END
C 3
Usage
Notes
1.
2.
3.

JOB POST
PROJECT MANU
COMPONENT PILE JACA
UNIT KN M
OPTION GOON
END
191
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

API LRFD ED1 MEMB
*
*
GROU 1
*
*
*
*
COMB 10 1.35 1 1.1 3 1.1 4
COMB 11 1.35 2 1.1 3 1.1 4
*
*
*
*
EFFE 0.8 ELEM 105 106
EFFE 1.0 GROU 1
*
*
UNBR LENG 15.0 7.5 ELEM 102 103
*
*
CMY 0.85 ELEM 102 103 105 106
CMZ 0.85 ELEM 102 103 105 106
*
*
SECT 0.5 ELEM ALL
*
*
PRIN XCHK PROP UNCK FORC STRE SUNI N MM SUM1 BOTH SUM3
END
STOP
192
API LRFD MEMB Unity Check Report

columns of the report define the loadcase, section number and position as a ratio of the elements length
together with the section diameter and thickness, slenderness ratios and the column slenderness parameter
().
The next two columns present the acting axial, shear and bending stresses pertaining to the given loadcase.
columns of the report together with the Euler buckling strengths (Fey and Fez), the reduced yield stress for
local and column buckling interaction and the inelastic buckling strength. These are preceded by an alphanumeric descriptor (CODE) that indicates the derivation of each of the main allowable stresses. These
descriptors are of the form:
T.XVYZ or C.XVYZ
code clause or equation used to evaluate the allowable stresses and are defined in API LRFD MEMB Allowable
Stress alphabetic codes (p. 193).
Stress
Code
Clause
AISC LRFD B7
AISC LRFD B7
(D.2.2-2a)
(D.2.2-2b)
(D.2.4-1)
(D.2.3-2a)
(D.2.3-2b)
(D.2.3-2c)
Description
shear yield

C.CYCC
193
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

The allowable stresses are followed by the nine utilisation values for axial, shear, torsion, bending (y,z and
resultant) and the combined yield and buckling checks.
FAIL - Member has a utilisation exceeding unity or fails parameter limits (flagged with THKF, DTRF, YIEL,
SLRF, SLRW or SHYF)
THKF - Wall thickness less than 6 mm
YIEL - Yield stress greater than 414 MPa
API LRFD MEMB Nomenclature

API LRFD MEMB Nomenclature - Dimensional

t - Thickness
k - Effective length factor (if subscripted with y or z, this relates to the appropriate local axis, if not it is
the maximum)
L - Unbraced length of member (if subscripted with y or z, this relates to the appropriate local axis, if
not it is the maximum)
r - Radius of gyration (if subscripted with y or z, this relates to the appropriate local axis, if not it is the
maximum)
194
S - Elastic section modulus
Z - Plastic section modulus
API LRFD MEMB Nomenclature - Acting Section Stresses

fa - Axial stress
fc - Axial compressive stress
API LRFD MEMB Nomenclature - Allowable Stresses and Unity Checks

fy - Yield stress
f1y - Reduced yield stress accounting for interaction of local and column buckling
Fv - Allowable flexural shear stress
Fvt - Allowable torsional shear stress
Fey, Fez - Euler strength for y and z axes
Fxe - Elastic local buckling strength
Fcn - Nominal axial compressive strength
Fbn - Nominal bending strength
Fha - Allowable elastic hoop buckling stress
Fca - Allowable inelastic axial local buckling stress
Fxa - Allowable elastic axial local buckling stress
UCbr - Pure resultant bending check
UCbu - Combined axial compression and bending buckle check
UCy1 - Combined axial and bending yield unity check (D.3.2-2)
UCy2 - Combined axial and bending yield unity check (D.3.2-3)
UCCSR - Upper bound member buckling unity check
API LRFD MEMB Nomenclature - Parameters

E - Young's modulus
b - Resistance factor for bending
c - Resistance factor for axial compressive strength
t - Resistance factor for axial tensile strength
v - Resistance factor for shear
195
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST
API LRFD Allowable Stresses and Unity Checks

API LRFD Partial Coefficients
Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
Code
Message
Code
Message
Resistance factors
These factors may be set to unity by utilising the

ABNO command.
Load coefficients
API LRFD - Allowable Tension Stress, Ft

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Allowable stress
API LRFD - Allowable Compression Stress, Fa

Clause/(Eqn)
196
Commentary
Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
Code
Message
API LRFD - Allowable Bending Stress, Fb

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
197
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
Code
Message
Code
Message
API LRFD Allowable Shear Stress, Fv and Fvt

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Beam Shear
Torsional Shear
API LRFD MEMB - Unity Checks

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Axial
198
Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
Code
Message
Shear
Pure Bending
API LRFD MEMB - Combined Stresses

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
For axial tension and bending buckle check

UCbu is set = 0.0
Combined axial and bending yield check
199
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
Buckle CSR check

UCCSR
This uses the same equation (D.3.2-1) as the axial
compression and bending buckle check but utilises
the maximum stresses and the minimum member
properties occurring along the member in order to
compute an upper bound buckle check. It should be
noted that this check often results in high utilisation
ratios which may not occur in practice, but indicates
a need to undertake a more rigorous hand analysis
of the member.
Spectral Loadcases
For the purpose of checking members to API a series of worst case static-spectral loadcase permutations
must be generated from the member unsigned spectral and signed static end forces.
Torsional Effects
Checks
200
account.
Check.
Yield and Buckle Unity Checks
Pure bending checks may be based upon the combination of static-spectral expansions which maximise the
bending stress on the cross-section. For the combined buckle check, however, it is necessary to determine
the spectral expansion which maximises the ratio of acting to allowable stress as opposed to simply maximising the acting stress. In general this is necessary because the check includes the amplification reduction
factors Cmy and Cmz which are themselves functions of the signs and relative magnitudes of the member
total end forces.
critical expansions at each section.
Unity Check Report for Spectral Cases

The Unity Check Report for a spectral or a static-spectral summation is the same as that for a pure static
case except that the loadcase number is appended with the letters A-P indicating which expanded case
produces the highest overall utilisation at the section under consideration.
API Combined Stress Buckle Unity Check (Buckle CSR)

As for the yield unity check it is necessary to determine which spectral expansions maximise the bending
components of the buckle unity check defined by ratio of equivalent uniform bending stress to minimum
allowable.
201
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Note that the CSR value is not normally reported in summary file 1 unless it represents the maximum utilisation
for a beam, or the utilisation is greater than unity.
API Load and Resistance Factor Design Hydrostatic Collapse Check (API LRFD
HYDR)
API LRFD HYDR Overview
The API LRFD HYDR header command is used to request that hydrostatic pressure, allowable stresses,
member actions, unity checks and combined stress hydrostatic collapse unity checks be performed to API
design recommendations (Ref. 3) for TUBE elements, or other beam types that have been assigned tubular
sections in the structural analysis.
Members may be selected for processing by element and/or group. The member section dimensions may
be redefined using DESI commands to modify the diameter and/or thickness. Further commands are available
for defining topological characteristics of the members (EFFE, UNBR and ULCF) and specifying members that
The calculation of hydrostatic pressures requires a knowledge of each member position with respect to still
water level, tide height, wave height and length as well as details of the sea medium and various commands
in BEAMST exist to define these. First a reference frame has to be specified for the (sea) water axes and its
origin position in terms of the jacket reference frame defined (i.e. the global co-ordinate system used in the
previous ASAS analysis) using a MOVE command. (See BEAMST Command Reference (p. 5) and Ref. 14). This
command is optional and if omitted the water and jacket frame origins are taken to coincide. Having defined
the water axes origin, the relative orientations of water and jacket axes must follow. For example the jacket
axes may be inclined to the water axes if the jacket is being considered in a semi-submerged position. In
order to convert pressure heads to hydrostatic pressure the coefficient of gravity in the vertical downwards
(-Zwater) water direction is required. If the components of this coefficient of gravity are specified in terms
of the jacket axes then the water-jacket axes orientation and the coefficient of gravity can be specified in a
single operation. The GRAVity command in BEAMST is available for this purpose and is compulsory for the
API hydrostatic collapse check. The jacket and water axes are now spatially fixed and the only remaining
information required for calculation of water static head is that of mean water level, sea bed level, density
of seawater and tide height. This information is specified using the compulsory ELEVation command. For
completion a further command WAVE is available for specification of wave height and period, for the inclusion
of wave induced pressure components. This command is optional and if omitted the static water head only
is considered. For calculation
(i.e. axial length of cylinder between stiffening rings, diaphragms or end connections is equal to the element
length). This unstiffened length may be defined explicitly using a ULCF command. This command allows
ring stiffened tubulars to be checked for hydrostatic pressure collapse between the stiffening rings. The API
LRFD HYDRcode also includes some of the basic member interaction checks and use is made of the unbraced
202
API Load and Resistance Factor Design Hydrostatic Collapse Check (API LRFD HYDR)
lengths (UNBR) and effective length factors (EFFE) together with the amplification reduction factors Cmy
and Cmz. It is important, therefore, that these terms are supplied in a form compatible with an API LRFD
MEMB check.
stresses, membrane hoop and tension/compression collapse interaction unity checks is available and may
be requested using the PRIN UNCK command.
Summary report number 1 is requested using the PRIN SUM1 command and gives the highest unity check
The BEAMST commands applicable to the API LRFD HYDR collapse Command data are given in API LRFD
HYDR Commands (p. 203) below and are described in detail in BEAMST Command Reference (p. 5). An example
data file is given in Example API LRFD HYDR data file (p. 204).
Command
Description
Usage
Note
API LRFD HYDR
API LRFD hydrostatic collapse header command
UNIT
YIEL
Yield stress
ELEV
Water depth and gravity
MOVE
WAVE
GRAV

axis system
GROU
ELEM
SECT
203
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Command
Description
Usage
Note
DESI
PROF
EFFE
UNBR
ULCF

ABNO
Abnormal loadcases
CASE
COMB
CMBV
HYDR
Load factors for design hydrostatic head
SELE
RENU
PRIN
TEXT
TITL
END
Usage
Notes
1.
2.
3.
Table 5.11 API LRFD HYDR Commands

JOB POST
PROJECT MANU
COMPONENT PILE JACA
OPTION GOON
UNIT KN M
END
API LRFD ED1 HYDR
*
204
*
GROU 1
*
*
*
*
COMB 10 1.35 1 1.1 3 1.1 4
COMB 11 1.35 2 1.1 3 1.1 4 ** Hydrostatic information
*
ELEVATION 0.0 -50.0 1.025
GRAVITY 0.0 0.0 -9.81
*
*
*
*
EFFE 0.8 ELEM 105 106
EFFE 1.0 GROU 1
*
*
UNBR LENG 15.0 7.5 ELEM 102 103
*
*
CMY 0.85 ELEM 102 103 105 106
CMZ 0.85 ELEM 102 103 105 106
*
*
SECT 0.5 ELEM ALL
*
*
PRIN XCHK PROP UNCK FORC STRE SUNI N MM SUM1 BOTH
END
STOP
205
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST
API LRFD Hydrostatic Unity Check Report

FAIL - Code check failure for this member - Unity check 1.0 or THKF, YIEL, DTRF
FXHA - Net axial stress fax less than half allowable elastic hoop stress and thus eqn (D.3.4-3) not checked
YIEL - Yield strength greater than 414MPa (60ksi)
MGTR - Geometry parameter, used in the elastic hoop buckling stress, M, greater than 1.6 D/t
NOCK - Section is out of the water and is thus not checked for hydrostatic conditions
API LRFD HYDR Nomenclature

API LRFD HYDR Nomenclature - Dimensional

t - Thickness
the maximum)
Lu - Unstiffened length of member
r - Radius of gyration (if subscripted with y or z, this relates to the appropriate local axis, if not it is the
maximum)
S - Elastic section modulus
API LRFD HYDR Nomenclature - Acting Section Forces and Stresses

fh - Hoop stress
ft - Axial tensile stress
fc - Axial compressive stress
fby - Bending stresses about local y axis
fbz - Bending stresses about local z axis
206
API LRFD HYDR Nomenclature - Allowable Stresses and Unity Checks

fy - Yield stress
f1y - Reduced yield stress accounting for interaction of local and column buckling
Fxe - Elastic local buckling strength
Fcn - Nominal axial compressive strength
Fbn - Nominal bending strength
Fha - Allowable elastic hoop buckling stress
Fhc - Critical hoop buckling stress
Fhe - Elastic hoop buckling stress
Fca - Allowable inelastic axial local buckling stress
Fch - Allowable critical hoop buckling stress
Fxa - Allowable elastic axial local buckling stress
UCax - Axial tension unity check
UCbu - Combined axial compression and bending buckle check (D.3.2-1)
UCc - Combined axial (tension or compression), bending and hydrostatic pressure check
UCh - Hoop compressive unity check
UCy - Combined axial compression and bending yield unity check (Maximum of D.3.2-2 and D.3.2-3)
API LRFD HYDR Nomenclature - Parameters

E - Young's modulus
- Poissons ratio
M - Geometric parameter
Ch - Critical hoop buckling coefficient
b - Resistance factor for bending
c - Resistance factor for axial compressive strength
h - Resistance factor for hoop buckling
t - Resistance factor for axial tensile strength
API LRFD - Allowable Stresses and Unity Checks

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
(a) If
(shallow water)
then
207
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST
(b) Else if
and
(deep water)
then

Tw = wave period
API LRFD HYDR - Design Hydrostatic Pressure

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
API LRFD HYDR - Limit Checks

Clause/(Eqn)
208
Commentary
Message
Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
API LRFD HYDR - Elastic Hoop Buckling Stress Fhe

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
API LRFD HYDR - Allowable Elastic Hoop Buckling Stress Fha

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
209
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST
API LRFD HYDR - Critical Hoop Buckling Stress Fhc

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
API LRFD HYDR - Allowable Critical Hoop Buckling Stress Fch

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
API LRFD HYDR - Critical Axial Elastic Local Buckling Stress Fxe
Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
API LRFD HYDR - Allowable Axial Elastic Local Buckling Stress Fxa
Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
API LRFD HYDR - Inelastic Axial Local Buckling Stress Fxc

Clause/(Eqn)
210
Commentary
Message
Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
API LRFD HYDR - Allowable Inelastic Axial Local Buckling Stress Fca
Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
API LRFD HYDR - Hoop Compressive Unity Check UCH

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
API LRFD HYDR - Allowable Tension Stress Ft

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
API LRFD HYDR - Aloowable Axial Compression Stress Fa

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
211
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
API LRFD HYDR - Allowable Bending Stress Fb

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
API LRFD HYDR - Axial Tension Check UCax

Clause/(Eqn)
212
Commentary
Message
Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
API LRFD HYDR - Combined Tension and Hydrostatic Pressure Unity Check UCc
Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
API LRFD HYDR - Combined Compression and Hydrostatic Pressure Unity Checks
Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
Combined axial compression and bending yield check
213
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
Combined axial compression and bending yield check
API Load and Resistance Factor Design Nominal Load Check (API LRFD JOIN)
API LRFD JOIN Overview
The API LRFD JOIN command requests that a nominal load joint check be performed to API LRFD design
recommendations (Ref. 3).
Joints for post-processing are selected using the JOINt command in BEAMST which specifies the node
numbers at joint positions. All joints are assumed simple. Elements may be excluded from the check using
the SECOndary command. Yield stresses must be provided for both the chord and brace elements at a joint.
1.
2.
If two or more potential chord members have equal diameters BEAMST will consider the two with the
all brace members.
3.
In the case of more than two potential chord members with equal diameters and wall thicknesses, the
4.
loadcase selected.
5.
214
1.
Brace members perpendicular to the chord members (smaller included angle greater than or equal
to 80 degrees) as T joints.
2.
Single non-perpendicular braces are classified as K joints.
3.
4.
5.
6.
If load transfer across chords is to be checked at selected joints, additional chord data must be supplied
using the CHOR EFFE command.
Two summary reports are available.
Summary report 1 details the load case producing the highest unity check for each chord/brace pair at a
joint.
Summary report 3 comprises the highest unity check for each selected loadcase for each chord/brace pair
at a joint.
BEAMST commands applicable to the API LRFD nominal load command are given in API LRFD JOIN Commands (p. 215) below and are described in detail in BEAMST Command Reference (p. 5). An example data
file is given in Example API LRFD JOIN data file (p. 216).
Command
Description
Usage
API LRFD JOIN
API joint check header command
UNIT
YIEL
Yield stress
Note
1
215
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Command
Description
Usage
GROU
ELEM
SECT
Chord elements at a joint and associated paramet- C

ers
Note
SECO
DESI
GAPD
Define default gap dimension
PROF
STUB
Tubular members end stub dimensions
ABNO
Abnormal loadcases
CASE
COMB
CMBV
SELE
SPEC
RENU
PRIN
TEXT
TITL
END
Usage
Notes
1.
2.
CHORd parameters are compulsory if load transfer across chord checks at cross joints are to be undertaken.
3.
Table 5.12 API LRFD JOIN Commands

JOB POST
PROJECT MANU
216
COMPONENT PILE JACA
OPTION GOON
UNIT KN M
END
API LRFD ED1 JOIN
*
*
JOINT ALL
NOT JOINTS 1315 1355 5110 5150
*
*
*
*
*
*
SELE 10 Extreme Wave 1 + Dead Loads + Live Loads
COMB 10 1.35 1 1.1 3 1.1 4
SELE 11 Extreme Wave 2 + Dead Loads + Live Loads
COMB 11 1.35 2 1.1 3 1.1 4
*
*
*
*
CHORD 1130 122 123
*
* Request cross chord check for one X joint
*
TYPE.OF.JOINT X
CHORD EFFE
*
*
*
*
PRIN XCHK UNCK SUNI N MM SUM3 SUM1
END
STOP
217
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST
API LRFD JOIN Check Report

The detailed nominal load unity check report provides information on joint geometric parameters, joint type,
acting chord and brace loading, Qf and Qu factors, nominal load allowables and unity checks for each
joint/brace requested. This may be selected using the PRINt UNCK command. When an interpolatory joint
type classification is being employed, two sets of nominal load allowables are reported, one for each joint
classification type, and these pertain to joints classified as 100% of the respective joint types.
The final column is reserved for messages. These may be summarised as follows:
FAIL - Joint/brace pair has a utilisation exceeding unity or fails parameter checks (flagged with BETA,
NOCK, NOCY or NOJN).
NOCY - Chord yield stress zero or negative, no checks possible
NOJN - No joint strength check possible. Brace or chord yield value zero or negative
NOCK - No chord brace pairs to check, greater than unity or < 200
BETA - > 0.9 so load transfer across chord check is invalid
THET - Brace angle, , < 200 so no check is possible
XCHK - Joint has been defined as an X or DT, but chord effective length and nominal thickness data
has not been supplied and load transfer across chord check has not been undertaken
API LRFD JOIN Nomenclature

API LRFD JOIN Nomenclature - Dimensional
Lc - Effective chord length (Figure E.3-6 of API Code)

R - Chord radius
r - Brace radius
T - Chord thickness
Tn - Nominal chord thickness (away from the joint)
t - Brace thickness
- Ratio between the chord radius and thickness R/T
- Ratio between the thickness of the brace and chord t/T
- Ratio between the diameter of the brace and chord d/D
g - K joint gap
218
API LRFD JOIN Nomenclature - Acting Forces and Stresses

faxc - Chord axial stress component
fipc - Chord in-plane bending stress
fopc - Chord out-of-plane bending stress
faxb - Brace axial stress component
fipb - Brace in-plane bending stress
fopb - Brace out-of-plane bending stress
API LRFD JOIN Nomenclature - Allowable Stresses and Unity Checks

fyb - Brace yield stress
fy - Chord yield stress
Pa - Allowable axial force
Px - Allowable axial force for load transfer across chords
Maip - Allowable in-plane bending moment
Maop - Allowable out-of-plane bending moment
UCx - Load transfer across chord unity check
UCco - Combined axial and bending unity check
UCjy - Joint strength unity check
API LRFD JOIN Nomenclature - Parameters

q - Yield stress resistance factor
j - Connection resistance factor
219
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST
API Allowable Nominal Loads and Unity Checks

API LRFD JOIN - Chord Design Factor Qf
Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
API LRFD JOIN - Ultimate Strength Factor Qu

Clause/(Eqn)
220
Commentary
Message
Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
API LRFD JOIN - Allowable Nominal Loads

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
221
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST
API LRFD JOIN - Load Transfer Across Chords

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
API LRFD JOIN - Nominal Load Unity Checks

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
API LRFD JOIN - Combined Axial and Bending Unity Checks UCco
Clause/(Eqn)
222
Commentary
Message
API LRFD JOIN - Interpolated Joints

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message

type 1, the axial unit check is calculated as:

API LRFD JOIN - Load Transfer Check UCx

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
API LRFD JOIN - Joint Strength Unity Check UCjy

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
Spectral Expansion for Joint Checks (API LRFD)

223
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

x
x
the static axial and local bending static stresses respectively. There are two conditions in which the above
does not hold and these may be summarised as follows:
If all the extreme fibre stresses in the chord are in tension Qf defaults to unity. To check if compression
produces a more onerous condition the sign of the axial stress is reversed and Qf recomputed if overall
compression is achieved.
If a cross joint is specified two values of the axial component of Qu may be calculated depending on
whether the axial stress in the brace is compressive or tensile. If a large spectral axial stress is to be
combined with a small static stress it is not obvious which spectral expansion leads to the worst unity
check value. BEAMST considers both possibilities and adopts a spectral expansion which leads to the
worst unity check.
Notes
Spectral expansion Z represents the trivial case of static components only in a static-spectral loadcase.
224
BS5950 Allowable Member Check (BS59 MEMB)
BEAMST BS59 Theory

The BEAMST commands applicable to BS59 command data are given in BS59 MEMB Commands (p. 226) and
described in detail in BEAMST Command Reference (p. 5). An example data file is given in Example BS59
MEMB data file (p. 227).

