Arquitecturas de Acceso Multiservicio

Cisco Networkers
Argentina 2008
2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Cisco Public
Carrier Ethernet Aggregation

Architectures
Istvan Kakonyi - ikakonyi@cisco.com
Presentation_ID
Cisco Confidential
Recuerde siempre
1.
2.
Apagar su telfono celular mientras dure la sesin.
Completar su evaluacin y entregarla a la asistente de sala.
3. Ser puntual en todas las actividades de entrenamiento,

almuerzos y eventos sociales para lograr un desarrollo ptimo
de la agenda.
4. Completar la evaluacin general incluida en su material y

entregarla el mircoles 12 de Noviembre durante la tarde.
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Argentina 2008
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Agenda
1. The Evolution of Multimedia Services
2. Standard Background: DSL Forums TR-101
And Ciscos implementation
3. Aggregation Network Vision and Requirements

Not all services are equal
4. Aggregation Network Transport Options

Ethernet? MPLS? IP?
How video influences the choice
5. Aggregation Network Architectural Views

How to put things together?
6. Carrier Ethernet Aggregation System 1.5

An end-to-end architecture for business, residential and wholesale
services
7. Summary
Now and the future
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Argentina 2008
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The Evolution of
Multimedia Services
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Argentina 2008
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The Connected Life

MorningCommute
Use Phone as a Wallet
and Ticket
DayOffice
Watch TV on Train, Program

DVR for Tonight
Conduct Telepresence
Meeting
EveningHome and About Town

Childs Game and Update
Virtual Community Pages
en Route Home
Find Childs GPS

Location on TV
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Argentina 2008
Watch Shows on Demand,

Answer Video Call on TV
Cisco Public
Customer Profiles & Traffic Mix is

Changing
Consumer
New Demands, New Opportunities
2004
2008
93% CAGR
Consumer Broadband
(TB / month)
Consumer VoIP
(TB / month)
Consumer
IPTV / VoD
Consumer FTTH
(TB / month)
Rise of
Video / IPTV
24,500 TB/month
654,000 TB/month
Business
47% CAGR
Business DSL
IP VPN
Private Line
(IP Portion)
ATM / FR
(IP Portion)
Ethernet
172,000 TB/month
1,190,000 TB/month
Cisco Networkers
Argentina 2008
Proliferation
of Business
Broadband
Source: Cisco Estimates, Ovum, Bernstein, Public Company Data
Cisco Public
Service Innovation Is Key to

Incremental Revenue Generation
Existing service
delivery approach
Voice
apps
Enterprise
data
Flexible business
models to match
service lifecycle
NGSP destination
3rd party applications
Consumer
data
CPE
NGSP
apps
ASP
Content
CPE
Open
Open service
service delivery
delivery
PSTN
PSTN
Frame
Frame
relay/
relay/
ATM
ATM
Internet
Internet
access
access
OA&M
OA&M
OA&M
OA&M
OA&M
OA&M
Costly
Slow to market
Integrated
One-size-fits-all
Network
Network services
services // Intelligent
Intelligent IP
IP
infrastructure
infrastructure
OA&M
OA&M
Open service delivery

for faster innovation
& competitive
differentiation
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Argentina 2008
Efficient
Rapid response
Open
Personalized
Cisco Public
IP NGN Carrier Ethernet

Key Attributes
Converged
Resilient
Intelligent
Scalable
Single
network for
business and
residential
services
Industrys
most resilient
end-to-end
solution
Service
intelligence
applied as
required
throughout the
network
Dramatic
increases in
bandwidth,
subscribers,
and services
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Argentina 2008
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SP Network Evolution and Consolidation

Historic Growth
Not built for packet initially
Diff. Departments
High OPEX due to layering
L1/L2/L3 Services via IP/MPLS
High Bandwidth
Optical Services
Optical Layer(IPoWDM)
Tomorrow
L3 Services
ATM
SONET/SDH
Physical Layer
cWDM
dWDM
Fibre
Physical Layer
Physical Layer
cWDM
dWDM
Fibre
Yesterday
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Argentina 2008
Evolution not revolution

Minimal Layering
similar control plane
in aggregation and core
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IP NGN: Converged Topology