BS59 MEMB Overview
Two types of stress check are carried out:1.
Local cross-section checks, which are performed at both element ends, at each change of section for
stepped beams and at each section defined by the user with the SECT command.
2.
Overall buckling checks which are carried out once for each requested element.
Element selection may be done on a group or element number basis using the GROU and ELEM commands
respectively.
Loadcases from the preceding structural analysis may be selected for processing using either the CASE
command or COMB and CMBV commands if combinations are required. Acting and ultimate stresses/forces
are calculated and design checks are performed at element ends, at each change of section for stepped
beams and at each user requested section position defined by the SECT or SEAR commands. If the SEAR
command is used, the additional section forces and stresses and resulting unity checks are not reported
unless the respective maxima are found to exist at such sections.
Various member and section properties may be defined using the DESI, PROF, YIEL, EFFE, UNBR and ULCF
commands. The units of all input data must be defined using the UNIT command (unless ASAS units are
operational).
Output reports are requested using the PRIN command. One set of output reports is printed for each element.
Member property, force and stress reports are requested using the PROP, FORC and STRE subcommands
respectively. The unity check report is requested with the UNCK subcommand. Forces are reported in the
local section and global buckling checks and output units may be specified using the FUNI subcommand.
Four summary report files are available with the BS5950 code check:
Summary report 1 is requested with the PRIN SUM1 command and comprises the highest yield and buckle
combined stress unity checks and their components for each selected element over all loadcases selected.
Summary report 3 is requested with the PRIN SUM3 command and comprises the highest unity check for
Summary report 5 is requested with the PRIN SUM5 command and provides information about the highest
member forces and moments for each selected group. For each force type the worst four values are reported,
together with the element number, loadcase and position along the element.
225
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

The BEAMST commands applicable to BS59 command data are given in BS59 MEMB Commands (p. 226) below
and described in detail in BEAMST Command Reference (p. 5). An example data file is given in Example BS59
Command
Description
Usage
Note
BS59 MEMB
BS59 member check header command
UNIT
YIEL
Yield stress
GROU
ELEM
SECT
SEAR
and stresses
SIMP
Select elements for simple checks
MFAC
Define moment reduction factors for overall

buckling check
MLTF
Define L.T.B. moment reduction factor for overall
buckling check
DESI
PROF
EFFE
Effective lengths/factor
UNBR
ULCF
CASE
COMB
CMBV
SELE
RENU
PRIN
TEXT
TITL
END
226

Usage
Notes
1.
2.
3.
Compulsory for non-tubulars unless Sections have been used for all non-tubular elements to be processed in the preceding analyses.
4.

JOB POST
PROJECT MANU
COMPONENT PILE DECA
OPTION GOON END
BS5950 MEMB
*
*
GROUP ALL
NOT ELEMENT 991 992
UNIT KN M
*
*UNITS MM
: 931 TO 942
UNITS M
*
*
COMB 10 1.0 1 1.0 3 1.0 4
COMB 11 1.0 2 1.0 3 1.0 4
*
*
EXTR 10 11
*
*
*
227
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

*
EFFE 1.0 GROU ALL
*
*
UNBR LENG 4.875 19.5 ELEM 711 713
*
*
MFAC 1.0 0.85 ELEM 711 712 713
MFAC 1.0 0.85 ELEM 701 TO 704
MFAC 0.85 1.0 ELEM 702 703
MFAC 0.85 1.0 ELEM 706 707
*
*
*
*
PRIN XCHK PROP UNCK FORC STRE SUNI N MM SUM1 SUM3 SUM4
END
STOP
BS59 Allowable Unity Check Report

The unity check report is presented on an element by element basis, with separate tables reporting the
local cross-section unity check and overall buckle unity check results. For each tube the header line displays
the element number, the associated node numbers, the element group and the units in use.
For the local cross-section unity check report, results are printed for each of the selected positions (or sections)
along the element for each loadcase in turn.
For the overall buckling check a single set of results are reported for the whole element. For this report, the
letter C after the loadcase number indicates a compressive axial force, T indicates a tensile force.
FAIL - Code check failure for this member.
TENS - Section classified as plastic due to tensile load ( < 0, Table 7)
MCFO - Moment capacities calculated for flanges only
228
SLMN - Minor axis slenderness exceeds 180
SLMJ - Major axis slenderness exceeds 180
SIMP - Simplified checks (Clauses 4.8.2 and 4.8.3.2)
APPH - Thin web Appendix H used for moment capacity
BS59 MEMB Nomenclature

BS59 MEMB Nomenclature - Dimensional
(a) Rolled Sections
(b) Welded Sections
A = Cross-sectional area
Aw - Web area
ZJ - Elastic modulus (major axis)
ZN - Elastic modulus (minor axis)
SJ - Plastic modulus (major axis)
SN - Plastic modulus (minor axis)
IJ - Moment of inertia (major axis)
IN - Moment of inertia (minor axis)
AJ - Shear area (major axis)
AN - Shear area (minor axis)
LUNBY - Unbraced member lengths in the local y axis
LUNBZ - Unbraced member lengths in the local z axis
LULCF - Unbraced length of the member compression flange
ZFJ - Elastic modulus (major axis) ignoring webs
229
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST
SFJ - Plastic modulus (major axis) ignoring webs
ZFN - Elastic modulus (minor axis) ignoring webs
SFN - Plastic modulus (minor axis) ignoring webs
BS59 MEMB Nomenclature - Acting Forces and Stresses

P - Axial load (+ve tension)
MT - Torsional moment
MMJ - Major axis moment
MMN - Minor axis moment
SMJ - Major axis shear force
SMN - Minor axis shear force
BS59 MEMB Nomenclature - Allowable Stresses and Unity Checks

MCJ - Major axis bending capacity
MCN - Minor axis bending capacity
Mb - Lateral torsional buckling capacity
PCJ - Axial buckling capacity for major axis
PCN - Axial buckling capacity for minor axis
UCAX - Unity check - axial tension
UCMJ - Unity check - major axis bending
UCMN - Unity check - minor axis bending
UCSJ - Unity check - major axis shear
UCSN - Unity check - minor axis shear
UCXM - Unity check - axial + moment
UCBJ - Unity check - major axis buckling
UCBN - Unity check - minor axis buckling
UCLT - Unity check - lateral torsional
UCCM - Unity check - compression + moment
py - Design strength
YRF - Yield reduction factor for compression flange
YRW - Yield reduction factor for the web
YRT - Yield reduction factor for tube
E - Youngs modulus
Notes
230

Plastic section modulus values are recalculated by BEAMST rather than passed through from ASAS. All BEAMST
plastic modulus calculations ignore the effects of fillet radii. This is necessary to ensure the validity of some
equations used in the calculation of section capacities.
BS5950 Local Cross Section Checks

Clause/(Eqn)
Local Cross Section Check
Message
Six local cross-section checks are carried out; the checks

carried out and the headings under which they are reported
in the BEAMST output file are as follows:
4.6.1
4.2.3
4.2.3
4.2.5/4.2.6
4.2.5/4.2.6
4.2.6
4.8.24.8.3.2
1. AXIAL : axial tension

2. SHR(MJ.AX) : major axis shear
3. SHR(MN.AX) : minor axis shear
4. BND(MJ.AX) : major axis bending
5. BND(MN.AX) : minor axis bending
6. AX+MOM : axial force + moment
BS59 MEMB - Section Classification

Clause/(Eqn)
Section Classification
Message
The classification of I and RHS sections is dependent on

the slenderness of the compression flange and the web.
The overall classification of the section being the more
critical of the compression flange and web classifications.
231
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Clause/(Eqn)
232
Message

Clause/(Eqn)
Message
If > 2
If 0 < < 2
233
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Clause/(Eqn)
Message
If < 0
TWEB
then the plastic neutral axis is in the compression flange

and the section is assumed as having tension throughout.
The section is then classified as plastic.
234

Clause/(Eqn)
Message
Thin Web
BS59 MEMB - Axial Tension Unity Check

Clause/(Eqn)
Axial Tension Unity Check
Message
BS59 MEMB - Major Axis Shear Unity Check

Clause/(Eqn)
Major Axis Shear Unity Check
Message
BS59 MEMB - Minor Axis Shear Unity Check

Clause/(Eqn)
Minor Axis Shear Unity Check
Message
235
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Clause/(Eqn)
Minor Axis Shear Unity Check
Message
BS59 MEMB - Major Axis Shear Unity Checks, Low Shear Load
Clause/(Eqn)
Low Shear Load
Message
For cases where SMJ < 0.6*(0.6AJ)py, where AJ is as defined

in BS59 MEMB - Major Axis Shear Unity Check (p. 235), the
major axis bending capacity MCJ is calculated as follows:
236

Clause/(Eqn)
Low Shear Load
Message
BS59 MEMB - Major Axis Shear Unity Checks, High Shear Load
Clause/(Eqn)
High Shear Load
Message
For cases where SMJ > 0.6*(0.6AJ)py, where AJ is as defined

237
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Clause/(Eqn)
238
High Shear Load
Message

Clause/(Eqn)
High Shear Load
Message
239
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Clause/(Eqn)
240
High Shear Load
Message
BS59 MEMB - Minor Axis Shear Unity Checks, Low Shear Load
Clause/(Eqn)
Low Shear Load
Message
For cases where SMN < 0.6*(0.6AJ)py, where AJ is as defined

in BS59 MEMB - Minor Axis Shear Unity Check (p. 235), the
major axis bending capacity MCN is calculated as follows:
For cases where SMJ < 0.6*(0.6AJ)py, where AJ is as defined

241
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Clause/(Eqn)
Low Shear Load
Message
BS59 MEMB - Minor Axis Shear Unity Checks, High Shear Load
Clause/(Eqn)
High Shear Load
Message
For cases where SMN > 0.6*(0.6AJ)py, where AJ is as defined

in BS59 MEMB - Minor Axis Shear Unity Check (p. 235), the
minor axis bending capacity MCN is calculated as follows:
242

Clause/(Eqn)
High Shear Load
Message
243
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Clause/(Eqn)
244
High Shear Load
Message
BS59 MEMB - Axial Force plus Moment Unity Check

Clause/(Eqn)
Axial Force plus Moment Unity Check
Message
245
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Clause/(Eqn)
246
Message

Clause/(Eqn)
Message
247
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Clause/(Eqn)
248
Message

Clause/(Eqn)
Message
249
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Clause/(Eqn)
250
Message

Clause/(Eqn)
Message
BS59 MEMB - Simplified Axial Force and Moment

Clause/(Eqn)
Simplified Axial Force and Moment
Message
If the simplified local capacity check for plastic or compact

cross-sections is adopted using the SIMP command, the
following checks are undertaken:
251
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Clause/(Eqn)
Simplified Axial Force and Moment
Message
BS5950 Overall Member Checks

Clause/(Eqn)
Overall Member Check
Message
BS59 MEMB - Major Axis Compressive Buckling

Clause/(Eqn)
252
Major Axis Compressive Buckling
Message

Clause/(Eqn)
Message
253
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Clause/(Eqn)
254
Message

Clause/(Eqn)
Message
BS59 MEMB - Minor Axis Compressive Buckling

Clause/(Eqn)
Minor Axis Compressive Buckling
Message
255
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Clause/(Eqn)
Minor Axis Compressive Buckling
Message
BS59 MEMB - Lateral Torsional Buckling

Clause/(Eqn)
256
Message

Clause/(Eqn)
Message
The lateral torsional buckling behaviour of an I-section is

governed by the flanges, hence it has been assumed that
the reduced design strength should take account only of
the flange stress reduction factors.
Hence pyR = pyYRF
All lateral torsional buckling calculations are based on the
maximum major axis bending moment at any point along
the member (MMJ).
257
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Clause/(Eqn)
258
Message

Clause/(Eqn)
Message
259
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Clause/(Eqn)
Message
Tubular sections are not checked for lateral torsional

buckling. Note, however, that the buckling resistance moment, Mb, is computed for subsequent use if the simplified
method has been selected.
Mb = pySJ
BS59 MEMB - Overall Buckling

Clause/(Eqn)
260
Overall Buckling
Message

Clause/(Eqn)
Overall Buckling
Message
BS59 MEMB - Overall Buckling - Simplified Method

Clause/(Eqn)
Overall Buckling - Simplified Method
Message
261
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Clause/(Eqn)
Overall Buckling - Simplified Method
Message
BS59 MEMB - Thin or Slender Webs

Clause/(Eqn)
Thin or Slender Webs
H.3
When d/t > 63e the web is classified as slender
Message
For slender webs, a moment capacity of the web is computed by adopting the interaction formula given in appendix H3.2. For a given applied shear a proportion of the
applied longitudinal loading is calculated which satisfies
the interaction formula. The derivation of this proportion
of loading is as follows:
262

Clause/(Eqn)
Message
263
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Clause/(Eqn)
Message
For computing the moment capacity in the absence of

axial load, fc is set to zero and the above equation solved
directly.
Mflng is the reduced moment capacity of the flanges alone
when subjected to an axial stress of (1-)fc.
BEAMST DS44 Theory

The DS449 header command in BEAMST is used to request strength checks to the Danish Standards DS449
(Ref. 9) and DS412 (Ref. 10) for tubular members.
The DS449 and DS412 standards specify ultimate limit state checks and the partial coefficient method is
used. In keeping with this principle, applied loads must be multiplied by appropriate factors, as defined in
the code of practice (DS449, Section 5, Safety), to develop the design load case combinations necessary for
processing. Where non-linear pile analysis is undertaken (using SPLINTER) the design loads must be applied
to the pile model to account for the increased non-linearity this introduces. In situations where a non-linear
pile analysis has not been carried out, the design loads may be produced using the COMB or CMBV commands
utilising the required load factors. Partial material coefficients are specified on the basis of a number of
safety classes and in BEAMST either a normal or high safety class may be selected, high being the default.
Two types of check are available, member checks and joint checks, and these are requested using the MEMB
and JOIN subcommands respectively.
264
DS449 Member Checks (DS44 MEMB)

DS44 MEMB Overview
The DS44 MEMB header command in BEAMST is used to request that ultimate limit state checks, consisting
of von Mises yield, total buckling and local buckling checks, be performed to DS449 and DS412 for tubular
members. Elements may be classified as type ao, a, b, c or d for use in the column buckling curves of DS412.
Elements may be selected on an element or group basis using the ELEM or GROU commands respectively.
Loadcases from the preceding structural analysis may be selected for processing using either the CASE
command (if the loads have already been factored and combined) or the COMB and CMBV commands (which
permit combinations and factoring to be undertaken within BEAMST).
Acting and critical stresses are calculated and design checks are carried out at the element ends, at changes
of section for stepped beams and at each user requested section defined by the SECT or SEAR commands.
If the SEAR command is used, the additional section forces and stresses and resulting unity checks are not
reported unless the respective maxima are found to exist at such sections.
Output reports are requested with the PRIN command. Two unity check reports are printed if the UNCK
subcommand is present. The first gives critical stresses and unity check values for von Mises yielding and
local buckling at each section position. If the WAVE, ELEV, MOVE and GRAV commands are present in the
data, this report is automatically extended to include local buckling checks for hydrostatic overpressure. The
second report gives critical stresses and unity check values for total buckling of the member. Element
property, force and stress reports are printed if the sub-commands PROP, FORC, and STRE respectively are
present in the PRIN command. Three summary reports may be printed:
Summary report 1 is requested with the PRIN SUM1 command and gives the highest unity check values for
each element.
The total buckling check of DS412 requires the evaluation of equivalent moments based on the values of
the end moments and the maximum free bending moment. In order that the maximum free bending moment
is estimated properly it is necessary to specify at least one section along the beam, preferably at the mid.
The free bending moment values are reported at each section in the element force report.
The BEAMST commands applicable to the DS44 MEMB command are in DS449 MEMB Commands (p. 265) and
are described in detail in BEAMST Command Reference (p. 5). An example data file is given in Example DS44
Command
Description
Usage
DS449 MEMB
DS449 member check header command
UNIT
YIEL
Yield stress
Note
1
265
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Command
Description
Usage
Note
ELEV
Water depth and density
MOVE
WAVE
GRAV
Gravitational accelerations relative to structure

axis system
GROU
ELEM
SECT
SEAR
Additional sections to be reported automatically
DESI
PROF
EFFE
ULCF
Length of tubular between stiffening rings, diaphragms, etc
MCOF
UNBR
CASE
COMB
CMBV
SELE
RENU
PRIN
TEXT
TITL
END
Usage
Notes
1.
2.
Compulsory only if hydrostatic pressure effects to be examined.
266

3.
4.
Not compulsory because DS449 only checks tubular members.
5.

JOB POST
PROJECT MANU
COMPONENT PILE JACA
OPTION GOON
END
DS449 MEMB HIGH C
*
*
GROUP 1
UNIT KN M
*
*
*
* Examine four load combinations
*
SELE 10 Extreme Wave + Dead Loads + Topside Loads (action
COMB 10 0.75 1 1.0 3 1.3 4
COMB 11 1.3 1 1.0 3 1.0 4
COMB 12 1.0 1 1.0 3 1.0 4
COMB 13 0.75 1 1.0 3 1.0 4
*
* Include hydrostatic checks
*
ELEVATION 0.0 -50.0 1.025
GRAVITY 0.0 0.0 -9.81
*
*
*
*
EFFECTIVE.LENGTH 0.8 ELEMENTS 105 106
EFFECTIVE.LENGTH 0.8 ELEMENTS 101 TO 104
EFFECTIVE.LENGTH 1.0 GROUP 1
*
comb a)
comb b)
comb c)
comb d)
267
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

*
UNBRACED FACT 2.0 1.0 ELEM 105 106
UNBRACED LENG 15.0 7.5 ELEM 102 103
*
*
SECT 0.5 ELEM ALL
*
*
PRIN XCHK PROP UNCK FORC STRE SUNI N MM SUM1 SUM3 SUM4
END
STOP
DS449 MEMB Unity Check Report

FAIL - Code check failure for this member.
SLRF - Member slenderness ratio exceeds 200
RELS - Relative slenderness ratio exceeds unity for the local buckling code check
CONS - The distance between restraints (unbraced length) is less than the value specified in D.1.2.3 (Ref.
9) for hydrostatic overpressure and could lead to overdimensioning of the section
NOHC - No hydrostatic check was possible because the parameter limits for the k2 coefficient were exceeded
Buckling checks are not performed when members are in tension. When the axial force is tensile the message
MEMBER IS IN TENSION appears in the total buckle unity check report. When the extreme fibre stress is
tensile a + is placed after any critical stress or unity check value in which buckling is not considered.
DS449 MEMB Nomenclature

DS449 MEMB Nomenclature - Dimensional
A - Cross-sectional area
268

R - Mean radius of tube
t - Thickness
k - Core radius
k' - Effective length factor
r - Radius of gyration
S - Section modulus
DS449 MEMB Nomenclature - Acting Forces and Stresses

N - Axial force
Nely, Nelz - Euler force in y or z direction
My, Mz - Bending moment about y or z axis
fa - Axial stress
fh - Hoop stress
Mo - Maximum free bending moment from all sections examined along member
DS449 MEMB Nomenclature - Allowable Stresses and Unity Checks

fCRa - Critical compressive design stress for axial force and bending moment
fCRh - Critical hoop stress
fCRc - Critical combined stress
fy - Yield stress
E - Youngs modulus
- Poissons ratio
UCvm - von Mises yield check
UCs - Shear stress unity check
UCa - Local buckling under axial and bending stress
UChh - Local buckling due to hydrostatic overpressure
UCc - Combined axial, moment and hydrostatic pressure
UC1, UC2 - Total buckle checks
269
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST
DS449 Member Unity Check Calculations

DS449 MEMB - Partial Material Coefficients
Clause/(Eqn)
Partial Material Coefficients
Message
DS449 MEMB - von Mises Stress

Clause/(Eqn)
270
von Mises Stress
Message

Clause/(Eqn)
von Mises Stress
Message
DS449 MEMB - Total Buckling

Clause/(Eqn)
Total Buckling
Message
271
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Clause/(Eqn)
Total Buckling
Message
DS449 MEMB - Local Buckling Axial and Bending Stresses

Clause/(Eqn)
Local Buckling Axial and Bending Stresses
Message
The following quantities are obtained at each user defined

section and change of section along the beam.
272

Clause/(Eqn)
Local Buckling Axial and Bending Stresses
Message
DS449 MEMB - Local Buckling Hydrostatic Overpressure

Clause/(Eqn)
Local Buckling Hydrostatic Overpressure
Message
273
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Clause/(Eqn)
274
Local Buckling Hydrostatic Overpressure
Message
DS449 MEMB - Local Buckling Combined Actions

Clause/(Eqn)
Local Buckling Combined Actions
Message
DS449 MEMB - Unity Check Values

Clause/(Eqn)
Unity Check Values
Message
275
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Clause/(Eqn)
Unity Check Values
Message
DS449 Joint Checks (DS44 JOIN)

DS44 JOIN Overview
The JOIN sub-command requests joint checks to DS449. These checks are similar to the API 15th edition
nominal load checks. Joints for processing are selected using the JOIN command and all joints are assumed
to be simple and non-overlapping.
Elements may be excluded from selection as chords or braces using the SECOndary command. Joints are
automatically classed as K, T or Y depending on the joint geometry as follows.
1.
2.
If two or more potential chord members have equal diameters, BEAMST will consider the two with the
all brace members.
3.
4.
loadcase selected.
5.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
276

The user may override these classifications using the TYPE and CHOR commands. Interpolated joint classifications may be defined using the TYPE command. For K joints DS449 requires the evaluation of the mean of
the two brace diameters. To allow BEAMST to do this a second brace may be defined in the TYPE command.
A detailed unity check report is requested using the PRIN UNCK command. This gives details of joint geometry
and type, the acting and ultimate brace loads, and the parameters C and . For interpolated joint classifications
ultimate loads are printed for each joint type, assuming the joint to be 100% of the relevant type in each
case. Five unity check values are printed and the maximum is flagged for ease of reference.
Summary report number 4 comprises the three worst unity checks for each selected joint, together with the
distribution of unity check values. The distribution provides information on the number of unity checks exceeding an upper limit (default 1.0), less than a lower limit (default 0.5), and the number in the mid range.
The BEAMST commands applicable to the DS44 JOIN command deck are given in DS449 JOIN Commands (p. 277) below and described in detail in BEAMST Command Reference (p. 5). An example data file is
given in Example DS44 JOIN data file (p. 278).
Command
Description
Usage
Note
DS449 JOIN
DS449 joint check header command
UNIT
YIEL
Yield stress
MCOF
Partial Material Coefficient
GROU
ELEM
SECT
SECO
Secondary members
DESI
PROF
GAPD
Define default gap dimension
STUB
CASE
COMB
CMBV
SELE
RENU
PRIN
1
C
277
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Command
Description
TEXT
TITL
END
Usage
Note
Usage
Notes
1.
2.

JOB POST
PROJECT MANU
COMPONENT PILE JACA
OPTION GOON
END
DS449 JOIN
*
*
JOINT ALL
NOT JOINTS 1315 1355 5110 5150
*
*
UNIT KN M
*
*
AUGMENT TUB 1.0 0.05 ELEM 131
*
* Examine four load combinations
*
COMB 10 0.75 1 1.0 3 1.3 4
COMB 11 1.3 1 1.0 3 1.0 4
COMB 12 1.0 1 1.0 3 1.0 4
COMB 13 0.75 1 1.0 3 1.0 4
*
*
278
comb a)
comb b)
comb c)
comb d)

*
*
CHORD 1130 122 123
*
*
*
*
END
STOP
NPD JOIN Unity Check Report

The final column is reserved for messages. These may be summarised as follows:
NO
UNI - The joint geometry does not satisfy the criteria specified in D.2.3 (Ref. 9)
CHK
DS449 JOIN Nomenclature

DS449 JOIN Nomenclature - Dimensional
D - Chord diameter
R - Chord radius
T - Chord thickness
d - Brace diameter
t - Brace thickness
g - K joint gap
A - Cross-sectional area of the brace
279
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

S - Section modulus of the brace
DS449 JOIN Nomenclature - Acting Forces and Stresses

P - Axial force
Mip - Design in-plane bending moment in brace
Mop - Design out-of-plane bending moment in brace
fax - Axial stress
fip, fop - In-plane or out-of-plane bending stress
DS449 JOIN Nomenclature - Allowable Stresses and Unity Checks

PCRax - Critical axial load capacity for joint
MCRip, MCRCRop - Critical capacity for in-plane and out-of-plane moments
PVax - Joint capacity under axial load
MVip, MVop - Joint capacity for in-plane and out-of-plane moments
fCHORD - Yield stress for chord
UCip, UCop - In-plane and out-of-plane bending moment check
UCBN - Combined axial and bending moment check
UCCO - Chord load carrying capacity check
DS449 JOIN Nomenclature - Parameters

Cax - parameter for critical load capacity of a joint as regards axial load
Cip, Cop - parameter for critical load capacity of a joint as regards in-plane and out-of-plane moments
DS449 Joint Checks

Clause/(Eqn)
280
Joint Checks
Message
DS449 JOIN - Partial Material Coefficients

Clause/(Eqn)
Partial Material Coefficients
Message
DS449 JOIN - Critical Load Capacity

Clause/(Eqn)
Critical Load Capacity
Message
281
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Clause/(Eqn)
Critical Load Capacity
Message
DS449 JOIN - Joint Capacity

Clause/(Eqn)
282
Joint Capacity
Message
NPD and NS3472 Member Checks (NPD MEMB)
DS449 JOIN - Unity Checks

Clause/(Eqn)
Unity Check Values
Message
BEAMST NPD Theory

The NPD command in BEAMST is used to request member and joint checks to the Norwegian standards
NPD (Ref. 6) and NS3472 (Ref. 7).
The NPD and NS3472 codes specify ultimate limit state compliance checks and utilize the partial coefficient
method. In keeping with this principle, applied loads must be multiplied by appropriate factors, as defined
in the code of practice (NPD, Regulations for structural design of load bearing structures intended for exploitation of petroleum resources, Section 4, and NS3472, Section 4.2, Design load or factored load), to develop the design load case combinations necessary for processing. Where non-linear pile analysis is undertaken
(using SPLINTER) the design loads must be applied to the pile model to account for the increased non-linearity this introduces. In situations where a non-linear pile analysis has not been carried out, the design
loads may be produced using the COMB or CMBV commands utilising the required load factors. The value
of the partial material coefficient is as specified in NPD.
Two types of check are available, member checks and joint checks, and these are requested using the MEMB
and JOIN subcommands respectively.

NPD MEMB Overview
The MEMB subcommand is used to request ultimate limit state yield and buckling compliance checks for
tubular, I-shaped and hollow rectangular member types. For tubular members, checks are performed to NPD
whenever possible. When appropriate clauses do not exist in NPD, checks are performed to NS3472. All
other members are checked to NS3472. At present local buckling of plates is checked only for tubular elements.
Elements may be selected on a group or element number basis using the GROU and ELEM commands respectively. Loadcases from the preceding structural analysis may be selected for processing using the CASE,
283
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

COMB or CMBV commands. Acting and ultimate stresses/forces are calculated and design checks are performed
at element ends, at each change of section for stepped beams and at each user defined section position
(SECT). Various member and section properties may be defined using the DESI, PROF, YIEL, EFFE, UNBR and
ULCF commands. The units of all input data must be specified using the UNIT command.
A feature of the NPD code is that the hydrostatic collapse check is performed at the same time as the local
buckling checks and a separate HYDR report is not necessary. If the WAVE, ELEV, MOVE and GRAV subcommands appear in the NPD MEMB command data block, BEAMST will automatically calculate the hydrostatic
stresses and perform the appropriate design checks.
The global buckling check of NS3472 requires the evaluation of an equivalent moment for each element.
This value is based on the end moments and the maximum free bending moment occurring along the
member and corresponds to the CMY/Z factors in the AISC/API checks. In order to maximize the number of
points at which the internal bending moments are calculated the SEAR command may be used.
Output reports are requested using the PRIN command. One set of output reports is printed for each selected
element in a similar manner to the AISC/API output. Member property, force and stress reports are requested
using the PROP, FORC and STRE subcommands respectively. The unity check report is requested with the
UNCK subcommands. For convenience this report is presented in the form of two tables, the first for local
element checks and the second for global buckling checks. Stresses are reported in the local element checks
and output units may be specified using the SUNI subcommand. Forces are reported in the global buckling
checks and output units may be specified using the FUNI subcommand. Four summary reports are available:
Summary report 1 is requested with the PRIN SUM1 command and gives the highest local buckling, global
buckling and yield unity check values for each element.
The total buckling check of NPD/NS3472 requires the evaluation of equivalent moments based on the values
of the end moments and the maximum free bending moment. In order that the maximum free bending
moment is estimated properly it is necessary to specify at least one section along the beam, preferably at
the mid. The free bending moment values are reported at each section in the element force report.
The BEAMST commands applicable to the NPD MEMB command are in NPD MEMB Commands (p. 284) below
and are described in detail in BEAMST Command Reference (p. 5). An example data file is given in Example
NPD MEMB ED92 data file (p. 286).
Command
Description
Usage
Note
API WSD ALLO
NPD MEMB
UNIT
YIEL
Yield stress
MCOF
Partial material coefficient
284
1
C

Command
Description
Usage
Note
ELEV
MOVE
WAVE
GRAV

axis system
GROU
ELEM
SECT
SEAR
and stresses
DESI
PROF
EFFE
PHI
Loadcase dependent parameter for lateral buckling
UNBR
ULCF
CASE
COMB
CMBV
SELE
RENU
PRIN
TEXT
TITL
END
Usage
Notes
285
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

1.
2.
Compulsory only if hydrostatic pressure effects to be examined.
3.
4.
Compulsory for non-tubulars unless sections have been used for all elements to be processed in the
preceding analyses.
5.

JOB POST
PROJECT MANU
COMPONENT PILE JACA
OPTION GOON
END
NPD ED92 MEMB
*
*
GROUP 1
UNIT KN M
*
*
*
* Examine two load combinations
*
SELE 10 Extreme Wave + Dead Loads + Topside Loads (Comb a)
COMB 10 0.7 1 1.3 3 1.3 4
SELE 11 Extreme Wave + Dead Loads + Topside Loads (Comb b)
COMB 11 1.3 1 1.0 3 1.0 4
*
* Include hydrostatic checks
*
ELEVATION 0.0 -50.0 1.025
GRAVITY 0.0 0.0 -9.81
*
*
*
*
EFFECTIVE.LENGTH 0.8 ELEMENTS 105 106
EFFECTIVE.LENGTH 1.0 GROUP 1
*
286

*
UNBRACED FACT 2.0 1.0 ELEM 105 106
UNBRACED LENG 15.0 7.5 ELEM 102 103
*
*
SECT 0.5 ELEM ALL
*
*
PRIN XCHK PROP UNCK FORC SUNI N MM SUM1 SUM2 SUM3 SUM4
END
STOP
NPD MEMB Unity Check Report

The column headed Messages may contain one of the following:
FAIL - Code check failure.
*** - Unity check value exceeds 1.0
SLRF - Member slenderness ratio exceeds 250
CL-4 - Member belongs to design class 4 of NS3472, Figure 5.2.2. This message appears if:
NPD MEMB Nomenclature

NPD MEMB Nomenclature - Dimensional
(a) Rolled Sections
287
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST
(b) Welded Sections
A - Cross-sectional area
Ay - Y shear area
Az - Z shear area
Iz - Sectional inertia, major axis
Iy - Sectional inertia, minor axis
Ix - Sectional inertia, torsion
Sz - mMjor axis elastic section modulus
Sy - Minor axis elastic section modulus
ry - Radius of gyration about y axis
rz - Radius of gyration about z axis
NPD MEMB Nomenclature - Acting Forces and Stresses

N - Axial force
My, Mz - Bending moment about y or z axis
Qy, Qz - Shear force along y and z axis
Mx - Torque
fa - Axial stress
fb - Bending stress
fh - Hoop stress
fvt - Torsional shear stress
fvb - Flexural shear stress due to both y and z shear forces
fvy - Flexural shear stress along y axis
fvz - Flexural shear stress along z axis
288
NPD MEMB Nomenclature - Allowable Stresses and Unity Checks

Fy - Yield stress
fky, fkz - Buckling stress
Nkdy, Nkdz - Buckling design resistances about y and z axes
Nedy, Nedz - Euler buckling resistances about y and z axes
Mdy, Mdz - Moment capacities about y and z axes, excluding buckling effects
Ntd - Torsional buckling resistance
Mvd - Lateral buckling design moment
UCab - Combined axial and bending check
UCvy - Shear yield check along y axis
UCvz - Shear yield check along z axis
UCvm - von Mises unity check
UCby - Global buckling check about y axis
UCbz - Global buckling check about z axis
NPD MEMB Nomenclature - Parameters

E - Young's modulus
G - Shear Modulus
- Factor used in computing the ideal buckling moment
ky, kz - effective length factors
Ly - unbraced length for minor axis bending
Lz - unbraced length for major axis bending
NPD MEMB - Methods of von Mises stress calculation for NPD code checks
Tubular Members (NPD 1992 Edition)
289
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST
290
I-Sections
Hollow Rectangular Sections
291
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST
NPD MEMB - NPD and NS3472 Ultimate Limit State Compliance Checks
292
The design load effects are member forces or stresses resulting from a combination of design loads factored
using partial load coefficients as specified in NS3479 (Ref. 8.).
Cross sections are assumed to be class 1, 2 or 3 as defined in NS 3472 clause 5.2.2.1. If a cross-section is of
class 4 a message is printed in the local unity check report to signify that local buckling may occur before
yielding in the most extreme fibre.
NPD 1992 Member Checks - Tubular Members

NPD MEMB - Material and Structural Coefficients
Clause/(Eqn)
Material and Structural Coefficients
NPD MEMB - von Mises Unity Check

Clause/(Eqn)
von Mises Unity Check
NPD MEMB - Elastic Buckling Resistance for Unstiffened Cylindrical Shells

Clause/(Eqn)
Elastic Buckling Resistance for Unstiffened Cylindrical Shells
293
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Clause/(Eqn)
294

Clause/(Eqn)
NPD MEMB - Global Buckling Check

Clause/(Eqn)
Global Buckling Check
295
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Clause/(Eqn)
296

Clause/(Eqn)
NPD Member Checks - Non-Tubular Members

NPD MEMB - Material and Structural Coefficients
Clause/(Eqn)
Material and Structural Coefficients
NPD MEMB - Global Buckling

Clause/(Eqn)
Global Buckling
297
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Clause/(Eqn)
298
Global Buckling

Clause/(Eqn)
Global Buckling
NPD MEMB - Torsional Buckling

Clause/(Eqn)
Torsional Buckling
299
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Clause/(Eqn)
Torsional Buckling
NPD MEMB - Lateral Buckling

Clause/(Eqn)
300
Lateral Buckling

Clause/(Eqn)
Lateral Buckling
NPD MEMB - Unity Check Values

Clause/(Eqn)
Unity Check Values
301
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Clause/(Eqn)
Unity Check Values
NPD Joint Checks (NPD JOIN)

NPD JOIN Overview
The JOIN subcommand requests that punching shear joint checks be performed to NPD regulations.
Joint selection and classification is similar to that for the API punching shear check (API PUNC). Joints are
selected with the JOIN command and elements may be excluded from joints with the SECO command. The
STUB command may be used to redefine the member thickness and outside diameter at a joint.
Joints are automatically classed as K, T or Y depending on the joint geometry as follows.
1.
2.
If two or more potential chord members have equal diameters, BEAMST will consider the two with the
all brace members.
3.
4.
loadcase selected.
302

5.

1.
2.
3.
Cross (X) joints must be user specified.
4.
5.
6.
A punching shear unity check report may be requested by including UNCK in the PRIN command. The report
gives details of geometric parameters, acting and critical stresses and unity check values.
of unity check values. The distribution provides information on the number of unity checks
The BEAMST commands applicable to the NPD JOIN command are given in NPD JOIN Commands (p. 303)
below and described in detail in BEAMST Command Reference (p. 5). An example data file is given in Example
NPD ED92 JOIN data file (p. 304).
Command
Description
Usage
NPD JOIN
NPD joint check header command
UNIT
YIEL
Yield stress
MCOF
Partial material coefficient
JOIN
CHOR
SECO
Secondary elements to be ignored in checks
DESI
PROF
STBU
CASE
Note
1
303
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Command
Description
Usage
Note
COMB
CMBV
SELE
RENU
PRIN
TEXT
TITL
END
Usage
Notes
1.
2.