Internet
Internet
L1/L2/L3 Services
L1/L2/L3 Services
Basic high Speed

Transport
1.
Internet
L1/L2/L3 Services
Physical Layer
Optical layer
Dark fibre and / or DWDM
Basic non-oversubscribed point to point high bandwidth services
Under lying transport for IP/MPLS infrastructure
2.
IP/MPLS
Based on an end to end IP/MPLS control plane
Concurrent support of L1, L2, L3 services
MPLS for Connected oriented properties with Traffic Engineering, Path protection (AND LINK and NODE
protection!!), P2P AND MP2MP, Superior and absolute QoS (RSVP-TE)
3.
Flexible injection and serviceCiscopoints

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11
DSL Forums
TR-101
An Architecture for Ethernet Aggregation of DSL Access Nodes
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DSL Beyond Best Effort ?

1. Significant current interest in making residential DSL more
than a best effort service
Lower initial cost of entry and incremental revenue through value
added services
Dynamic bandwidth services bandwidth on demand
Differentiated services support voice, broadcast TV, video telephony,
video-on-demand
2. Number of catalysts
DSL forum TR-59 (ATM Aggregation) and now TR-101
(Ethernet Aggregation)
Ethernet to the home deployments
IPTV service delivery maturing
MPEG-4 part 10 / media player 9
Broadcast quality video at ~1.2mbps
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Argentina 2008
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13
TR-101 Scope and Content

DSLAM
BNG (BRAS)
1. Technical considerations
VLAN architecture
Multicast considerations
Ethernet Aggregation
DSLAM
Use of a video optimised Service Router

(next to traditional TR-59 type BRAS)
Resilience in the Ethernet Aggregation Network
BNG (Video)
QoS in the Ethernet Aggregation Network

Ethernet OAM
Support for PPPoA and IPoA (aka interworking between
XoA and XoE)
Note: TR-101s introduces the term Broadband Network Gateway (BNG)
to differentiate from the legacy BRAS term
Cisco Networkers
For more information : http://www.dslforum.org/techwork/tr/TR-101.pdf
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VLAN Architecture: VLAN per User (1:1)

1. VLAN use similar to ATM i.e.
connection oriented i.e.
configuration intensive
2. IEEE802.1ad Inner Tag =
Port Identifier, Outer Tag =
DSLAM Identifier
3. Multicast replication inside
Single BNG, not inside
Ethernet Aggregation
Network
Aggregation
Access
4. Multi-homing to 2 BNGs
is complex
5. Good for p2p business
services ; less ideal for
Triple-Play Services
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VLAN Architecture:
VLAN per Service/SP (N:1)
1. Single tagged (802.1Q or
802.1ad) VLANs Double
tagging not needed
2. Connectionless provisioning
benefit ; Access Node
inserts Line ID (DHCP Opt
82 , PPPoE Intermediate
Agent)
Access
Aggregation
3. Network elements take care

of subscriber MAC isolation
through split horizon
forwarding
4. Multiple injection points per
VLAN (BRAS AND Video
Service Router) possible
5. Multicast replication within
access/Aggregation
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Ethernet Aggregate QoS Within the

Access/Aggregation Network
120kbps PQ
6mbps
Voice (Priority Queue with policing

at 100kbps)
IPTV/VoD
CBR or VBR
2mbps 3.9mbps
4.5mbps
100kbps
Video traffic
uniquely marked
and placed on
Aggregation
network
unspecified
Work preserving scheduler

Static configuration on user link
PQ
3mbps
Internet (shaped or policed at
3mbps)
Video BNG
Aggregation
Access
BNG (BRAS)
1.
Per class scheduling within access/Aggregation network
2.
Per class scheduling is essential for video as the access node is effectively a
multicast insertion/replication point (replicating per subscriber line)
3.
Per class scheduling essential when separate video BNG is deployed

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DSLAM Packet Scheduling

1. ATM technology on last mile
2. Forwarding and service priority unified (ATM VC)
3. With Ethernet forwarding (802.1Q VLANs) and priority
(802.1p priority bits) are distributed
4. Packet forwarding using:
802.1Q VLAN to VC mapping
5. Service priority using

802.1p priority to VC mapping, or
802.1p based scheduling across a single VC
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Argentina 2008
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18
Ciscos TR-101 Architecture

from Discrete Elements
BNG/BRAS extremely important for PPP
Services/migration/legacy ATM support
Aggregation Node:
Carrier Ethernet Switch/
Service Router with
Aggregation function
Aggregation Node:
Service Router with
BNG
BRAS
Business
Corporate
L2 Aggregation with
IGMP Snooping
Residential
IP/MPLS Core
STB
Video BNG
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Argentina 2008
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via Video Optimization
Aggregation Node:
Service Router with
Aggregation Node:
Service Router with
BNG
BRAS
Business
Corporate
L2 Aggregation
+ L3 IP/PIM-SSM
Residential
IP/MPLS Core
STB
Video BNG
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Argentina 2008
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to Integrated Network Elements
BNG
BRAS
Business
Corporate
Residential
Si
L2 Aggregation
+ L3 IP/PIM-SSM
IP/MPLS Core
Si
STB
Carrier Ethernet Service Router (L1, L2, L3)

Video BNG (L3 IP/PIM-SSM) + L2 Aggregation
Option to Virtualize L2 Aggregation (IP control layer, MPLS techniques)
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Argentina 2008
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21
Aggregation
Network
Architecture:
Vision and
Requirements
Towards a Converged Infrastructure for Quad-Play,
Wholesale and Business Services
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Argentina 2008
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22
Cisco IP NGN Architecture

Video and
Gaming
Data
Center
PresenceBased
Telephony
Self
Service
Web
Services
Identity Policy Billing
Service
Exchange
Customer
Element
Secure
Network
Layer
Network
Layer
Mobility
Access/ IP/MPLS
Intelligent
Aggregation
Edge
Carrier Ethernet
Transport
IPoDWDM
Mobile
Apps
IP
Contact
Center
Open Framework
for Enabling
Triple Play on
the Move
(Data, Voice,
Video, Mobility)
Operational Layer
Service
Layer
Application
Layer
Delivering the Connected Life over Ethernet
Multiservice
Core
Intelligent Networking
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Argentina 2008
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23
Cisco Carrier Ethernet Services

MEF 9 & MEF 14 Certification
System Name
Carrier Ethernet Services Certified
Cisco Catalyst 3750 Metro Series Switch
EPL, EVPL and E-LAN
Cisco Catalyst 4500 Series
EPL, EVPL and E-LAN
Cisco Catalyst 4948 - 10G
EPL, EVPL and E-LAN
Cisco Catalyst 6500 Series Switch - Supervisor 720
EPL, EVPL and E-LAN
Cisco Catalyst 6500 Series Switch - Supervisor 32
EPL, EVPL and E-LAN
Cisco 7600 Series Router - Cisco 7600 Series

Supervisor Engine 720
EPL, EVPL and E-LAN
Cisco CNS 15310 ML-Series
EPL, EVPL and E-LAN
Cisco CNS 15310 CE-Series
EPL
Cisco CNS 15454 ML-Series
EPL, EVPL and E-LAN
Cisco CNS 15454 CE-Series
EPL
Cisco ONS 15310 MA ML Series
EPL, EVPL, E-LAN
Cisco ONS 15310 MA CE-Series
EPL
Cisco ME 6524 Ethernet Switch
EPL, EVPL and E-LAN
Cisco ME 3400 Ethernet Access Switches
Pending
In original testing (Sept 05), 16 Vendors Participated &

Cisco Represent 25% of all Platforms Certified
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Argentina 2008
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24
Cisco Aggregation Architecture Is

Aligned with Major Standardization Efforts
1.
Ethernet technologies maturing

for Carrier Aggregation
Networks
2.
IEEE and IETF provide

Ethernet and MPLS
Aggregation options
3.
DSL Forum defines architecture

models for EtherDSL
Aggregation
4.
5.
MEF defines Ethernet services

and UNI options
Focus on the User-Perspective:

Ethernet Services, UNI/NNI,
Traffic Engineering, E-LMI, ...
SP-Ethernet: Provider Bridges
(802.1ad); EFM (802.3ah);
Connectivity Management
OAM: 802.1ag; 802.1ah Backbone
Bridges, 802.1ak Multiple
Registration Protocol, 802.1aj
Media Converters, etc.
L2VPN, PWE3 WG Building the
Network Core: VPWS, VPLS
Cisco Systems has an active

role inAccess
these standards
UNI bodies NNI
CPE
Edge
Aggregation
Transport
Edge
Ethernet to Frame-Relay/ATM
Service Interworking
Core
TR-101 alignment : BRASrequirements, Ethernet

Aggregation / TR-59 evolution,
subscriber session handling,
Transport
Cisco Networkers
Argentina 2008
SG15/Q12, SG13/Q3; Architecture

of Ethernet Layer Networks,
Services etc. from a Transport
perspective. E2E OAM.
Cisco Public
25
Video/IPTV Is Key but Hardest to Deliver

Video Challenges
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Business Challenges
Technical Challenges
Content Scope & Control
Open, Balanced System
High Quality of Experience (QoE)

Differentiated offer / content explosion
Niche and local content
Growth of on-demand TV
Need to deploy new services
Impact of over the top video
Traditional
Web-Based Services
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Stringent packet loss requirements

Accurate CAC for VOD
Efficient multicast for local insertion and
to accommodate new services
<1s recovery in any failure scenario
Fast channel change
Managing video in scope of larger Triple
Play & Business Services portfolio
VoIP Services
Video-Based Services
Most
Difficult
Easiest
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Argentina 2008
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26
Theme of Application Management Emerges

Transport Services vs. Managed Application Services
Transport Service
1.
2.
3.
4.
Managed Application Service
Service = CIR/PIR pipe with

applications hosted by third parties
SLA defined by transport parameters
Residential HSI = 5Mbps down, 1Mbps
up, no guarantee for streaming quality
Business VPN = CIR & PIR, jitter,
delay, loss guarantees, no app.
guarantees
1.
2.
3.
4.
Application hosted by provider

SLA is defined by Quality of Experience
(QoE) expectation
Video = 1 artifact per 2 hour movie
Voice = no sound quality impairments,
blocked calls rare
Network QoS Requirements
Network QoS Requirements
1.
Shape & drop packets over CIR,

leverage TCP back-off
1.
QoE mapped to network QoS

requirements
2.
QoS can change dynamically per sub

(turbo button, bandwidth on demand)
2.
QoS same for all subs of a particular

app
3.
Transport SLA must be enforced per

subscriber
3.
No need to enforce transport SLA per

sub, user per-service SLA instead
HSI and Business VPNS

Cisco Networkers
Argentina 2008
Residential VoIP and Video
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27
Generalizing SP Ethernet Access

Evolving the Original Idea of the Ethernet Service Bus
Metcalfes Original Concept of Ethernet (1976)

1. Ethernet began as shared media tap points for workstations
and bridges
2. Leverage the multipoint nature of Ethernet in SP access.
There is a lot of value here
Service insertion point economics
Optimizing transport capex > per Gbps cost of Ethernet is far the best
Optimizing transport opex > using E-OAM applications
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Argentina 2008
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Application Mix Can Require

Multipoint at Sequential Hops
Cisco Visual Quality Experience (VQE)
Cost Effective
Video Insertion
Multicast Replication
Snoop all Streams Insert

Unicast for Channel Changes
and retransmissions
PPP Termination
PPP Tunnel Switch
IP Routing
Unicast
Multicast
Elements can be combined
1.
2.
3.
Cost Optimization (OPEX and CAPEX) leads to multiple service insertions

Application Servers only have *limited* economic ability to move towards or away
from Residential Gateway (RG)
Application Layer Services dont care if insertion points are L2 or L3 Network
Elements, and whether they bridge, route, use MPLS, Ethernet or SDH as a
transport
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The Multi-Edge Architecture

View from CE: Ethernet Tap Points by Application
Modular L3 Edge ? Ethernet Tap Points

1.
Different L3 Edge by service, services can be added and managed independently
2.
SP Edge physically could be one L3 box, but likely is many

No more God-Box
Geographic segmentation of application servers
Distributing IP on a per service basis rather than using common L2 transport
Services needing per subscriber policies (internet, peer2peer, Lawful Intercept) inserted centrally, while
simpler services (IPTV, VoD) are distributed
3.
Allows services & transport to be reused across a variety of access technologies
4.
Intermediate tunneling technologies transparent to the CE .