JOB POST
PROJECT MANU
COMPONENT PILE JACA
OPTION GOON
END
NPD ED92 JOIN
*
*
JOINT ALL
NOT JOINTS 1315 1355 5110 5150
*
*
UNIT KN M
*
*
DESIGN TUB 1.0 0.05 ELEM 131
*
*
SELE 10 Extreme Wave + Dead Loads + Topside Loads (Comb a)
COMB 10 0.7 1 1.3 3 1.3 4
304

SELE 11 Extreme Wave + Dead Loads + Topside Loads (Comb b)
COMB 11 1.3 1 1.0 3 1.0 4
*
*
*
*
CHORD 1130 122 123
*
*
*
*
END
STOP
NPD JOIN Unity Check Report

The column headed Messages may contain one of the following:
FAIL - Code check failure.
*** - Unity check value exceeds 1.0
NOCK - No unity check is calculated as < 200
RNGE - The limits of validity of the punching shear formulae have been exceeded
NPD JOIN Nomenclature

NPD JOIN Nomenclature - Dimensional
D - Chord diameter
R - Chord radius
T - Chord thickness
305
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

d - Brace diameter
t - Brace thickness
g - K joint gap
- Ratio between the chord thickness and radius T/R
NPD JOIN Nomenclature - Acting Forces and Stresses

N - Design axial force in brace
Mip - Design in-plane bending moment in brace
Mop - Design out-of-plane bending moment in brace
fac - Design axial stress in chord, tension positive
fby - Design bending stress about y axis in chord
fbz - Design bending stress about z axis in chord
NPD JOIN Nomenclature - Allowable Stresses, Capacities and Unity Checks

Nk - Characteristic axial load capacity
Mipk - characteristic in-plane bending moment capacity
Mopk - characteristic out-of-plane bending moment capacity
UCax - axial unity check
UCip - in-plane bending moment check
UCop - out-of-plane bending moment check
UCcmb - combined axial and bending moment check
NPD JOIN Nomenclature - Parameters

Qf - Factor to account for the nominal longitudinal stress in the chord
Qu, Qg, Q - Shear Modulus
NPD 1992 Joint Checks

NPD JOIN - Nominal Longitudinal Chord Stress
Clause/(Eqn)
Nominal Longitudinal Chord Stress
NPD JOIN - Characteristic Capacities

Clause/(Eqn)
306
Characteristic Capacities

Clause/(Eqn)
307
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Clause/(Eqn)
NPD JOIN - Unity Checks

Clause/(Eqn)
Unity Checks
BEAMST NORSOK Theory

The NORSOK command data block is used to request member allowable, hydraulic collapse and joint
checking to the NORSOK code of practice (Ref. 24).
NORSOK Member Code Check (NORS MEMB)

NORS MEMB Overview
The NORS MEMB header command in BEAMST is used to request member allowable checks to the NORSOK
structural design standard (Ref. 24).
The code checks are only available for tubular members, including beam elements that have been assigned
circular tubular sections in the structural analysis.
The NORSOK code of practice is written in terms of material yield strengths, so YIELd commands are necessary
to specify the material strengths of all members that are to be checked. The units of the yield strength must
be those of the UNIT command (BEAMST Command Reference (p. 5)).
308

Members may be selected for processing by member or group number. Additional commands available for
defining the topological characteristics of the members include the EFFE, and UNBR commands.
Loadcases from the preceding structural analysis may be selected for processing using the CASE command.
New cases may be generated as combinations of the existing cases with the COMB and CMBV commands.
The SECT command may be used to specify the number of intermediate points along a member at which
member forces and moments are to be evaluated, checked and reported. These are in addition to the values
automatically output at the member ends and any changes of cross-section properties. For the code checks
it is necessary to ensure the maximum acting bending moments and stresses are evaluated. Since does not
necessarily occur at any of the selected locations, BEAMST has a SEARch command which causes the moments
and stresses to be evaluated at every L/4 and L/6 (L = beam length) for prismatic and stepped beams respectively. These locations are in addition to those selected: the results at these additional locations are only
presented if they give the maximum moments or stresses on the members.
The output of reports is controlled by the PRIN command, with the appropriate parameters for the required
reports. The PRIN command is also used to request the various available summary reports and to set exceedence values for the unity checks. Two summary reports are available:
Summary report 1 is requested with the PRIN SUM1 sub-command and gives the highest local buckling,
global buckling and yield unity checks for each requested element.
Summary report 3 is requested with the PRIN SUM3 sub-command and gives the highest unity check for
each loadcase for each selected element.
A list of the commands available for the NORSOK member code checks is given in NORSOK MEMB Commands (p. 309) below and described in detail in BEAMST Command Reference (p. 5). An example data file is
given in Example of NORSOK MEMB data file (p. 310).
Command
Description
Usage
Note
NORS MEMB
NORSOK allowable force header command
UNIT
YIEL
Yield stress
MCOF
GROU
ELEM
SECT
SEAR
SECO
Secondary members
1
C
309
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Command
Description
Usage
Note
DESI
PROF
EFFE
CMY/CMZ
UNBR
ULCF

rings, diaphragms, etc.
CASE
Loadcases to be reported
COMB
CMBV
SELE
RENU
PRIN
TEXT
TITL
END
Usage
Notes
1.
2.
3.

TITLE Beamst NORSOK verification test t1835be1.dat
***************************************************************
TEXT
TEXT NORSOK TEST FOR MEMBERS CAPABILITY
TEXT
***************************************************************
JOB OLD POST
STRUCTURE N835
OPTIONS GOON
FILES M835
UNITS STRESS N MM
END
NORS ED98 MEMB
310

PROJECT N835
UNITS N M
TEXT - ELEMENTS AND YIELD STRESSES
ELEM 501 502 503
TEXT - COMBINATIONS
SELE 2 basic loading x 1.0
COMB 2 1.000 1
COMB 3 -0.700 1
COMB 4 1.300 1
TEXT
TEXT - GEOMETRY
TEXT
AUGM 0 2.0000 0.0200 ELEM 501
YIEL 200000000. ELEM 501
AUGM 1 2.5000 2.1000 0.0250 0.0200 ELEM 502
GEOM 0.13960000 0.50000000E-01 0.90500000E-01 0.22550833E-04
: 0.30727053E-01 0.16124172 ELEM 502
YIEL 200000000. ELEM 502 503
TEXT
TEXT - SECTIONS
TEXT
SECT 0.001 0.500 0.999 ELEM 501
SECT 0.001 0.500 0.999 ELEM 502
TEXT
TEXT - PARAMETERS
TEXT
CMY 0.850 ELEM 501
CMZ 0.850 ELEM 501
EFFE 1.000 1.000 ELEM 501
UNBR 30.000 30.000 ELEM 501
CMY 0.850 ELEM 502
CMZ 0.850 ELEM 502
EFFE 1.000 1.000 ELEM 502
UNBR 30.000 30.000 ELEM 502
CMY 0.850 ELEM 503 CMZ 0.850 ELEM 503
EFFE 1.000 1.000 ELEM 503
UNBR 0.000 0.000 ELEM 503
PRINT UNCK SUM1 SUM3
END
STOP
NORSOK MEMB Unity Check Report

printed for each selected position (section) along the element for each loadcase in turn. The first columns
of the report define the loadcase, section number and position as a ratio of the elements length.
The allowable forces and moments for axial, shear and bending (in local Y and Z axes) are presented in the
next columns of the report. These are preceded by an alphanumeric descriptor (CODE) that indicates the
derivation of each of the allowable forces. These descriptors are of the form:
311
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

T.XVYZ or C.XVYZ
T or C defines whether the member is in tension or compression. XVYZ are individual alpha codes that relate
to the axial (X), shear (V) and bending (Y, Z) forces or moments. These alpha codes specify the design code
clause or equation used to evaluate the allowable forces or moments and are defined in NORSOK HYDR
Commands (p. 320).
NORS MEMB Nomenclature

NORS MEMB Nomenclature - Dimensional

t - Thickness
the maximum)
i - Radius of gyration (if subscripted with y or z, this relates to the appropriate local axis, if not it is the
maximum)
A - Cross sectional area
Ip - Polar moment of inertia
W - Elastic section modulus
NORS MEMB Nomenclature - Acting Section Stresses

Ns - Design axial force
Ms - Design bending moment (if subscripted with y or z, this relates to the appropriate local axis, if not
it is the maximum)
Vs - Design shear force
MTs - Design torsional moment
c - Maximum combined design compressive stress
p - Design hoop stress due to hydrostatic pressure
Ts - Shear stress due to design torsional moment
NORS MEMB Nomenclature - Design Strengths and Unity Checks

fy - Yield stress
NEy, NEz - Euler buckling resistance for y and z axes
fcle - Characteristic elastic local buckling strength
312

fcl - Characteristic local buckling strength
fc - Column axial compressive strength
fd - Yield stress divided by material factor
fhe - Elastic hoop buckling strength
fm - Characteristic bending strength
fmRed - Characteristic bending strength divided by material factor
Nt - Design tension strength
Nc - Design compressive strength
MR - Design bending strength
VR - Design beam shear strength
MTR - Design torsion shear strength
Ncl - Design axial local buckling resistance
UCbz - pure bending check about z axis
UCy - Combined axial tension and bending check
UCy1 - Combined axial compressions and bending yield unity check (6.27)
UCy2 - Combined axial compression and bending yield unity check (6.28)
UCsb - Combined shear and bending unity check
UCsbT - Combined shear, bending and torsion unity check
NORS MEMB Nomenclature - Parameters

E - Young's modulus
m - Material factor
- Column slenderness parameter (if subscripted with y or z, this relates to the appropriate local axis,
if not it is the maxiumum)
- Stress parameter as defined by NORSOK equation (6.23)
NORSOK Design Strengths and Unity Checks

Design Tension Strength, Nt
Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
Design Strength
313
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST
Design Compression Strength, Na

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
Characteristic elastic local buckling strength, fcle
Characteristic local buckling strength, fcl
Column slenderness parameter,
Column axial
compressive
strength, fc
314
Design Bending Strength, MR

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
Code
Message
Code
Message
Characteristic bending strength, fm
Design Shear Strengths, VR and MTR

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Beam Shear
Torsional Shear
Material Factor, m
Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
315
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
Code
Message
NORS MEMB - Unity Checks

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Axial
Shear
316

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
Code
Message
Pure Bending
NORS MEMB - Combined Forces

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Axial tension and bending
Axial compression and bending
Design axial local buckling resistance, Ncl

where
Euler buckling buckling strengths, NEy, NEz
317
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
Shear and bending
Shear, bending and torsion
NORSOK Hydrostatic Member Collapse Checks (NORS HYDR)

NORS HYDR Overview
The NORS HYDR is used to request that hydrostatic pressure, allowable stresses, member actions, unity
checks and combined stress hydrostatic collapse unity checks be performed according to the NORSOK design
recommendations (Ref. 24). This check is implemented in BEAMST for tubular elements, or other element
types that have been assigned tubular sections in the structural analysis.
318

be re-defined using the DESI and/or PROF commands to modify the diameter and/or the thickness. Further
commands are available for defining topological characteristics of the members (EFFE, UNBR and ULCF) and
specifying members that are classified as secondary (SECO).
The SECT command may be used to define intermediate points along an element at which member forces
and moments are to be evaluated, checked and reported. These are in addition to the results automatically
printed at member end points and any positions of step-change of cross-section along the member. Alternatively the SEARch command may be used which requests that moments and stresses are to be evaluated
at specified locations along the beam, but only reported if they give a maximum force, stress or utilization.
These locations are in addition to those selected using the SECT command.
The NORSOK code of practice allows hydrostatically induced stresses to be considered in alternate ways. In
Method A the stresses due to end-cap forces are presumed to be excluded from the raw element forces.
Conversely in Method B the stresses due to end-cap forces are presumed to be included.
Both of these methods are implemented in BEAMST. The user should select the appropriate method for the
member force and moment data that are being supplied to BEAMST. If the user had requested rigorous
buoyancy to be included in a previous ASAS-WAVE analysis, by using the option BRIG on the OPTIONS data
line, then Method B is appropriate. This should be selected by either specifying the BRIG option in BEAMST
or by including a BRIG command in the command deck for BEAMST. Conversely, if the user did not specify
BRIG in the preceding ASAS-WAVE analysis then the BRIG option should be omitted from the BEAMST options.
The inclusion of a BRIG OFF command has the same effect. By default the end-cap forces are assumed to
be excluded from the analysis, i.e., BRIG is OFF unless specifically requested. In ASAS-WAVE the BRIG option
calculates the member axial forces due to hydrostatic effects. These are then passed to ASAS through the
generated wave load data.
The calculation of hydrostatic pressure requires a knowledge of the position of each member with respect
to still water level, tide height, wave height and length as well as details of the sea medium. Various commands
are available in BEAMST to define these data. First a reference frame must be specified for the (sea) water
axes and its origin in terms of the jacket reference frame defined (i.e., the global co-ordinate system used
in the preceding ASAS analysis) using a MOVE command. See section 3.4 and Ref. 14 for more details. This
command is optional and if omitted the wave and jacket axes are presumed to coincide. Having defined
the water axes origin, the relative orientations of the water and jacket axes must follow. For example the
jacket axes may be inclined to the water axes if the jacket is being analyzed in a semi-submerged position.
In order to convert pressure heads to hydrostatic pressure the acceleration due to gravity in the vertical
downwards (-Zwater) direction is required. If the components of the acceleration due to gravity are specified
in terms of the jacket axes the water - jacket axes may be specified in one operation.
The GRAVity command in BEAMST is available for this purpose and is compulsory for the NORSOK hydrostatic
collapse check. The jacket and water axes are now fixed spatially and the only remaining information required
for calculating the static head is that of the mean sea water level, sea bed level, water density and tide
height. These data are supplied on the compulsory ELEV command. Finally a WAVE command may be issued
to specify the wave height and period which enables prediction of the wave-induced pressure components.
This command is optional. If it is omitted then still water conditions are assumed. For the calculation of the
hydrostatic head the API recommendations are used to obtain the wave length: this is calculated automatically by BEAMST on the basis of the water depth and wave period using linear wave theory. Details of this
procedure are given in API Allowable Stresses and Unity Checks (p. 158).
(i.e. the axial length of the cylinder between stiffening rings, diaphragms or end connexions is equal to the
element length). The unstiffened length may be defined explicitly using the ULCF command. This command
allows ring-stiffened tubulars to be checked for hydrostatic collapse between the stiffening rings. The NORSOK
319
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

hydrostatic code checks include some of the basic member interaction checks and use is made of the unbraced
length (UNBR) and effective length parameters (EFFE) together with the amplification reduction factors Cmy
and Cmz. It is, therefore, important that these terms are supplied in a form consistent with a NORSOK MEMB
check.
NORSOK Hydrostatic Collapse Member Unity Check Report

forces and stresses, membrane hoop and tension or compression collapse interaction unity checks is available
and may be printed using the PRIN UNCK command. A summary report is available:
Summary report 1 is requested with the PRIN SUM1 command and gives the highest unity check values for
each element.
The BEAMST commands applicable to the NORS HYDR collapse command data are given in NORSOK HYDR
Commands (p. 320) below and are described in detail in BEAMST Command Reference (p. 5). An example
data file is given in Example of NORSOK HYDR data file (p. 321).
Command
Description
Usage
NORS HYDR
NORSOK hydrostatic collapse header command
UNIT
YIEL
Yield stress
MCOF
ELEV
MOVE
WAVE
GRAV

axis system
Note
1
BRIG
Selects rigorous buoyancy method for calculation
GROU
ELEM
SECT
DESI
PROF
ULCF

CASE
COMB
CMBV
SELE
320

Command
Description
RENU
PRIN
TEXT
TITL
END
Usage
Note
Usage
Notes
1.
2.
3.

TEXT
TEXT NORSOK HYDROSTATIC COLLAPSE TEST EXAMPLE
TEXT JOB OLD POST
PROJECT N835
STRUCTURE N835
TEXT
TEXT NOTE PRECEDING ASAS-WAVE ANALYSIS HAD BRIG OPTION
TEXT
OPTIONS GOON NOBL BRIG
FILES Q835
END
NORS ED98 HYDR
TEXT
TEXT WATER POSITION AND WAVE DEFINITION
TEXT
MOVE 0.0 0.0 100.0
GRAV 0.0 0.0 -9.807
ELEV 30.0 0.0 1024.0
WAVE 1.0 10.0
UNITS N M
TEXT
TEXT
ELEM 681 682 683 684
TEXT
TEXT - COMBINATIONS OF LOAD
TEXT
COMB 2 1.000 1
COMB 3 -0.700 1
321
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

COMB 4 1.300 1
TEXT
TEXT - GEOMETRY
TEXT
AUGM 0 1.0000 0.0200 ELEM 681
YIEL 450000000. ELEM 681
AUGM 0 1.0000 0.0200 ELEM 682
YIEL 200000000. ELEM 682
AUGM 0 1.0000 0.0200 ELEM 683
YIEL 200000000. ELEM 683
AUGM 0 1.0000 0.0150 ELEM 684
YIEL 200000000. ELEM 684
TEXT
TEXT - SECTIONS
TEXT
SECT 0.001 0.300 0.500 0.700 0.900 ELEM 681
SECT 0.001 0.500 0.999 ELEM 682
SECT 0.001 0.500 0.999 ELEM 683
SECT 0.001 0.500 0.999 ELEM 684
TEXT
TEXT - PARAMETERS
TEXT
CMY 0.850 ELEM 681
CMZ 0.850 ELEM 681
EFFE 1.000 1.000 ELEM 681
UNBR 23.049 23.049 ELEM 681
CMY 0.850 ELEM 682
CMZ 0.850 ELEM 682
EFFE 1.000 1.000 ELEM 682
UNBR 23.049 23.049 ELEM 682
CMY 0.850 ELEM 683
CMZ 0.850 ELEM 683
EFFE 1.000 1.000 ELEM 683
UNBR 23.049 23.049 ELEM 683
CMY 0.850 ELEM 684
CMZ 0.850 ELEM 684
EFFE 1.000 1.000 ELEM 684
UNBR 0.000 0.000 ELEM 684
PRINT UNCK SUM1 SUNI N MM
END
STOP
322
NORS HYDR Nomenclature

NORS HYDR Nomenclature - Dimensional

t - Thickness
the maximum)
maximum)
NORS HYDR Nomenclature - Acting Section Forces and Stresses

ac - Design axial stress including effect of hydrostatic capped axial stress
a - Design axial stress
q - Capped end axial design compression due to external hydrostatic pressure
my, mz - Design bending stress about local y and z axes
m - Design bending stress
NORS HYDR Nomenclature - Allowable Stresses and Unity Checks

fh - Characteristic hoop buckling strength
fc - Characteristic axial compressive strength
fclR - Design local buckling strength
fchR - Design axial compressive strength in the presence of external hydrostatic pressure
fmh - Design bending resistance in the presence of external hydrostatic pressure
fEy, fEz - Euler buckling strength for y and z axes
fy - Yield stress
UCc1,c2,c3 - Combined axial (tension or compression), bending and hydrostatic pressure checks
323
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST
NORS HYDR Nomenclature - Parameters

E - Youngs modulus
m - Material factor
- Column slenderness parameter
NORSOK Unity Checks

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
(shallow water)
(a) If
then
(b) Else if
and
(deep water)
then

Tw = wave period
NORS HYDR - Design Hydrostatic Pressure

Clause/(Eqn)
324
Commentary
Message

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
NORS HYDR - Limit Checks

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
NORS HYDR - Elastic Hoop Buckling Strength, fhe

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
325
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
NORS HYDR - Characteristic Hoop Buckling Strength, fh

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
NORS HYDR - Hoop Compressive Unity Check, UCh

Clause/(Eqn)
326
Commentary
Message
NORS HYDR - Combined Tension and Hydrostatic Pressure Unity Check

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
Method A (Hydrostatic capped-end axial stress excluded)

Net axial tension condition,
Net axial compression condition,
327
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
Method B (Hydrostatic capped-end axial stress included)

Tension for ac
NORS HYDR - Combined Compression and Hydrostatic Pressure Unity Check

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message

a = compression
328

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
Design axial compressive strength in the presence of external

hydrostatic pressure, fchR
329
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
NORSOK Joint Strength Checks (NORS JOIN)

NORS JOIN Overview
The NORS JOIN command requests that a joint strength check be performed to the NORSOK design recommendations (Ref. 24).
The joints may consist of TUBE elements and/or any other beam types that have been assigned tubular
sections in the structural analysis. Non-tubular elements are ignored.
330

Joints for post-processing are selected using the JOINt command in BEAMST which specifies the node
numbers at the required joint positions. All joints are assumed to be simple. Elements may be excluded
from the check by using the SECOndary command. Yield stresses must be specified for both the chord and
brace elements at the joints to be checked.
Joints are automatically classed as T or Y depending on the joint geometry as follows. Note that K joints
must be specified explicitly.
1.
2.
If two or more potential chord members have equal outside diameters then BEAMST will consider the
two with the largest wall thickness as the chord members and will check, for each loadcase, the most
highly stressed of these against all other brace members.
3.
In the case of more than two potential chord members with equal diameters and wall thicknesses the
first two encountered will be considered as the chord member as shown in the Cross Check Report.
4.
If the CHORd command is used to specify a chord member, this will alone be considered. If two chords
loadcase selected.
5.
with each brace-chord pair being considered.
BEAMST selects simple joint (i.e., brace - chord pairs) types as follows:
1.
Brace members perpendicular to the chord members (i.e., smaller included angle greater than or
equal 80 degrees) as T joints.
2.
Single non-perpendicular braces are classified as Y joints. (The smaller included angle is less than 80
degrees.)
3.
K joints are specified by identifying both braces forming the joint. Note that the NORSOK code assumes
that the axial loads in the braces are balanced for K joint action. Each brace to be checked should be
identified as well as the other brace that carries the balancing load.
4.
Cross joints (X) must be specified by the user.
5.
In the case of user specified K or X joints no search is performed for a second brace member in the
6.
7.
commands is permitted.
section. All other selected joints are automatically by-passed.
The user may override these classifications using the TYPE and CHORd commands. Interpolated joint classification may be defined using the TYPE command. For K joints a gap dimension may be specified in the
TYPE command. A default gap dimension may be specified using the GAPD command.
Two summary reports are available:
Summary report 1 details the loadcase producing the highest unity check for each chord/brace pair at a
joint.
331
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Summary report 3 comprises the highest unity check for each selected loadcase for each chord/brace pair
at a joint.
BEAMST commands applicable to the NORSOK JOIN command are given in NORSOK JOIN Commands (p. 332)
below and are described in detail in BEAMST Command Reference (p. 5). An example data file is given in
Example of NORS JOIN data file (p. 333).
Command
Description
Usage
NORS JOIN
NORSOK joint check header command
UNIT
YIEL
Yield stress
MCOF
JOIN
TYPE
CHOR
Chord elements at a joint and associated parameters
Note
1
SECO
DESI
Defines section properties
PROF
GAPD
Default gap dimension
STUB
CASE
COMB
CMBV
SELE
RENU
PRIN
TEXT
TITL
END
Usage
Notes
1.
2.
332

TEXT***************************************************************
JOB OLD POST
TEXT VALIDATION OF NORSOK JOINT FACILITY FOR BEAMST
PROJECT N836
STRUCTURE N836
FILES J836
OPTIONS GOON
UNITS KN M
END
NORS ED98 JOIN
PRINT ALL
COMB 2 7.0 1
TEXT
TEXT SET DEFAULT YIELD STRESS FOR ALL GROUPS AND ELEMENTS
TEXT
YIEL 345000.0 GROU ALL
JOIN 752
CHOR 752 745 746
YIEL 340000.0 ELEM 745
YIEL 340000.0 ELEM 746
STUB END2 1.2000 0.0300 ELEM 745
STUB END1 1.2000 0.0300 ELEM 746
STUB END2 1.0000 0.0200 ELEM 751
TEXT
TEXT CHECK BOTH ARMS OF THE K JOINTS
TEXT
TYPE 752 K 751 755 0.0000 ALL
STUB END1 1.0000 0.0200 ELEM 755
TYPE 752 K 755 751 0.0000 ALL
STUB END2 1.0000 0.0200 ELEM 585
TYPE 752 X 585 ALL
STUB END2 1.0000 0.0200 ELEM 586
TYPE 752 X 586 ALL
STUB END1 1.0000 0.0200 ELEM 785
TYPE 752 X 785 ALL
STUB END1 1.0000 0.0200 ELEM 786
TYPE 752 X 786 ALL
JOIN 712
CHOR 712 501 601
YIEL 415000.0 ELEM 501
YIEL 415000.0 ELEM 601
STUB END2 2.0000 0.0400 ELEM 501
STUB END1 2.0000 0.0400 ELEM 601
STUB END1 1.2000 0.0300 ELEM 745
TYPE 712 T 745 ALL
JOIN 785
CHOR 785 743 744
YIEL 340000.0 ELEM 743
YIEL 340000.0 ELEM 744
STUB END2 1.2000 0.0300 ELEM 743
333
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

STUB END1 1.2000 0.0300
STUB END2 1.0000 0.0200
TYPE 785 Y 757 ALL
JOIN 956
CHOR 956 962 963
YIEL 345000.0 ELEM 962
YIEL 345000.0 ELEM 963
STUB END2 1.0000 0.0200
STUB END1 1.0000 0.0200
STUB END2 1.0000 0.0200
TYPE 956 X 961 ALL
JOIN 956
CHOR 956 962 963
YIEL 345000.0 ELEM 962
YIEL 345000.0 ELEM 963
STUB END2 1.0000 0.0200
STUB END1 1.0000 0.0200
STUB END1 1.0000 0.0200
TYPE 956 X 964 ALL
END
STOP
ELEM 744
ELEM 757
ELEM 962
ELEM 963
ELEM 961
ELEM 962
ELEM 963
ELEM 964
API Joint Check Report

MEMB - Joint utilisation exceeds brace utilisation assuming that the latter is conservativelytaken as
unity. More detail check is required, which is not currently undertaken by the program.
* Error message
+ Warning message
334
NORS JOIN Nomenclature

NORS JOIN Nomenclature - Dimensional
Lc - Effective chord length (Figure 6-3 of NORSOK)

D - Chord diameter
d - Brace diameter
R - Chord radius
r - Brace radius
T - Chord thickness
Tn - Nominal chord thickness (away from the joint)
t - Brace thickness
g - K joint gap
NORS JOIN Nomenclature - Acting Forces and Stresses

axc - Chord axial stress component
ipc - Chord in-plane bending stress
opc - Chord out-of-plane bending stress
axb - Brace axial stress component
ipb - Brace in-plane bending stress
opb - Brace out-of-plane bending stress
NORS JOIN Nomenclature - Allowable Forces, Moments, Stresses and Unity Checks
NRd - Allowable braceaxial force
MRd - Allowable brace moment
Px - Allowable axial force for load transfer across chords
335
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

UCx - Load transfer across chord unity check
UCco - Combined axial and bending unity check
UCjt - Joint strength unity check
NORS JOIN Nomenclature - Parameters

m - Material factor
NORSOK Design Strengths and Unity Checks

NORS JOIN - Chord Action Factor, Qf
Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
NORS JOIN - Strength Factor Qu

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
For K joints
Gap factor
336

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
Angle correction factor
Qu is obtained from:
337
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST
NORS JOIN - Characteristic Resistances

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
NORS JOIN - Combined Axial and Bending Unity Checks

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
NORS JOIN - Interpolated Joints

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message

type 1, the combined unity check is calculated as:
338
ISO Member Code Check (ISO MEMB)
BEAMST ISO Theory

The ISO command data block is used to request member allowable, hydraulic collapse and joint checking
to the ISO code of practice (Ref. 27).

ISO MEMB Overview
The ISO MEMB header command in BEAMST is used to request member allowable checks to the ISO structural design standard (Ref. 27).
The code checks are only available for tubular members, including beam elements that have been assigned
circular tubular sections in the structural analysis.
The ISO code of practice is written in terms of material yield strengths, so YIELd commands are necessary
to specify the material strengths of all members that are to be checked. The units of the yield strength must
be those of the UNIT command.
Members may be selected for processing by member or group. Additional commands available for defining
the topological characteristics of the members include the EFFE and UNBR commands. Dented tubular
members may be assessed by specifying the DENT command.
Loadcases from the preceding structural analysis may be selected for processing using the CASE command.
New cases may be generated as combinations of existing cases with the CMBV and COMB commands.
The SECT command may be used to specify the number of intermediate points along a member at which
member forces and moments are to be evaluated, checked and reported. These are in addition to the values
automatically output at the member ends and any changes of cross-section properties. For the code checks
it is necessary to ensure the maximum acting bending moments and stresses are evaluated. Since this may
not occur at one of the selected locations, BEAMST has a SEARch command which causes the moments
and stresses to be evaluated at every L/4 and L/6 (L = beam length) for prismatic and stepped beams respectively. These extra locations are in addition to those selected and the results at these locations are only
presented if they give the maximum moments or stresses.
set exceedence values for the unity checks. Two summary reports are available:
Summary report 1 is requested with the PRIN SUM1 sub-command and gives the highest local buckling,
global buckling and yield unity check values for each requested element.
Summary report 3 is requested with the PRIN SUM3 sub-command and gives the highest unity check for
each loadcase for each selected element.
A list of the commands available available for the ISO member code checks is given in ISO MEMB Commands (p. 339) below and described in detail in BEAMST Command Reference (p. 5). An example data file is
given in Example of ISO MEMB data file (p. 341).
Command
Description
Usage
ISO MEMB
ISO allowable stress header command
UNIT
Note
1
339
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Command
Description
Usage
Note
YIEL
Yield stress
MCOF
GROU
ELEM
SECT
SEAR
SECO
Secondary members
DESI
DENT
Defines dented member properties
PROF
EFFE
CMY/CMZ
UNBR
Unbraced length of element
ULCF

CASE
COMB
Define a combined loadcase for reporting
CMBV
SELE
RENU
PRIN
TEXT
TITL
END
Usage
Notes
1.
2.
3.
340

TITLE Beamst verification test for ISO 19902 t2215be1.dat 23/01/2009
TEXT **************************************************************************
TEXT ISO TEST FOR MEMBERS AND HYDROSTATIC CAPABILITY t2215be1.dat
TEXT CREATED 23/01/09
TEXT
TEXT ASSOCIATED FILES
TEXT T2215ASA.DAT ASAS ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE JACKET STRUCTURE
TEXT T2215BE1.DAT BEAMST RUN MEMBER CHECK
TEXT T2215BE2.DAT BEAMST RUN HYDRO CHECK (BRIG)
TEXT T2215BE3.DAT BEAMST RUN HYDRO CHECK (NOT BRIG)
TEXT **************************************************************************
JOB OLD POST
PROJECT T215
STRUCTURE T215
OPTIONS GOON
UNITS STRESS N MM
SAVE FEMU FILES CREATE T2215A FILE T2215A.FVI
END
ISO ED1 MEMB
TEXT
TEXT Following data generated by OASIS execute module 'pre_beamst', Version 4r3
TEXT
UNITS N M
TEXT
TEXT
ELEM 501 502 503 504 581 582 583 584 585 586 587 588
: 681 682 683 684 685 686 687 688 741 743 745 747
: 761 762 763 764
TEXT
TEXT - COMBINATIONS
TEXT SELE 2 basic loading x 1.0
COMB 2 1.000 1
COMB 3 -0.700 1
COMB 4 1.300 1
TEXT TEXT - GEOMETRY
TEXT AUGM 0 2.0000 0.0200 ELEM 501
YIEL 200000000. ELEM 501
AUGM 1 2.5000 2.1000 0.0250 0.0200 ELEM 502
GEOM 0.13960000 0.50000000E-01 0.90500000E-01 0.22550833E-04
: 0.30727053E-01 0.16124172 ELEM 502
YIEL 200000000. ELEM 502
YIEL 200000000. ELEM 504
AUGM 0 1.0000 0.0200 ELEM 581
YIEL 200000000. ELEM 581
AUGM 0 1.0000 0.0600 ELEM 582
YIEL 200000000. ELEM 582
AUGM 3 1.1000 0.9000 0.0150 0.0250 ELEM 583
GEOM 0.80500000E-01 0.55000000E-01 0.27000000E-01 0.17719126E-01
341
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

: 0.12065521E-01 0.13051121E-01 ELEM 583
YIEL 200000000. ELEM 583
YIEL 200000000. ELEM 584
AUGM 0 1.0000 0.0200 ELEM 585
YIEL 200000000. ELEM 585
AUGM 1 3.5000 1.1000 0.0300 0.0250 ELEM 586
GEOM 0.14162500 0.87500000E-01 0.55500000E-01 0.32530208E-04
: 0.48507357E-02 0.25017080 ELEM 586
YIEL 200000000. ELEM 586
AUGM 0 1.0000 0.0200 ELEM 587
YIEL 200000000. ELEM 587
AUGM 1 3.5000 1.1000 0.0300 0.0250 ELEM 588
GEOM 0.14162500 0.87500000E-01 0.55500000E-01 0.32530208E-04
: 0.48507357E-02 0.25017080 ELEM 588
YIEL 200000000. ELEM 588
AUGM 0 1.0000 0.0200 ELEM 681
YIEL 450000000. ELEM 681
AUGM 0 1.0000 0.0200 ELEM 682
YIEL 200000000. ELEM 682
AUGM 0 1.0000 0.0200 ELEM 683
YIEL 200000000. ELEM 683
AUGM 0 1.0000 0.0150 ELEM 685
YIEL 200000000. ELEM 685
YIEL 200000000. ELEM 686
AUGM 0 0.3000 0.0120 STEP 1 ELEM 741
YIEL 200000000. STEP 1 ELEM 741
AUGM 0 0.4000 0.0120 STEP 2 ELEM 741
YIEL 200000000. STEP 2 ELEM 741
AUGM 0 0.5000 0.0120 STEP 3 ELEM 741
YIEL 200000000. STEP 3 ELEM 741
AUGM 0 0.4000 0.0120 STEP 4 ELEM 741
YIEL 200000000. STEP 4 ELEM 741
AUGM 0 0.3000 0.0120 STEP 5 ELEM 741
YIEL 200000000. STEP 5 ELEM 741
YIEL 200000000. ELEM 743
AUGM 0 0.3000 0.0120 STEP 1 ELEM 745
YIEL 200000000. STEP 1 ELEM 745
AUGM 0 0.4000 0.0120 STEP 2 ELEM 745
YIEL 200000000. STEP 2 ELEM 745
AUGM 0 0.5000 0.0120 STEP 3 ELEM 745
YIEL 200000000. STEP 3 ELEM 745
AUGM 0 0.4000 0.0120 STEP 4 ELEM 745
YIEL 200000000. STEP 4 ELEM 745
AUGM 0 0.3000 0.0120 STEP 5 ELEM 745
YIEL 200000000. STEP 5 ELEM 745
YIEL 200000000. ELEM 762
AUGM 3 1.1500 0.8500 0.0180 0.0100 ELEM 763
GEOM 0.52880000E-01 0.23000000E-01 0.30600000E-01 0.11311586E-01
: 0.57727527E-02 0.12107836E-01 ELEM 763
YIEL 200000000. ELEM 763
AUGM 0 1.0000 0.0200 ELEM 764
YIEL 200000000. ELEM 764
342

TEXT
TEXT - SECTIONS
TEXT
SECT 0.001 0.500 0.999 ELEM 501
SECT 0.001 0.500 0.999 ELEM 502
SECT 0.001 0.500 0.999 ELEM 504
SECT 0.001 0.300 0.500 0.700 0.900
SECT 0.001 0.500 0.999 ELEM 582
SECT 0.001 0.500 0.999 ELEM 583
SECT 0.001 0.500 0.999 ELEM 584
SECT 0.001 0.500 0.999 ELEM 585
SECT 0.001 0.500 0.999 ELEM 586
SECT 0.001 0.500 0.999 ELEM 587
SECT 0.001 0.500 0.999 ELEM 588
SECT 0.001 0.300 0.500 0.700 0.900
SECT 0.001 0.500 0.999 ELEM 682
SECT 0.001 0.500 0.999 ELEM 683
SECT 0.001 0.500 0.999 ELEM 685
SECT 0.001 0.500 0.999 ELEM 686
SECT 0.000 0.069 0.264 0.458 0.652
SECT 0.889 ELEM 741
SECT 0.001 0.500 0.999 ELEM 743
SECT 0.029 0.100 0.300 0.500 0.699
SECT 0.943 ELEM 745
SECT 0.001 0.500 0.999 ELEM 762
SECT 0.001 0.500 0.999 ELEM 763
SECT 0.001 0.500 0.999 ELEM 764
TEXT
TEXT - STRESS FACTOR
TEXT
TEXT
TEXT - PARAMETERS
TEXT
CMY 0.850 ELEM 501
CMZ 0.850 ELEM 501
EFFE 1.000 1.000 ELEM 501
UNBR 30.000 30.000 ELEM 501
CMY 0.850 ELEM 502
CMZ 0.850 ELEM 502
EFFE 1.000 1.000 ELEM 502
UNBR 30.000 30.000 ELEM 502
CMY 0.850 ELEM 503
CMZ 0.850 ELEM 503
EFFE 1.000 1.000 ELEM 503
UNBR 0.000 0.000 ELEM 503
CMY 0.850 ELEM 504
CMZ 0.850 ELEM 504
EFFE 1.000 1.000 ELEM 504
UNBR 30.000 30.000 ELEM 504
CMY 0.850 ELEM 581
CMZ 0.850 ELEM 581
EFFE 1.000 1.000 ELEM 581
ELEM 581
ELEM 681
0.847 ELEM 741
0.900 ELEM 745
343
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

UNBR 23.049 23.049 ELEM 581
CMY 0.850 ELEM 582
CMZ 0.850 ELEM 582
EFFE 1.000 1.000 ELEM 582
UNBR 23.049 23.049 ELEM 582
CMY 0.850 ELEM 583
CMZ 0.850 ELEM 583
EFFE 1.000 1.000 ELEM 583
UNBR 23.049 23.049 ELEM 583
CMY 0.850 ELEM 584
CMZ 0.850 ELEM 584
EFFE 1.000 1.000 ELEM 584
UNBR 23.049 23.049 ELEM 584
CMY 0.850 ELEM 585
CMZ 0.850 ELEM 585
EFFE 1.000 1.000 ELEM 585
UNBR 23.049 23.049 ELEM 585
CMY 0.850 ELEM 586
CMZ 0.850 ELEM 586
EFFE 1.000 1.000 ELEM 586
UNBR 23.049 23.049 ELEM 586
CMY 0.850 ELEM 587
CMZ 0.850 ELEM 587
EFFE 1.000 1.000 ELEM 587
UNBR 23.049 23.049 ELEM 587
CMY 0.850 ELEM 588
CMZ 0.850 ELEM 588
EFFE 1.000 1.000 ELEM 588
UNBR 23.049 23.049 ELEM 588
CMY 0.850 ELEM 681
CMZ 0.850 ELEM 681
EFFE 1.000 1.000 ELEM 681
UNBR 23.049 23.049 ELEM 681
CMY 0.850 ELEM 682
CMZ 0.850 ELEM 682
EFFE 1.000 1.000 ELEM 682
UNBR 23.049 23.049 ELEM 682
CMY 0.850 ELEM 683
CMZ 0.850 ELEM 683
EFFE 1.000 1.000 ELEM 683
UNBR 23.049 23.049 ELEM 683
CMY 0.850 ELEM 684
CMZ 0.850 ELEM 684
EFFE 1.000 1.000 ELEM 684
UNBR 0.000 0.000 ELEM 684
CMY 0.850 ELEM 685
CMZ 0.850 ELEM 685
EFFE 1.000 1.000 ELEM 685
UNBR 23.049 23.049 ELEM 685
CMY 0.850 ELEM 686
CMZ 0.850 ELEM 686
EFFE 1.000 1.000 ELEM 686
344