Can use Ethernet Bridging (802.1ad or Backbone Bridging, 802.1ah) and/or MPLS pseudo-wires
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Argentina 2008
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Next-Generation Transport
Requirements
Portal Monitoring Billing Subscriber Identity Address Policy Presence Mediation
Database
Mgmt Definition
Residential
Policy Plane (per Subscriber)
AG
Access
Aggregation
Business
L3 Core
L3 Service
Edge
CPE
Corporate
DSL/PON
Cable
Mobile
Ethernet
Single
Tier
Hub &
Spoke
or Ring
FR/ATM
E1/ATM
Ethernet
Legacy Services
Point to Point
Point to MP
Multipoint
ATM
Frame Relay
TDM
Cisco Networkers
Argentina 2008
NGN Application
Others
Standards Based
Efficient IP Multicast
Cost Effective
Efficient VoD Delivery
QoS, TE & Recovery
Call Admission Control
Fast Provisioning
Cisco Public
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Aggregation
Network
Architecture
Transport Options
IP, Ethernet Bridging, MPLS, or ?
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Aggregation Network Transport Options

Content Network
Business
Corporate
Aggregation
Node
Access
L2/3 Edge
Distribution
Node
Business
Corporate
Business
Corporate
Si
Ethernet
Access Node
DSL
Access Node
Aggregation Network
MPLS, Ethernet, IP
Si
Distribution
Node
Si
Aggregation
Node
MPLS PE
Content Network
VoD
Centralised L3 Service Edge

Cisco Networkers
Argentina 2008
TV
SIP
Layer 2 MPLS
EoMPLS/ H-VPLS
Layer 2 Ethernet
IEEE 802.1q / 802.1ad
EoMPLS
802.1q
Distributed L3 Service Edge
SIP
Core
Network
IP / MPLS
SCE
STB
Layer 3 - IP, MPLS
TV
BRAS
Si
Si
Aggregation
Node
Residential
VoD
Centralised L3 Service Edge

Cisco Public
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How to Build the L2/L3 BUS (Ethernet

or MPLS?)
The Logical Picture
L3 Node (BRAS/Router) With

Ethernet Interface
Access Node
With Ethernet Uplink
Aggregation Device
L2 Replication Point
1.
2.
3.
Some Services might require L2 replication (Video Multicast) i.e. VLANs

(N:1 or multipoint VLANs)
Some Subscribers are receiving traffic from multiple L3 nodes i.e. N:1
VLAN with MAC-address based forwarding
Other Services can be built with point to point constructs (1:1 VLANs)
Requires a lot of provisioning in access and aggregation network!
Does not easily allow different edges per subscriber
4.
MPLS or native Ethernet used to create the VLAN ? Other Options

exist?
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Argentina 2008
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Emulating Ethernet Links with

EoMPLS/VPWS
1.
EoMPLS can be used to overlay virtual

L2 Ethernet Aggregation Islands over an
MPLS network
Allows logical separation of subscribers based on
MAC-address and VLAN scaling characteristics of
Ethernet Aggregation Island
2.
EoMPLS can be used to emulate links

between Access nodes and L3 nodes
EoMPLS PW
1:1 VLAN scheme
3.
EoMPLS could be used to emulate links

between L2 Aggregation nodes and L3 nodes
N:1 VLAN scheme
1:1/N:1 VLAN Scheme with redundantly attached
Access nodes
4.
Leverages advantages of MPLS and

Ethernet bridging
EoMPLS PW
Same Bridging techniques can be deployed

IP Control Plane (same as in core)
Fast Convergence options
EoMPLS tunnel never goes down
Sometimes referred to as H-VPLS (No Full Mesh of
Pseudowires!)
Can also transport TDM and other L1/L2 services if needed
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MPLS Layer 2 Scalability