UNBR 23.049 23.049 ELEM 686
CMY 0.850 ELEM 687
CMZ 0.850 ELEM 687
EFFE 1.000 1.000 ELEM 687
UNBR 0.000 0.000 ELEM 687
CMY 0.850 ELEM 688
CMZ 0.850 ELEM 688
EFFE 1.000 1.000 ELEM 688
UNBR 0.000 0.000 ELEM 688
CMY 0.850 ELEM 741
CMZ 0.850 ELEM 741
EFFE 1.000 1.000 ELEM 741
UNBR 32.000 32.000 ELEM 741
CMY 0.850 ELEM 743
CMZ 0.850 ELEM 743
EFFE 1.000 1.000 ELEM 743
UNBR 35.000 35.000 ELEM 743
CMY 0.850 ELEM 745
CMZ 0.850 ELEM 745
EFFE 1.000 1.000 ELEM 745
UNBR 35.000 35.000 ELEM 745
CMY 0.850 ELEM 747
CMZ 0.850 ELEM 747
EFFE 1.000 1.000 ELEM 747
UNBR 0.000 0.000 ELEM 747
CMY 0.850 ELEM 761
CMZ 0.850 ELEM 761
EFFE 1.000 1.000 ELEM 761
UNBR 0.000 0.000 ELEM 761
CMY 0.850 ELEM 762
CMZ 0.850 ELEM 762
EFFE 1.000 1.000 ELEM 762
UNBR 24.749 24.749 ELEM 762
CMY 0.850 ELEM 763
CMZ 0.850 ELEM 763
EFFE 1.000 1.000 ELEM 763
UNBR 24.749 24.749 ELEM 763
CMY 0.850 ELEM 764
CMZ 0.850 ELEM 764
EFFE 1.000 1.000 ELEM 764
UNBR 24.749 24.749 ELEM 764
END
STOP
ISO Allowable Unity Check Report

columns of the report define the loadcase, section number and position as a ratio of the elements length
345
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

together with the section diameter and thickness, slenderness ratios and the column slenderness parameter
().
The next two columns present the acting axial, shear and bending stresses pertaining to the given loadcase.
columns of the report together with the Euler buckling strengths (Fey and Fez), the reduced yield stress for
local and column buckling interaction and the inelastic buckling strength. These are preceded by an alphanumeric descriptor (CODE) that indicates the derivation of each of the main allowable stresses. These
descriptors are of the form:
T.XVYZ or C.XVYZ
code clause or equation used to evaluate the allowable stresses and are defined in ISO MEMB Allowable Stress
alphabetic codes (p. 346).
Stress
Code
Clause
Description
axial tension
(13.2-5)
(13.2-6)
(13.2-17)
(13.2-13)
axial/compression axial/compression shear yield
bending Z
(13.2-14)
bending -
(13.2-15)
bending -

C.CYCC
Axial - C = (13.2-5) axial compression Shear - Y = (13.2-17) shear yield
Bending - C = (13.2-13) bending The last two characters are always the same for tubular members.
The final columns of the table, headed Messages, flag all lines of results where any of the checks have failed.
346
FAIL - Member has a utilisation exceeding unity or fails parameter limits (flagged with THKF, DTRF, YIEL,
DENF or SHYF)
THKF - Wall thickness less than 6mm
DTRF - Allowed diameter thickness ratio exceeded
YIEL - Yield stress greater than 500MPa
DENF - Dent depth exceeds limits
ISO MEMB Nomenclature

ISO MEMB Nomenclature - Dimensional

t - Thickness
the maximum)
maximum)
A - Cross sectional area
I - Bending inertia
Ip - Polar moment of inertia
W - Elastic section modulus
h - Dent depth
Quantities last subscripted with d are related to damaged members.
ISO MEMB Nomenclature - Acting Section Stresses

fa - Axial stress
347
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

fvt - Torsional shear stress
ISO MEMB Nomenclature - Design Strengths and Unity Checks

fy - Yield stress
Fey, Fez - Euler buckling resistance for y and z axes (minimum if no y or z subscript)
fc - Column axial compressive strength
Ft - Design tension strength
Fc - Design compressive strength
Fb - Design bending strength
Fc - Design beam shear strength
Fv - Design torsion shear strength
Fcl - Design axial local buckling resistance
UCy1 - Combined axial tension and bending check (for tension)
UCy1 - Combined axial compressions and bending yield unity check 1 (for compression)
UCy2 - Combined axial compression and bending yield unity check 2
ISO MEMB Nomenclature - Parameters

E - Young's modulus
- Column slenderness parameter (if subscripted with y or z, this relates to the appropriate local axis,
if not it is the maxiumum)
t - Partial resistance factor for axial tensile strength
c - Partial resistance factor for axial compressive strength
v - Partial resistance factor for shear strength
b - Partial resistance factor for bending strength
ISO Design Strengths and Unity Checks

Design Tension Strength, Ft
Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
Design Strength
348

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
Code
Message
(13.2-1)
Where t = 1.05
Design Compression Strength, Fc

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
13.1
If
.............................................
If t < 6mm .............................................

DTRF
THKF
(13.2-10)
If
then
(13.2-8)
SHEL
(13.2-9)
else
(13.2-7)
Column axial compressive strength, fc
349
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
Code
Message
If
(13.2-5)
then
(13.2-6)
else
(13.2-3)
Where c = 1.18
Design Bending Strength, Fb

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
If
(13.2-13)
then
If
then
(13.2-14)
If
then
(13.2-15)
(13.2-11)
350
Where b = 1.05
Design Shear Strengths, Fv and Fve

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
Code
Message
Beam Shear
(13.2-16)
v = 1.05
Torsional Shear
(13.2-18)
ISO MEMB - Unity Checks

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Axial
(13.2-4)
fa compressive
(13.2-2)
fa tensile
Shear
(13.2-17)
If UCvmax > 1.0 .............................................

SHYF
(13.2-19)
Pure Bending
351
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
Code
Message
(13.2-12)
ISO MEMB - Combined Forces

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Axial tension and bending

(13.3-1)
UCy2 = 0.0
Axial compression and bending
(13.3-7)
(13.3-8)
Design axial local buckling resistance, Fcl
UCy2 = 0.0
Euler buckling strengths, Fey, Fez
352

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
(13.3-9)
(13.3-6)
ISO Design Strengths and Unity Checks for Dented Members

Dent Parameters
Clause/(Eqn)
(13.7-1)
Commentary
If
If
Code
.............................................
Message
DENF
.............................................
DENF
Effective cross-sectional area, Ad
Effective moment of area, Id
Radius of gyration of dented member, id
Design Tension Strength, Ftd, for Dented Members

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
Design Strength
353
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
Code
Message
(13.7-1)
Where td = 1.05
Design Compression Strength, Fcd, for Dented Members

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
13.1
If
.............................................
If t < 6mm .............................................

DTRF
THKF
(13.2-10)
If
(13.2-8)
then
(13.2-9)
else
SHEL
(13.7-10)
Column axial compressive strength, fcdo
354

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
Code
Message
If
(13.7-7)
then
else
(13.7-8)
If
(13.7-5)
fcd = fcdo
(13.7-6)
else
Euler buckling strength of dented member, fed
(13.7-3)
Where cd = 1.18
Design Bending Strength, Fbd, for Dented Members

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
355
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
Code
Message
If
(13.2-13)
then
If
(13.2-14)
then
If
then
(13.2-15)
For +ve bending (I.e stress at dent is tensile)
(13.7-16)
Where b = 1.05
For -ve bending (I.e stress at dent is compressive)
For neutral bending

(13.7-18)
(13.7-20)
Design Shear Strengths, Fvd and Fved, for Dented Members

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Beam Shear
356

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
Code
Message
(13.2-16)
vd = 1.05
Torsional Shear
(13.2-18)
ISO MEMB - Unity Checks for Dented Members

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Axial
fa compressive
(13.7-2)
fa tensile
(13.7-4)
Shear
(13.7-17)
(13.7-22)
(13.7-23)
If UCvmax > 1.0 .............................................
SHYF
(13.7-19)
Pure Bending
357
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
Code
Message
Assuming dent on Y-axis

(13.7-17)
(13.7-19)
(13.7-21)
(13.7-27)
ISO MEMB - Combined Forces for Dented Members

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Assuming dent on Y-axis Axial tension, +ve bending and

neutral bending
(13.7-25)
UCy2 = 0.0
Axial tension, -ve bending and neutral bending
(13.7-26)
UCy2 = 0.0
(13.7-27)
Axial compression, +ve bending and neutral bending
358
ISO Hydrostatic Member Collapse Checks (ISO HYDR)

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
(13.7-32)
(13.7-33)
Design axial local buckling resistance of the dented
member, Fcld
Euler buckling strengths of undamaged member, Fey, Fez
(13.3-5)
(13.3-6)
Fe = min (Fey,Fez)
Axial compression, +ve bending and neutral bending
(13.7-34)
(13.7-35)

ISO HYDR Overview
The ISO HYDR header command is used to request that hydrostatic pressure, allowable stresses, member
actions, unity checks and combined stress hydrostatic collapse unity checks be performed according to the
ISO design recommendations (Ref. 27). This check is implemented in BEAMST for tubular elements, or other
element types that have been assigned tubular sections in the structural analysis.
359
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

be re-defined using the DESI commands to modify the diameter and/or the thickness. Further commands
are available for defining topological characteristics of the members (EFFE, UNBR and ULCF) and specifying
members that are classified as secondary (SECO).
The SECT command may be used to define intermediate points along an element at which member forces
and moments are to be evaluated, checked and reported. These are in addition to the results automatically
printed at member end points and any positions of step-change of cross-section along the member. Alternatively the SEARch command may be used which requests that moments and stresses are to be evaluated
at specified locations along the beam, but only reported if they give a maximum force, stress or utilization.
These locations are in addition to those selected using the SECT command.
The ISO code of practice allows hydrostatically induced stresses to be considered in alternate ways. In
Method A the stresses due to end-cap forces are presumed to be excluded from the raw element forces.
Conversely in Method B the stresses due to end-cap forces are presumed to be included.
Both of these methods are implemented in BEAMST. The user should select the appropriate method for the
member force and moment data that are being supplied to BEAMST. If the user had requested rigorous
buoyancy to be included in a previous ASAS-WAVE analysis, by using the option BRIG on the OPTIONS data
line, then Method B is appropriate. This should be selected by either specifying the BRIG option in BEAMST
or by including a BRIG command in the command deck for BEAMST. Conversely, if the user did not specify
BRIG in the preceding ASAS-WAVE analysis then the BRIG option should be omitted from the BEAMST options.
The inclusion of a BRIG OFF command has the same effect. By default the end-cap forces are assumed to
be excluded from the analysis, i.e., BRIG is OFF unless specifically requested. In ASAS-WAVE the BRIG option
calculates the member axial forces due to hydrostatic effects. These are then passed to ASAS through the
generated wave load data.
The calculation of hydrostatic pressure requires a knowledge of the position of each member with respect
to still water level, tide height, wave height and length as well as details of the sea medium. Various commands
are available in BEAMST to define these data. First a reference frame must be specified for the (sea) water
axes and its origin in terms of the jacket reference frame defined (i.e., the global co-ordinate system used
in the preceding ASAS analysis) using a MOVE command. See BEAMST Command Reference (p. 5) and Ref.
14 for more details. This command is optional and if omitted the wave and jacket axes are presumed to
coincide. Having defined the water axes origin, the relative orientations of the water and jacket axes must
follow. For example the jacket axes may be inclined to the water axes if the jacket is being analyzed in a
semi-submerged position. In order to convert pressure heads to hydrostatic pressure the acceleration due
to gravity in the vertical downwards (-Zwater) direction is required. If the components of the acceleration
due to gravity are specified in terms of the jacket axes the water - jacket axes may be specified in one operation.
The GRAVity command in BEAMST is available for this purpose and is compulsory for the ISO hydrostatic
collapse check. The jacket and water axes are now fixed spatially and the only remaining information required
for calculating the static head is that of the mean sea water level, sea bed level, water density and tide
height. These data are supplied on the compulsory ELEV command. Finally a WAVE command may be issued
to specify the wave height and period which enables prediction of the wave-induced pressure components.
This command is optional. If it is omitted then still water conditions are assumed. For the calculation of the
hydrostatic head the API recommendations are used to obtain the wave length: this is calculated automatically by BEAMST on the basis of the water depth and wave period using linear wave theory. Details of this
procedure are given in API Allowable Stresses and Unity Checks (p. 158).
(i.e. the axial length of the cylinder between stiffening rings, diaphragms or end connexions is equal to the
element length). The unstiffened length may be defined explicitly using the ULCF command. This command
360

allows ring-stiffened tubulars to be checked for hydrostatic collapse between the stiffening rings. The ISO
hydrostatic code checks include some of the basic member interaction checks and use is made of the unbraced
length (UNBR) and effective length parameters (EFFE) together with the amplification reduction factors Cmy
and Cmz. It is, therefore, important that these terms are supplied in a form consistent with an ISO MEMB
check.
forces and stresses, membrane hoop and tension or compression collapse interaction unity checks is available
and may be printed using the PRIN UNCK command.
Summary report number 1 is requested using the PRIN SUM1 command and gives the highest unity check
The BEAMST commands applicable to the ISO HYDR collapse command data are given in ISO HYDR Commands (p. 361) below and are described in detail in BEAMST Command Reference (p. 5). An example data
file is given in Example ISO HYDR data file (p. 362).
Command
Description
Usage
ISO HYDR
ISO hydrostatic collapse header command
UNIT
YIEL
Yield stress
MCOF
ELEV
MOVE
WAVE
GRAV

axis system
Note
1
BRIG
Selects rigorous buoyancy method for calculation
GROU
ELEM
SECT
DESI
PROF
ULCF

CASE
Loadcases to be reported
COMB
CMBV
361
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Command
Description
HYDR
Load factors for design hydrostatic load
SELE
RENU
PRIN
TEXT
TITL
END
Usage
Note
Usage
Notes
1.
2.
3.

TEXT **************************************************************************
TEXT ISO TEST FOR MEMBERS AND HYDROSTATIC CAPABILITY t2215be2.dat
TEXT
TEXT T2215ASA.DAT ASAS ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE JACKET STRUCTURE
TEXT T2215BE1.DAT BEAMST RUN MEMBER CHECK
TEXT T2215BE2.DAT BEAMST RUN HYDRO CHECK (BRIG)
TEXT T2215BE3.DAT BEAMST RUN HYDRO CHECK (NOT BRIG)
TEXT **************************************************************************
JOB OLD POST
PROJECT T215
STRUCTURE T215
OPTIONS GOON NOBL BRIG
SAVE FEMU FILES CREATE T2215B FILE T2215B.FVI
END
ISO ED1 HYDR
MOVE 0.0 0.0 100.0
GRAV 0.0 0.0 -9.807
ELEV 30.0 0.0 1024.0
WAVE 1.0 10.0
hydr 1.1 case 4
TEXT
TEXT Following data generated by OASIS execute module 'pre_beamst', Version 4r3
TEXT
UNITS N M
TEXT
362

TEXT
ELEM 501 502 503 504 581 582 583 584 585 586 587 588
: 681 682 683 684 685 686 687 688 741 743 745 747
: 761 762 763 764
TEXT
TEXT - COMBINATIONS
TEXT
COMB 2 1.000 1
COMB 3 -0.700 1
COMB 4 1.300 1
TEXT
TEXT - GEOMETRY
TEXT
AUGM 0 2.0000 0.0200 ELEM 501
YIEL 200000000. ELEM 501
AUGM 1 2.5000 2.1000 0.0250 0.0200 ELEM 502
GEOM 0.13960000 0.50000000E-01 0.90500000E-01 0.22550833E-04
: 0.30727053E-01 0.16124172 ELEM 502
YIEL 200000000. ELEM 502
YIEL 200000000. ELEM 504
AUGM 0 1.0000 0.0200 ELEM 581
YIEL 200000000. ELEM 581
AUGM 0 1.0000 0.0600 ELEM 582
YIEL 200000000. ELEM 582
AUGM 3 1.1000 0.9000 0.0150 0.0250 ELEM 583
GEOM 0.80500000E-01 0.55000000E-01 0.27000000E-01 0.17719126E-01
: 0.12065521E-01 0.13051121E-01 ELEM 583
YIEL 200000000. ELEM 583
YIEL 200000000. ELEM 584
AUGM 0 1.0000 0.0200 ELEM 585
YIEL 200000000. ELEM 585
AUGM 1 3.5000 1.1000 0.0300 0.0250 ELEM 586
GEOM 0.14162500 0.87500000E-01 0.55500000E-01 0.32530208E-04
: 0.48507357E-02 0.25017080 ELEM 586
YIEL 200000000. ELEM 586
AUGM 0 1.0000 0.0200 ELEM 587
YIEL 200000000. ELEM 587
AUGM 1 3.5000 1.1000 0.0300 0.0250 ELEM 588
GEOM 0.14162500 0.87500000E-01 0.55500000E-01 0.32530208E-04
: 0.48507357E-02 0.25017080 ELEM 588
YIEL 200000000. ELEM 588
AUGM 0 1.0000 0.0200 ELEM 681
YIEL 450000000. ELEM 681
AUGM 0 1.0000 0.0200 ELEM 682
YIEL 200000000. ELEM 682
AUGM 0 1.0000 0.0200 ELEM 683
YIEL 200000000. ELEM 683
AUGM 0 1.0000 0.0150 ELEM 685
363
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

YIEL 200000000. ELEM 685
YIEL 200000000. ELEM 686
AUGM 0 0.3000 0.0120 STEP 1 ELEM 741
YIEL 200000000. STEP 1 ELEM 741
AUGM 0 0.4000 0.0120 STEP 2 ELEM 741
YIEL 200000000. STEP 2 ELEM 741
AUGM 0 0.5000 0.0120 STEP 3 ELEM 741
YIEL 200000000. STEP 3 ELEM 741
AUGM 0 0.4000 0.0120 STEP 4 ELEM 741
YIEL 200000000. STEP 4 ELEM 741
AUGM 0 0.3000 0.0120 STEP 5 ELEM 741
YIEL 200000000. STEP 5 ELEM 741
YIEL 200000000. ELEM 743
AUGM 0 0.3000 0.0120 STEP 1 ELEM 745
YIEL 200000000. STEP 1 ELEM 745
AUGM 0 0.4000 0.0120 STEP 2 ELEM 745
YIEL 200000000. STEP 2 ELEM 745
AUGM 0 0.5000 0.0120 STEP 3 ELEM 745
YIEL 200000000. STEP 3 ELEM 745
AUGM 0 0.4000 0.0120 STEP 4 ELEM 745
YIEL 200000000. STEP 4 ELEM 745
AUGM 0 0.3000 0.0120 STEP 5 ELEM 745
YIEL 200000000. STEP 5 ELEM 745
YIEL 200000000. ELEM 762
AUGM 3 1.1500 0.8500 0.0180 0.0100 ELEM 763
GEOM 0.52880000E-01 0.23000000E-01 0.30600000E-01 0.11311586E-01
: 0.57727527E-02 0.12107836E-01 ELEM 763
YIEL 200000000. ELEM 763
AUGM 0 1.0000 0.0200 ELEM 764
YIEL 200000000. ELEM 764
TEXT
TEXT - SECTIONS
TEXT
SECT 0.001 0.500 0.999 ELEM 501
SECT 0.001 0.500 0.999 ELEM 502
SECT 0.001 0.500 0.999 ELEM 504
SECT 0.001 0.300 0.500 0.700 0.900 ELEM 581
SECT 0.001 0.500 0.999 ELEM 582
SECT 0.001 0.500 0.999 ELEM 583
SECT 0.001 0.500 0.999 ELEM 584
SECT 0.001 0.500 0.999 ELEM 585
SECT 0.001 0.500 0.999 ELEM 586
SECT 0.001 0.500 0.999 ELEM 587
SECT 0.001 0.500 0.999 ELEM 588
SECT 0.001 0.300 0.500 0.700 0.900 ELEM 681
SECT 0.001 0.500 0.999 ELEM 682
SECT 0.001 0.500 0.999 ELEM 683
SECT 0.001 0.500 0.999 ELEM 685
SECT 0.001 0.500 0.999 ELEM 686
SECT 0.000 0.069 0.264 0.458 0.652 0.847 ELEM 741
SECT 0.889 ELEM 741
SECT 0.001 0.500 0.999 ELEM 743
364