EoMPLS and VPLS VFI MAC Address Learning
Business
Access
Corporate
Learning
L2/3 Edge
Aggregation
Node
Business
Distribution
Node
Corporate
Si
Business
802.1q/PVC
Corporate
Aggregation Network
MPLS, Ethernet, IP
802.1q
Ethernet
Access Node
Si
EoMPLS PW
802.1q
Residential
VC
q/P
DSL
1
.
2
80 Access Node
Access Node
VPLS PW Mesh
VFI
Si
Aggregation
Node
802.1q
Si
BRAS
Core Network
IP / MPLS
Distribution
Node
Si
Aggregation
Node
STB
No
Learning
1.
2.
3.
Multipoint Layer 2 Transport VPLS VFI requires MAC learning

Point to Point Layer 2 Transport - EoMPLS doesnt require MAC learning
Exactly the same as normal Ethernet : clause 16.4 from 802.1ad allows disabling learning on
point to point VLANs
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Scalable Learning:
IEEE 802.1ad Clause 16.4*
Scalable Learning:
Dont learn unless you have to...
Bridges with only 2 active ports in a
VLAN do not have to learn for that VLAN
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Topology converges (STP and other

protocols)
Bridges count active ports per VLAN
and apply scalable learning ( )
Only Bridge 1d has to learn for the
VLAN shown
Same applies for H-VPLS networks
Static entries can still be added (e.g. as
a result of IGMP/PIM snooping)
Hierarchically built networks (Hub and
Spoke/Ring) can usually apply these
techniques!
Dont learn
Learn
1c
1a
1e
1d
1f
1b
1h
1g
*In particular learning can be restricted to the ingress

and egress Provider Bridge Ports of each S-VLAN that
connects only two customer points of attachment, or to
the customer systems attached to those Ports.
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Benefits of Distributed L3 Edge for Video:

More Reliable, More Efficient, More Secure
1.
2.
3.
4.
L3 allows better
load-balancing
and use of the
links across the
ring
Important for
Anycast
(redundant headends) and local ad
insertion
Better security
through anti
spoofing
behaviour of SSM
Mapping
Node to Node
signalling more
reliable versus
signalling across
L2 domain
PIM fast hellos/BFD
VRRP (VoD)
PIM Hello for Keep

Alives Not Needed
in L3 Network
Layer 3
192.1.1.1
IGMP V2
to v3 map
L3
L3
N-PE
PIM
L3
N-PE
192.1.1.1
DSLAM
L3
DSLAM
L3
PE-AGG
L3
PIM Fast
Hellos/VRRP
H-VPLS
L3 PIM Non-DR
(not active)
192.1.1.1
L2
DSLAM
L2
H-VPLS
L2
192.1.1.1
L2
DSLAM
L3 PIM DR
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Using EoMPLS Across Rings for

Multicast Distribution
1.
Single Mcast VLAN connects

all DSLAMs for video delivery
IGMP Querier Election
IGMP
U-PE1
Video flooded to all DSLAMs
2.
Daisy-Chained VPLS; U-PE

connected by PW
PW
N-PE VFIs not interconnected with PW
PW
Otherwise you might need to run a

STP over the emulated LAN!
3.
U-PE2
U-PE3
MPLS-FRR for PW/link

protection50ms restoration
claimed
R1
PIM
N-PE2
U-PE4
PW
R2
Logical view
IGMP
No spatial re-use
N-PE1
PW
Weird traffic patters across ring

after failure
4.
PW
IGMP Querier Election
Node failure (U-PE, N-PE)
R1
Split topology in access

R1 and R2 behave independent from
each other (Querier for each segment):
Convergence dependent on IGMP
election failure
R2
(2-3s claimed, default = 120s!)

Problem pushed to L3 edge!
Cisco Networkers
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Broadcast Video Distribution

Failure Scenarios: Box Failure
1.
Layer-2 subnet is
partitioned into two
pieces
U-PE1
Violation of the fundamental

rule that an L2 segment must
be contiguous
PW
PW
3.
N-PE1
R1
U-PE2
U-PE3
Spanning Tree Anyone ?
2.
PW
N-PE2
PW
Usually there is unicast

control traffic in the
multicast VLAN
(e.g. RTCP, HTTP,
MiddleWare traffic)
PW
U-PE4
R2
Logical view
Unicast control traffic

could be blackholed,
unless it uses another
overlay p2p topology
R1
?
R2
Cisco Networkers
Argentina 2008
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IP for Video and IPTV Service Delivery