SECT 0.029 0.100 0.300 0.500 0.699 0.900 ELEM 745
SECT 0.943 ELEM 745
SECT 0.001 0.500 0.999 ELEM 762
SECT 0.001 0.500 0.999 ELEM 763
SECT 0.001 0.500 0.999 ELEM 764
TEXT
TEXT - STRESS FACTOR
TEXT
TEXT
TEXT - PARAMETERS
TEXT
CMY 0.850 ELEM 501
CMZ 0.850 ELEM 501
EFFE 1.000 1.000 ELEM 501
UNBR 30.000 30.000 ELEM 501
CMY 0.850 ELEM 502
CMZ 0.850 ELEM 502
EFFE 1.000 1.000 ELEM 502
UNBR 30.000 30.000 ELEM 502
CMY 0.850 ELEM 503
CMZ 0.850 ELEM 503
EFFE 1.000 1.000 ELEM 503
UNBR 0.000 0.000 ELEM 503
CMY 0.850 ELEM 504
CMZ 0.850 ELEM 504
EFFE 1.000 1.000 ELEM 504
UNBR 30.000 30.000 ELEM 504
CMY 0.850 ELEM 581
CMZ 0.850 ELEM 581
EFFE 1.000 1.000 ELEM 581
UNBR 23.049 23.049 ELEM 581
CMY 0.850 ELEM 582
CMZ 0.850 ELEM 582
EFFE 1.000 1.000 ELEM 582
UNBR 23.049 23.049 ELEM 582
CMY 0.850 ELEM 583
CMZ 0.850 ELEM 583
EFFE 1.000 1.000 ELEM 583
UNBR 23.049 23.049 ELEM 583
CMY 0.850 ELEM 584
CMZ 0.850 ELEM 584
EFFE 1.000 1.000 ELEM 584
UNBR 23.049 23.049 ELEM 584
CMY 0.850 ELEM 585
CMZ 0.850 ELEM 585
EFFE 1.000 1.000 ELEM 585
UNBR 23.049 23.049 ELEM 585
CMY 0.850 ELEM 586
CMZ 0.850 ELEM 586
EFFE 1.000 1.000 ELEM 586
UNBR 23.049 23.049 ELEM 586
CMY 0.850 ELEM 587
365
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

CMZ 0.850 ELEM 587
EFFE 1.000 1.000 ELEM 587
UNBR 23.049 23.049 ELEM 587
CMY 0.850 ELEM 588
CMZ 0.850 ELEM 588
EFFE 1.000 1.000 ELEM 588
UNBR 23.049 23.049 ELEM 588
CMY 0.850 ELEM 681
CMZ 0.850 ELEM 681
EFFE 1.000 1.000 ELEM 681
UNBR 23.049 23.049 ELEM 681
CMY 0.850 ELEM 682
CMZ 0.850 ELEM 682
EFFE 1.000 1.000 ELEM 682
UNBR 23.049 23.049 ELEM 682
CMY 0.850 ELEM 683
CMZ 0.850 ELEM 683
EFFE 1.000 1.000 ELEM 683
UNBR 23.049 23.049 ELEM 683
CMY 0.850 ELEM 684
CMZ 0.850 ELEM 684
EFFE 1.000 1.000 ELEM 684
UNBR 0.000 0.000 ELEM 684
CMY 0.850 ELEM 685
CMZ 0.850 ELEM 685
EFFE 1.000 1.000 ELEM 685
UNBR 23.049 23.049 ELEM 685
CMY 0.850 ELEM 686
CMZ 0.850 ELEM 686
EFFE 1.000 1.000 ELEM 686
UNBR 23.049 23.049 ELEM 686
CMY 0.850 ELEM 687
CMZ 0.850 ELEM 687
EFFE 1.000 1.000 ELEM 687
UNBR 0.000 0.000 ELEM 687
CMY 0.850 ELEM 688
CMZ 0.850 ELEM 688
EFFE 1.000 1.000 ELEM 688
UNBR 0.000 0.000 ELEM 688
CMY 0.850 ELEM 741
CMZ 0.850 ELEM 741
EFFE 1.000 1.000 ELEM 741
UNBR 32.000 32.000 ELEM 741
CMY 0.850 ELEM 743
CMZ 0.850 ELEM 743
EFFE 1.000 1.000 ELEM 743
UNBR 35.000 35.000 ELEM 743
CMY 0.850 ELEM 745
CMZ 0.850 ELEM 745
EFFE 1.000 1.000 ELEM 745
UNBR 35.000 35.000 ELEM 745
CMY 0.850 ELEM 747
366

CMZ 0.850 ELEM 747
EFFE 1.000 1.000 ELEM 747
UNBR 0.000 0.000 ELEM 747
CMY 0.850 ELEM 761
CMZ 0.850 ELEM 761
EFFE 1.000 1.000 ELEM 761
UNBR 0.000 0.000 ELEM 761
CMY 0.850 ELEM 762
CMZ 0.850 ELEM 762
EFFE 1.000 1.000 ELEM 762
UNBR 24.749 24.749 ELEM 762
CMY 0.850 ELEM 763
CMZ 0.850 ELEM 763
EFFE 1.000 1.000 ELEM 763
UNBR 24.749 24.749 ELEM 763
CMY 0.850 ELEM 764
CMZ 0.850 ELEM 764
EFFE 1.000 1.000 ELEM 764
UNBR 24.749 24.749 ELEM 764
PRINT UNCK SUM1 SUNI N MM
END
STOP
ISO Hydrostatic Unity Check Reports

A detailed Unity Check Reportmay be requested using the PRIN UNCK command. This prints out information
such as beam section hydrostatic depth, member acting and allowable forces and stresses, membrane hoop
and tension or compression collapse interaction unit checks. The final column of each report is reserved for
messages. These may be summarised as follows:
FAIL - Code check failure for this member - Unity check 1.0 or THKF, YIEL, DTRF
YIEL - Yield strength greater than 500MPa
MGTR - Geometry parameter, used in the elastic hoop buckling stress, , greater than 1.6 D/t
NOCK - Section is out of the water and is thus not checked for hydrostatic conditions
367
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST
ISO HYDR Nomenclature

ISO HYDR Nomenclature - Dimensional

t - Thickness
the maximum)
maximum)
ISO HYDR Nomenclature - Acting Section Forces and Stresses

ac - Design axial stress including effect of hydrostatic capped axial stress
a - Design axial stress
q - Capped end axial design compression due to external hydrostatic pressure
my, mz - Design bending stress about local y and z axes
m - Design bending stress
ISO HYDR Nomenclature - Allowable Stresses and Unity Checks

fh - Characteristic hoop buckling strength
fc - Characteristic axial compressive strength
fclR - Design local buckling strength
fchR - Design axial compressive strength in the presence of external hydrostatic pressure
fmh - Design bending resistance in the presence of external hydrostatic pressure
fEy, fEz - Euler buckling strength for y and z axes
fy - Yield stress
UCc1,c2,c3 - Combined axial (tension or compression), bending and hydrostatic pressure checks
368
ISO HYDR Nomenclature - Parameters

E - Youngs modulus
m - Material factor
- Column slenderness parameter
ISO Unity Checks

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
(shallow water)
(a) If
then
(b) Else if
and
(deep water)
then

Tw = wave period
369
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST
ISO HYDR - Design Hydrostatic Pressure

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
The design head is given by

(13.2-21)
where
Hw = wave height
z = depth below static water surface
The design head induced hoop stress is given by
(13.2-22)
(13.2-20)
where
ISO HYDR - Limit Checks

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
(13.1)
DTRF
If t < 6mm
370
Message
THKF
ISO HYDR - Elastic Hoop Buckling Strength, fhe

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
If
then
If
then
If
then
If
then
(13.2-26)
371
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST
ISO HYDR - Characteristic Hoop Buckling Strength, fh

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
(13.2-25)
If
(13.2-24)
(13.2-23)
Message
then
else
ISO HYDR - Hoop Compressive Unity Check, UCh

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
(13.2-31)
where h = 1.25
ISO HYDR - Combined Tension and Hydrostatic Pressure Unity Check

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message

Net axial tension condition,
(13.4.12)
where
Design tensile resistance in presence of external hydrostatic
pressure
372

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
(13.4.8)
where t = 1.05
Design bending resistance in presence of external hydrostatic
pressure
(13.2-9)
where fm is computed according to equations (13.2-13) to
(13.2-15). See ISO member checks for details.
b = 1.05
(13.2-10)
(13.2-11)
373
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
(13.2-19)
where
fcl is computed according to equations (13.2-8) to (13.2-9).
See ISO member checks for details.
fcle is computed according to equations (13.2-10). See ISO
member checks for details.
c = 1.18
If
(13.2-21)
then

Tension for ac
(13.4-12)
ISO HYDR - Combined Compression and Hydrostatic Pressure Unity Check

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message

a = compression
374

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
(13.2-20)
(13.2-19)
where
Design axial compressive strength in the presence of external

hydrostatic pressure, fchR
(13.2-15)
then
(13.2-16)
else
375
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
If also
then
(13.2-21)
376

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
If
(13.2-20)
(13.2-19)
If also
then
(13.2-21)
(13.2-19)
If
then
(13.2-21)
377
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST
ISO Joint Strength Check (ISO JOIN)

ISO JOIN Overview
The ISO JOIN command requests that a joint check be performed to the ISO code of practice (Ref. 27).
Joints for the ISO check post-processing are selected using the JOINt command in BEAMST which specifies
Joints are automatically classed as a combination of K, T or Y depending on the loading applied. A maximum
of 5 types per brace member is permitted; results are produced for each brace forming the joint.
1.
2.
all brace members.
3.
4.
If the CHOR command is used to specify a chord member, this alone will be considered. If two chords
loadcase selected.
5.
A joint is formed of a maximum of 3 nodes connected by valid chord members. These nodes must form a
straight line and must be within a distance of D/4. This process is performed automatically, however, if required
can be specified manually using the CHOR command.
All valid members that form the joing are allocated to a number of planes. A tolerance of +/- 15 exists to
identify braces belonging to the same plane. Each member in each plane is then assessed to obtain unity
factors for axial and bending forces in addition to an interaction ratio to account for the combination of
such forces.
BEAMST automatically decides on the type of joint by assessing the balancing axial force in each valid brace
member forming the joint. Firstly any load paths that form a K joint are assessed; it can be the case that in
a traditional KT Joint shape that this will result in 2 K joints with different gaps between members.
All forces that transfer acrross the joint to an opposite brace will form X Joints; again it is possible that
multiple X Joint load paths co-exist within one joint; in this case these will be calculated with the appropriate
offsets. Finally, any shear that exists in a jont will be accounted for by the provision of a Y joint type. The
final joint capacity will be calculated using the proportion of axial load that is allocated to each of the joint
types.
378

The detailed joint check report provides information on joint geometric parameters, type, acting chord and
brace stresses, punching shear, Qf and Qu factors, punching shear allowable(s), and unity checks. This may
be requested using the PRINt UNCK command. The maximum unity check is flagged for ease of reference.
When an interpolatory joint type classification is being employed two sets of punching shear allowables are
reported, one for each joint classification type and these pertain to joints classified as 100% of the respective
joint types.
BEAMST commands applicable to the ISO joint check are given in ISO JOIN Commands (p. 379) below and
are described in detail in BEAMST Command Reference (p. 5). An example data file is given in Example ISO
JOIN data file (p. 380).
Command
Description
Usage
Note
ISO JOIN
ISO joint check header command
UNIT
YIEL
Yield stress
JOIN
TYPE
CHOR
SECO
DESI
GAPD
Defines default gap dimension
PROF
STUB
CASE
COMB
CMBV
SELE
RENU
PRIN
TEXT
379
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Command
Description
TITL
END
Usage
Note
Usage
Notes
1.
2.

TEXT **************************************************************************
TEXT ISO TEST FOR JOINTS t2216be1.dat
TEXT
TEXT T2216ASA.DAT ASAS ANALYSIS SIMPLE STRUCTURE FOR JOINTS
TEXT T2216BE1.DAT BEAMST JOINT ANALYSIS SAVE FEMV FILES
TEXT T2216BE2.DAT BEAMST JOINT ANALYSES CHORD EFFE COMMAND, UNITS
TEXT *************************************************************************
JOB OLD POST
PROJECT T216
STRUCTURE T216
OPTIONS GOON
UNITS KN M
SAVE FEMU FILES
END
ISO ED1 JOIN
PRINT ALL
COMB 2 7.0 1
YIEL 345000.0 GROU ALL
JOIN 752
CHOR 752 745 746
YIEL 340000.0 ELEM 745
YIEL 340000.0 ELEM 746
STUB END2 1.2000 0.0300 ELEM 745
STUB END1 1.2000 0.0300 ELEM 746
STUB END2 1.0000 0.0200 ELEM 751
*TYPE 752 K 751 0.0000 ALL
* REPLACED FOR NORSOK WITH
TYPE 752 K 751 755 0.0000 ALL
STUB END1 1.0000 0.0200 ELEM 755
*TYPE 752 K 755 0.0000 ALL
* REPLACED FOR NORSOK WITH
TYPE 752 K 755 751 0.0000 ALL
STUB END2 1.0000 0.0200 ELEM 585
TYPE 752 X 585 ALL
380

STUB END2 1.0000 0.0200
TYPE 752 X 586 ALL
STUB END1 1.0000 0.0200
TYPE 752 X 785 ALL
STUB END1 1.0000 0.0200
TYPE 752 X 786 ALL
JOIN 712
CHOR 712 501 601
YIEL 415000.0 ELEM 501
YIEL 415000.0 ELEM 601
STUB END2 2.0000 0.0400
STUB END1 2.0000 0.0400
STUB END1 1.2000 0.0300
TYPE 712 T 745 ALL
JOIN 785
CHOR 785 743 744
YIEL 340000.0 ELEM 743
YIEL 340000.0 ELEM 744
STUB END2 1.2000 0.0300
STUB END1 1.2000 0.0300
STUB END2 1.0000 0.0200
TYPE 785 Y 757 ALL
JOIN 956
CHOR 956 962 963
YIEL 345000.0 ELEM 962
YIEL 345000.0 ELEM 963
STUB END2 1.0000 0.0200
STUB END1 1.0000 0.0200
STUB END2 1.0000 0.0200
TYPE 956 X 961 ALL
JOIN 956
CHOR 956 962 963
YIEL 345000.0 ELEM 962
YIEL 345000.0 ELEM 963
STUB END2 1.0000 0.0200
STUB END1 1.0000 0.0200
STUB END1 1.0000 0.0200
TYPE 956 X 964 ALL
END
STOP
ELEM 586
ELEM 785
ELEM 786
ELEM 501
ELEM 601
ELEM 745
ELEM 743
ELEM 744
ELEM 757
ELEM 962
ELEM 963
ELEM 961
ELEM 962
ELEM 963
ELEM 964
API Joint Check Report

381
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST
MEMB - Joint utilisation exceeds brace utilisation assuming that the latter is conservativelytaken as
unity. More detail check is required, which is not currently undertaken by the program.
* Error message
+ Warning message
ISO JOIN Nomenclature

ISO JOIN Nomenclature - Dimensional

R - Chord radius
T - Chord thickness
t - Brace thickness
- Ratio between the chord radius and thickness
- Ratio between the thickness of the brace and chord
- Ratio between the diameter of the brace and chord
g - K joint gap
ISO JOIN Nomenclature - Acting Forces and Stresses

Paxc - Chord axial force
Mipc - Chord in-plane bending moment
Mopc - Chord out-of-plane bending moment
fa - Brace axial stress component
fip - Brace in-plane bending stress
382

fop - Brace out-of-plane bending stress
ISO JOIN Nomenclature - Allowable Stresses and Unity Checks

PRd - Allowable axial force
MRdip - Allowable in-plane bending moment
MRdop - Allowable out-of-plane bending moment
Pyc - Chord yield force
Mpc - Chord plastic moment
UCBN - Combined bending unity check
ISO Joint Strengths and Unity Checks

ISO JOIN - Chord Action Factor, Qf
Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
(14.3-9)
If
NOCY
where
= 0.030 brace axial force = 0.045 brace inbending = 0.021
brace outbending
(14.3-10)
For brace axial force:

C1 = 25 for Y joints
= 20 for X joints
= 14 for K joints
C2 = 11 for Y joints
= 22 for X joints
= 43 for K joints
For brace moments:
C1 = 25
383
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
C2 = 43
ISO JOIN - Strength Factor Qu

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
(14.3.3)
If > 0.6
Message
then
else Q = 1.0
For K joints
Gap factor
If
then
elseif
then
where
else then Qg is linearly interpolated between the limiting

values for the ratio g/T
Qu is obtained from:
For moment calculations, all joint types:
In-plane bending:
Out-of-plane bending:
For axial calculations, K joints:
For axial calculations, T/Y joints:
384

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
In axial tension:
In axial compression:
For axial calculations, X joints:

In axial tension:
else
In axial compression:
Notes and definitions of terms as per AISC LRFD MEMB Commands (p. 94)
ISO JOIN - Characteristic Resistances

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
(14.3-1)
(14.3-2)
where m = 1.05
For Y and X joints where a joint can is specified:
(14.3-11)
where
PRdCan from (14.3-1) is based on chord can geometric properties
Tn = Nominal chord member thickness
Tc = Chord can thickness
385
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
If 0.9
then
else
Lc = Effective total length
ISO JOIN - Nominal Load Unity Checks

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
Unity checks are calculated for each component of brace

loading, ie
If any UC > 0.9 but < 1.0....................................
PNT9
If any UC > 1.0 ................................................
FAIL
ISO JOIN - Combined Axial and Bending Unity Checks

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
(14.3-12)
If UCBN > 0.9 but < 1.0....................................

PNT9
If UCBN > 1.0 ................................................
FAIL
(14.3-13)
If
................................................
UB = Utilisation of the brace at the joint end and conservatively taken as 1.0
MEMB
z = 1.17
386
POST Command Data (POST)
ISO JOIN - Interpolated Joints

Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
If an interpolatory joint type classification is specified or

identified, the design strengths are calculated from:
BEAMST POST Theory

The POST header command in BEAMST is used to request post-processing (other than checks to design
codes of practice) to produce intermediate member forces and moments, and to compute section stresses
for all currently supported section profiles.
POST Command Data (POST)

POST Overview
The POST header command in BEAMST is used to request post-processing (other than checks to design
codes of practice) to produce intermediate member forces and moments, and to compute section stresses
for all currently supported section profiles.
In general the POST Command data block will contain the following; a POST header command, a UNIT
command defining the units of length and force used (see BEAMST Command Reference (p. 5) and BEAMST
Command Sets (p. 8)), ELEMent, GROUp and CASE commands selecting elements, groups and loadcases
for processing and possibly a DESI command (BEAMST Command Reference (p. 5)) if the stress report is requested for elements other than TUBE which have not been defined using sections in the structural analysis.
Combinations of loadcases may also be included in the reporting using the COMBine or CMBV commands.
Loadcases are assumed by default to be linear static. Spectral cases must be defined using the SPECtral
command.
The selection of output reports is made using the PRINt command with the appropriate parameters for the
required reports. The command may also be used to request summary report 5, using the PRIN SUM5 command, which provides information about the highest member forces and moments for each selected group.
The complete list of commands applicable to the POST Command is given in POST Commands (p. 387) below
and are are described in detail in BEAMST Command Reference (p. 5). An example data file is shown in Example
of POST data file (p. 388).
Command
Description
Usage
Note
POST
BEAMST Post-processing Header command
UNIT
GROU
ELEM
SECT
387
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Command
Description
Usage
Note
DESI
PROF
CASE
COMB
CMBV
SELE
Specify a loadcase title
SPEC
Select loadcases for a spectral analysis
RENU
PRIN
TEXT
TITL
END
Usage
Notes
1.
2.
3.
Compulsory for non-tubulars unless sections have been used for all elements to be processed in the
preceding analyses.
4.