Key Characteristics and Benefits
Optimal Replication
1.
Simplified Operations
IGMP/PIM only required, no snooping necessary in
Aggregation network; snooping contained in DSLAM
Single point of L3 termination for IPTV (no VRRP required)
2.
L3-Core
IP Mcast
Optimal and Scalable forwarding

SSM multicast distribution model for optimal tree creation
under all conditions
Dynamic load balancing on equal cost paths(!!)
Optimized ARP and IGMP tables through distribution
Flexible content injection, including localized content
Scales in terms of network nodes and subscribers in any
topology due to distributed L3
Allows for on-path CAC
3.
L3
IP Mcast
Load-balancing
Efficient Use of Access Bandwidth
L3
IP Mcast
L3-Core
IP Mcast
Resiliency
Consistent convergence in all failure cases: Source-, Node-,
Link-Failure.
Any-Cast Sources
IP: 1.1.1.1
Anycast-Source model for enhanced redundancy

SSM security & address-space efficiency proven architecture in
many 3Play production networks today
4.
Future Ready
L3
IP Mcast
Possibility to add/distribute video monitoring and error

concealment techniques easily
Cisco Networkers
Argentina 2008
L3-Core
IP Mcast
IP: 1.1.1.1
Cisco Public
41
H-VPLS for Video and IPTV

Key Characteristics and Issues
1.
VPLS
Complex Operations
H-VPLS = Complex, Limited

Scaling
Complex H-VPLS mesh
VRRP/HSRP
Troubleshooting challenges due to complexity of L3 / L2 /

VPLS / PWE3 multi-layer solution
L3 DR /
Querier
DR/Querier
Backup
Different unicast versus multicast topologies!

IGMP snooping across all Aggregation network
VRRP for redundancy
2.
L2 VSO
Sub-Optimal forwarding
L2 VSO
Static distribution tree with sub-optimal forwarding in link

failure conditions
Optimum Replication &

Load-balancing
Scale issues with centralized ARP and IGMP tables

Restricted scalability in terms of network nodes and
subscribers
Anycast
No on-path CAC possible
L3 VHO
L3 VHO
Resiliency
PIM SSM
Fast IGP
No source redundancy
H-VPLS L2 ring approach requires L3 GW to recover from

node failures, while all users are affected)
L3 VSO
Higher security risk due to large L2 domain with snoopingbased forwarding

Cisco Networkers
Argentina 2008
Cisco
Per link load-balancing with 802.3ad
3.
L2 VSO
L2 VSO
4
L3 VSO
L3 VSO
L3 VSO
Cisco Public
42
Why Is Admission Control

Essential for Video?
1. Per-service QoS for broadcast video and VOD
Network must deliver 10 -6 loss requirement to support video
QoE
Per-sub QoS for video through BRAS function not optimal
(not topology aware; does not take into account multicast
replication)
Per service QoS optimizes quality & operational efficiency
2. VOD connection admission control

Every link has queue dedicated to video, with a certain amount
of planned capacity
CAC will make sure that queue is never oversubscribed by
disallowing the VOD request that would oversubscribe the
queue if allowed to flow over the network
Cisco Networkers
Argentina 2008
Cisco Public
43
Ciscos Integrated Video CAC

1.
Integrated Video CAC approach combines two methods

On-path RSVP-CAC
topology aware, handles dynamic topology changes
DSCP based implementation eliminates scale challenges experienced with Intserv
Proven scale tested to 50-100.000 sessions with 500 set ups per second
Layer 3 required at PE-AGG to implement path-based CAC
Off-path CAC based on Broadband Policy Manager (BPM) for DSL line congestion
2.
3.
VOD stream will be denied if business rules of either fail

Prioritize blocking of Free VOD vs. Pay VOD in network failure scenarios
1 VOD Request
Deny or Admit
2
2 RSVP-CAC
6
5
2
BPM
BRAS
L3
L3
L3
Core
VoD Servers
L3
MPLS
PE
L3
PE-AGG DSLAM
N-PE
Cisco Networkers
Argentina 2008
Cisco Public
44
Why Is Multicast CAC Needed