JOB POST
PROJECT MANU
FILES BEJA
STRU
COMPONENT PILE DECA
OPTION GOON
END
UNITS KN M
END
POST
*
*
GROUP ALL
NOT ELEMENT 991 992
*
388
Section Descriptions
* Section dimensions in mm
*
UNITS MM
: 931 TO 942
*
* Switch units back to M
*
UNITS M
*
*
COMB 10 1.0 1 1.0 3 1.0 4
COMB 11 1.0 2 1.0 3 1.0 4
*
*
*
*
PRIN XCHK PROP FORC STRE SUNI N MM
END
STOP
BEAMST Appendices
This appendix gives details of the dimensional data required to define each section type available in BEAMST
and also the equations used to calculate flexural properties and member stresses. The following nomenclature
is used:
Dimensional:
d = Section depth (in local Y direction)
b = Section width (in local Z direction) t, tw, tf = Thickness; wall, web, flange
D, ID, Dn = Tube diameters; outer, inner, nominal
ry, rz, rt = Radii of gyration; bending Y, bending Z, torsional
Flexural:
Ax, Ay, Az = Section area; cross section, Y and Z shear areas
Ix, Iy, Iz = Sectional inertias; torsional, minor and major bending
Acting Forces and Stresses:
Fx = Axial force
Mx, My, Mz = Moments; torsion, minor (Y) bending, major (Z) bending
389
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Qy, Qz = Shear forces Y,Z
fa = Computed axial stress
fby, fbz = Computed bending stresses in Y/Z local bending planes
ftx = Torsion shear for tubes
fty, ftz = Torsion shear in web and flange plates of boxes
fvy, fvz = Shear stresses Y, Z
fbymax, fbzmax = Maximum computed bending stress anywhere along beam
fvm\x = Maximum shear stresses for tubes
Code Check Stresses:
fbyr, fbzr=Bending resultant
fb=Resultant bending stress
fh=Hoop compressive stress
fxt, fxc=Axial tension and compressive stresses in hoop compressed TUBES
fat, fac=Computed axial tension and compressive stresses
Allowable Stresses:
E=Youngs modulus
Fa=Axial compression
Fbc, Fbt=Compressive, tensile bending stress
Fe=Euler buckling stress
Fv=Shear
FVB, FVY=Shear buckle, shear yield
Fy=Yield stress (minimum)
Other symbols are defined within the text.
TUB - Tubes of Circular Sections
Note: ry and rz are optional. If omitted from the DESI or PROF commands they are calculated automatically.
390
391
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST
See BEAMST DS44 Theory (p. 264) for Design Load Effects for DS449 checks.
See API Allowable - Acting Punching Shear Vp (p. 176) for calculations of acting punching shear for API
punching shear and brace end fatigue checks."
392
FBI - Fabricated I-Section
Note: ry, rz and rT are optional. If omitted from the DESI or PROF commands they are calculated automatically.
393
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST
WF - Wide Flanged Rolled I-Section
Note: ry, rz and rT are optional. If omitted from the DESI or PROF commands they are calculated automatically.
Other flexural properties taken from ASAS data or from DESI or PROF commands.
394
RHS - Rolled Hollow Section
395
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST
396
PRI - Solid Rectangular Section
397
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST
CHAN - ChannelSection
398
TEE - Tee Section
399
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST
ANGL - Angle Section
Flexural Property Formulae:
Flexural properties taken from ASAS data or from DESI or PROF commands.
Graphical Display of BEAMST Results

The results from a BEAMST run may be presented graphically by FEMVIEW. A plot file for this program is
created when the SAVE FEMS FILES command is included in the BEAMST preliminary data. This facility is
400

restricted to BEAMST data files containing only one complete data set (ie not multiple check types in a single
run) and for static (not spectral) loadcases.
BEAMST Plot Files

The data written to the plot file falls into three categories:
Structural Description
Member Forces
Unity Check Values
The format for this data is as follows:

a.
Structural Description
The complete structural data for the current structure (as defined in the preliminary data) is saved irrespective of the sub-set of members/joints specified in the BEAMST data. This enables the results to
be presented on the structure as a whole and allows further results to be appended to the model. This
data includes the node numbers, associated coordinates and element data.
b.
Member Forces
Member forces (and moments) are written to the plot file when the FORC option is included in the
PRIN command. Results are written for all processed elements at the element end points and any intermediate sections at which forces are evaluated. All the results are written for each element in turn,
each individual result being identified by an abbreviated name. These identifiers are given in Member
Force Abbreviations/Force Numbers (p. 401).
Result Type
FEMVIEW Abbreviation
Axial Force (FX)
TEN_COMP
Shear in local Y
SHEAR_Y
Shear in local Z
SHEAR_Z
Torsion (MX)
TORSION
Moment in local Y (MY)
MOMENT_Y
Moment in local Z (MZ)
MOMENT_Z
2
Resultant Shear (SP=(FY +FZ ) ))

2
PRIN_SHR
2
Resultant Moment (MP=(MY +MZ ) )

c.
PRIN_MOM
Unity Check Values

Unity check values are written to the plot file for the requested code checks. For FEMVIEW the checks
are identified for selection by an abbreviated name and identified on the plots by a check number.
The identification abbreviations and numbers are given in Unity Check Abbreviations/Check Numbers (p. 401).
Check Type
Member
Type
Unity Check
FEMVIEW
Abbreviation
Check
Number
Axial
AXIAL
401
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Check Type
Member
Type
Unity Check
FEMVIEW
Abbreviation
Check
Number
AISC ALLO
TUB
Shear y
SHEAR_Y
WF
Shear z
SHEAR_Z
RHS
Pure Bending y
P.BEND_Y
BOX
Pure Bending z
P.BEND_Z
FBI
Maximum Shear
MX.SHEAR
Combined Buckle
CMB.BUCK
Combined Yield
CMB.YLD
True C.S.R
TRUE.CSR
Axial
AXIAL
Shear
SHEAR
Torsion
TORSION
Pure Bending y
P.BEND_Y
Pure Bending z
P.BEND_Z
Resultant Bending
RES.BEND
Combined Buckle
CMB.BUCK
Combined Yield 1
CMB.YLD1
Combined Yield 2
CMB.YLD2
True C.S.R
TRUE.CSR
10
Axial
AXIAL
TUB
Shear y
SHEAR_Y
WF
Shear z
SHEAR_Z
RHS
Pure Bending Y
P.BEND_Y
BOX
Pure Bending Z
P.BEND_Z
FBI
Combined Yield
YIELD
Axial Compression
AX.COMP
21
Axial tension
AX.TENS
22
Hoop
HOOP
23
Combined Compression
CMB.COMP
24
Combined Tension
CMB.TENS
25
Axial
AXIAL
21
Hoop
HOOP
22
Yield
YIELD
23
Buckle
BUCKLE
24
Combined Compression
CMB.COMP
25
Combined Tension
CMB.TENS
26
Axial Tension
AX.TENS
11
Pure Bending z
P.BEND_Z
12
API WSD ALLO
API LRFD MEMB
AISC LRFD MEMB
AISC WSD HYDR
TUB
TUB
BOX
API LRFD HYDR
TUB
BOX
BS59 MEMB
402
TUB

Check Type
NPD MEMB
NPD MEMB
Member
Type
Unity Check
FEMVIEW
Abbreviation
Check
Number
WF
Pure Bending y
P.BEND_Y
13
RHS
Combined Axial and Bemding
CMB.AX+B
14
BOX
Shear z
SHEAR_Z
15
FBI
Shear y
SHEAR_Y
16
Buckle y
BUCKLE_Y
17
Buckle z
BUCKLE_Z
18
Torsional Buckling
TOR.BUCK
19
Compression and Moment
COMP+MOB
20
WF
Direct
DIRECT
31
RHS
Shear y
SHEAR_Y
32
BOX
Shear z
SHEAR_Z
33
FBI
Von-Mises
VON.MISE
34
Yield
YIELD
35
Combined Axial + Bending
CMB.AX+B
36
Combined Axial + Pressure
CMB.AX+P
37
Combined Axial + Torsion

Shear
CMB.AX+TS
38

Shear
CMB.AX+BS
39
TUB
NPD MEMB
TUB, WF,
RHS, BOX
Combined Member Buckle
CMB.M.BK
40
NPD MEMB
TUB
Maximum Buckle
MX.BUCKL
41
Von-Mises
VON.MISE
71
Shear
SHEAR
72
Buckling
BUCKLING
73
Local Buckling
LCL.BUCK
74
Hydrostatic Buckling
HYD.BUCK
75
Combined Buckling
CMB.BUCK
76
Combined Axial and Bending
CMB.AX+B
77
Combined Axial and Pressure
CMB.AX+P
78
Axial
AXIal
51
In-plane Bending
IP.BEND
52
Out-of-plane Bending
OP.BEND
53
Combined Bending
CMB.BEND
54
CMB.AX+B
55
Joint Check
JOINT.CK
56
Axial
AXIAL
51
DS44 MEMB
TUB
FBI
API WSD PUNC

API WSD NOMI
DS44 NOMI
TUB
403
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Check Type
Member
Type
Unity Check
FEMVIEW
Abbreviation
Check
Number
API LRFD JOIN
TUB
In-plane Bending
IP.BEND
52
OP.BEND
53
Not used
NPD JOIN
NORS MEMB
TUB
TUB
54
CMB.AX+B
55
Joint Check
JOINT.CK
56
Cross Chord Check
CROSS.CK
56
Axial
AXIAL
61
CMB.AX+B
62
Axial
AXIAL
61
Shear
SHEAR
62
Torsion
TORSION
63
Pure Bending y
Y_BEND
64
Pure Bending z
Z_BEND
65
Resultant Bending
RES.BEND
66
Not used
NORS HYDR
NORS PUNC
TUB
TUB
ALL
67
Combined Compr + Bend'g

1
YIELD_1
68
Combined Compr + Bend'g

2
YIELD_2
69
Combined Shear + Bending
CMB_SH+B
70
Combined Shr, Bendg + Tors
CMB_S+B+T
71
Hoop
HOOP_UC
81
Hoop and Axial
UCC1
82
Comb Hoop, Bendg + Axial

1
UCC2
83
Comb Hoop, Bendg + Axial

2
UCC3
84
Combined Unity Check
COMB_UC
85
Axial
AXIAL
111
In-plane Bending
IP_BEND
112
OP_BEND
113
Combined Axial and Bending
CMB_AX+B
114
Check Envelope
CK_ENVLP
0,50*
* check envelopes: 0 = maximum member unity check value

50 = maximum joint unity check value
404
Presenting BEAMST Results in FEMVIEW

The following section gives a brief overview of how BEAMST results may be presented in FEMVIEW. It is not
a substitute for the FEMVIEW User Manual which should be the reference for all use of FEMVIEW.
The FEMVIEW interface files must be read in at the INDEX level using the command:
UTILITY READ VIEWDATA filename
The first file read must contain model data in addition to any results data unless the results are being appended to an existing model. Once the data has been read and the FEMVIEW database created or modified,
FEMVIEW may be requested with the appropriate model name. Initially the outline of the model will be
displayed. It is often helpful to list the available results at this stage using the command:
UTILITY TABULATE LOADCASES
The loadcases are identified by the BEAMST loadcase number preceded by the letter L. In addition unity
checks create loadcase LMAX, this is an envelope case of the worst unity values from all the other loadcases.
The loadcase must be selected before any results may be displayed using the command:
RESULTS LOADCASE Ln
where n is the loadcase number.
The unity check values presented in FEMVIEW are percentage values e.g. 40 represents 40% or 0.4.
Member Force Results

Member force results are created as gaussian results by BEAMST, one gauss point being located at each
member end, at each property step and at each selected element section. The components of force (listed
in Member Force Abbreviations/Force Numbers (p. 401)) are selected individually by the command:
RESULTS GAUSSIAN FORC_MOM comp
where comp is the FEMVIEW abbreviation. Member force results may be presented by one of three commands:
PRESENT DIAGRAM - Bending moment/Shear force diagrams
PRESENT NUMERIC - Numeric results on model plot
PRESENT GRAPH - Graph results (individual or string of elements)
Member Force Results Presented Diagramatically with Numerical Results Overlaid (p. 406) and Member Force
Results Presented Graphically for Element 5 (p. 406) show typical FEMVIEW plots of member force results for
an example model.
405
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST
Member Unity Check Results

For each element processed in BEAMST there will be one unity check value per check type (as listed in Unity
Check Abbreviations/Check Numbers (p. 401)). These are the worst unity check value for the element and are
stored as a gaussian result, the gauss point being at the location of this unity value. In the case of buckling
unity values, the position is always assumed at the centre of the beam. The results are selected by the
command:"
RESULTS GAUSSIAN checkname
where checkname is the FEMVIEW abbreviation of the unity check name.
Member unity check commands may only be presented in numerical form using the command:
406

PRESENT NUMERIC
This will display a plot of the model with the unity check value superimposed at each member centre and
the unity value position on the member flagged by a small cross. The unity check value is presented as a
two or three part integer of the form:
ll/mm/nn
where ll is the loadcase number (only used when viewing loadcase LMAX)
mm is the check number (as shown in Unity Check Abbreviations/Check Numbers (p. 401))
nn is the maximum unity check value for the element."
A typical member unity plot is show in Member Unity Checks Presented Numerically (p. 407)
Joint Unity Check Results

Joint unity check values are also in the form of element gaussian results. In this instance the unity values
refer to a particular member at a particular joint. The gauss point position is located 1/4 of the way along
the appropriate member from the joint to which the unity check value applies. A member may have two
values associated with it (one at each end) or none at all if it is not the critical member in the joint. The
results are selected, presented and interpreted as described above for member unity checks.
A typical joint unity check plot is shown in Joint Unity Checks Presented Numerically (p. 408)
407
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST
Using BEAMST in Stand-alone Mode

When BEAMST is run in Stand-Alone mode it is necessary to explicitly supply data in the BEAMST datafile
which is usually drawn from the ASAS database. The first part of this data is defined by the TOPO command
which specifies the user element number, the associated node numbers and the group number. The element
number is compulsory, the other data is optional but recommended. As element numbers are used by other
BEAMST commands it is necessary to set these up at the start of the BEAMST data. For this reason the TOPO
commands form their own command set must be positioned directly after the Preliminary data and terminated
by an END command. The TOPO command set is followed by the required code check command set, which
along with the standard commands must also contain further stand-alone specific commands. These commands and their use are summarised in the table below:
Command
Description
Usage
TOPO
Define element number, nodes and group
END
Terminator for TOPO data
COOR
Defines nodal coordinates
MATE
Defines material data
FORC
Defines applied member loading
In addition to the above commands the DESI command (with PROF if required) is also mandatory to define
the element cross-section dimensions.
408
BEAMST References
The header command for each command set consists of a keyword defining the design code, a second
keyword (or sub-header) defining the particular requirements from the code and in some instances further
keywords defining editions, amendments and check classes.
BEAMST References
Ref.
1
American Institute of Steel Construction, Specification for Structural Steel Buildings

- Allowable Stress Design and Plastic Design, Ninth Edition, 1st June, 1989.
Ref.
2
American Petroleum Institute, Recommended Practice for Planning, Designing

and Constructing Fixed Offshore Platforms - Working Stress Design, API RP2AWSD, Twentieth Edition, July 1st, 1993.
Ref.
3
American Petroleum Institute, Recommended Practice for Planning, Design and

Constructing Fixed Offshore Platforms - Load and Resistance Factor Design, API
RP2A-LRFD, First Edition, July 1st, 1993.
Ref.
4
British Standards Institute, Structural Use of Steelwork in Buildings, BS5950: Part

1, 1985.
Ref.
5
Norwegian Petroleum Directorate, Regulation for Structural Design of Loadbearing

Structures Intended for Exploitation of Petroleum Resources, 1985.
Ref.
6
Norwegian Petroleum Directorate, Acts, regulations and provisions for the petroleum activity, January 1992.
Ref.
7
Norges Standardiseringsforbund, Steel structures - Design rules, NS3472E, 2nd

edition, June 1984.
409
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Ref.
8
Norwegian Standard, Prosjektering av bygningskonstruksjoner. dimensjonerende

laster, NS3479.
Ref.
9
Dansk Ingenirforening, Pile-Supported Offshore Steel Structures, DS449,

September 1984.
Ref.
10
Dansk Ingenirforening, Structural Use of Steel, DS412, March 1984.
Ref.
11
WS Atkins Engineering Software, ASAS User Manual, Version 12, February 2000.
Ref.
12
WS Atkins Engineering Software, RESPONSE User Manual, Version 12, February

2000.
Ref.
13
WS Atkins Engineering Software, LOCO User Manual, Version 12, February 2000.
Ref.
14
WS Atkins Engineering Software, WAVE User Manual, Version 12, February 2000.
Ref.
15
WS Atkins Engineering Software, APCA User Manual, Version 12, February 2000.
Ref.
16
WS Atkins Engineering Sciences, ASAS-OFFSHORE, Technical Descriptions, Issue

2, March, 1983.
Ref.
17
Structural Stability Research Council, Guide to Stability Design Criteria for Metal
Structures, Ed. B.G. Johnston, J. Wiley and Sons, Third Edition, 1976.
Ref.
18
Atkins Research and Development, The AISC Code, As Implemented in BEAMST,

AAD Report No. 22.6.81.
Ref.
19
BCSA, Combined Bending and Torsion of Beams and Girders, Publication no 31

(first part), 1968.
Ref.
20
Horne MR, Morris LJ, Plastic Design of Low-rise Frames, CONSTRADO Monograph,
1981.
Ref.
21
Neal BG, Plastic Methods of Structural Analysis, 3rd Editon, Chapman & Hall, 1977.
Ref.
22
EEC International Committee for the development and study of tubular construction,
Construction with Hollow Steel Sections.
Ref.
23
American Institute of Steel Construction, Load and Resistance Factor Design Specification for Structural Steel Buildings, AISC LRFD, Second Edition, December 1st,
1993.
Ref.
24
NORSOK Standard N-004, Design of Steel Structures, (1st Edition, December 1998).
Ref.
25
American Institute of Steel Construction, Load and Resistance Factor Design Specification for Steel Buildings, AISC LRFD, Third Edition, Dec 27, 1999 with errata
Sept 4, 2001
Ref.
26
American Petroleum Institute, Recommended Practice for Planning, Design and

Constructing Fixed Offshore Platforms -Working Stress Design, API RP2A-WSD,
Twenty-first edition, Dec 2000
Ref.
27
International Standard ISO 19902, 'Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries - Fixed
Steel Offshore Structures', 1st Edition, Dec 2007
410

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ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Post-processing plus code checking

Stand-alone post-processing plus code checking

NS3472 E Steel Structures - Design Rules.

British Standard BS5950: Part 1: Structural use of steelwork in building.

NORSOK: Design of Steel structures

ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Section Properties for BEAMST

Member Stress Evaluation

Beam Local Axes Considerations

Member Stress Evaluation

ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

Loadcase Combinations, Orientation and Classification

Code Checking in BEAMST

BEAMST Command Structures

Saving Results for Graphical Display

Bending moment and shear force diagrams

Unity check values superimposed on the mesh

BEAMST Command Reference

BEAMST Command Structures

ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

An input line must not be longer than 80 characters.

BEAMST Command Data Types

Integer Number and Lists

BEAMST Command Structures

BEAMST Command Special Symbols

ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

BEAMST NOT Command Modifier

BEAMST Command Sets

BEAMST Command Sets

ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

BEAMST Priority of Data Assignments

The priority of such assignments is defined below:

Assuming elements 1 and 2 are in group 5:

ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

c - resistance factor for axial compressive strength

t - resistance factor for axial tensile strength

h - resistance factor for hoop buckling strength

v - resistance factor for beam shear strength

b - resistance factor for bending strength

j - resistance factor for joint connection

q - resistance factor for yield

ED2 or ED3 for LRFD

ED8 or ED9 for WSD

ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

ED1 for LRFD

ED13, ED16, ED17, ED18, ED19, ED20 or ED21 for WSD

If the design method is omitted WSD is assumed.

ANSYS ASAS BEAMST

In the absence of a sub-command, keyword defaults to MEMB

ANSYS ASAS BEAMST