Oversubscription on Aggregation Link to DSLAM
1. Sum of all multicast
channels > capacity
planned bandwidth
Simply Not Enough BW

for all the Triple Play Services
250-500 users per DLAM
2. Need to control
multicast replication
200-250 DLAMs per 7600
Per interface
DSLAM
E
1G
Per set of groups

Per content provider
10GE
1GE
PE
Cat7600
1G
E
DSLAM
DSLAM
Cisco Networkers
Argentina 2008
3. IOS feature: Mroute

state replication
Multicast CAC =
Handling Replication Limits
Cisco Public
45
Aggregation Network Models

Content Network
Business
Corporate
Aggregation
Node
Access
L2/3 Edge
Distribution
Node
Business
Corporate
Business
Corporate
Residential
Si
Ethernet
Access Node
Si
Aggregation Network
MPLS, Ethernet, IP
TV
SIP
BRAS
Si
Aggregation
Node
DSL
Access Node
VoD
Core
Network
IP / MPLS
SCE
Si
Distribution
Node
Si
Aggregation
Node
MPLS PE
Content Network
VoD
STB
TV
SIP
MPLS/IP Aggregation Transport Mechanisms
Same
Control
Plane !!
Distributed Services: IP, MPLS/Multicast VPNs

Centralised and Transparent Ethernet Services: EoMPLS, H-VPLS
Ethernet/IP Aggregation Transport Mechanisms

Distributed Services: IP, IP VRF-lite
Centralised and Transparent Ethernet Services: IEEE 802.1q, 802.1ad,
802.1ah (future)
Cisco Networkers
Argentina 2008
Cisco Public
46
Cisco Carrier Ethernet Design

Transforming Consumer and Business Services
iFrame Cache
Managed Business Services

(Storage, VoIP, Security)
VoD
VoIP
Video Broadcast
Application Layer
Subscriber
Edge
Portal
Subscriber and
Service Database
Authentication
and Billing
Broadband
Policy Manager
EMS and
Provisioning
Residential
Policy/Service Layer
Access
Edge Aggregation
Video/Voice L3
HSI/Business - MPLS
MSPP
STB
Cable
Business
CPE
DSL
Distributed:
L2 PW, L3VPN
IP Multicast
Ethernet
PE-Agg
Aggregation
PON
IP/MPLS Edge
IP/MPLS Core
BRAS
Centralized:
H-VPLS, L3VPN
IP Multicast
DPI
Ethernet
N-PE
Distribution
Mobile / WiMAX
MSE PE
CPE
Core
ETTx
Cisco Networkers
Argentina 2008
Cisco Public
47
From Design Principles to Implementation

One Carrier Ethernet Design
High Speed Internet (HSI)
RAN Backhaul
L3
L1 CES over Packet

Per Service QoS
Distribution of clock
BSC
L2 EoMPLS Backhaul
Per sub QoS
Central L3 and services
PPPoE & DHCP
VoD Servers
BRAS
Core
PE-AGG
N-PE
MSE
L2 VPN
L3 VPN
Video and Voice
L3 edge distributed for

efficient multicast and
resiliency
Virtualization via MPLS VPN
Per service QoS
Business VPN
L2 EoMPLS backhaul
Per sub QoS
Central or distributed services
(L3 VPN, L2 VPN, VPLS, FW)
Cisco Networkers
Argentina 2008
Cisco Public
HSI
VoD
Broadcast TV
Business VPN
RAN Backhaul
48
Next Generation Broadband Architecture

Why a *Real* BRAS Is Required?
Portal
Monitoring
Billing
Support
Support for
for TR-59/TR-101
TR-59/TR-101
based
business
based business models
models is
is
essential
essential for
for smooth
smooth migration
migration
to
to Ethernet
Ethernet architectures
architectures
Subscriber
Database
Identity
Address
Mgmt
Policy
Definition
Content Farm
Policy Control Plane (per subscriber)
PPP
PPP
AAA
Residential
AAA
Access
Edge
Aggregation
L2TP
L2TP for
for wholesale
wholesale
VOD
Cable
Single
Single point
point of
of session
session
management
and
management and configuration
configuration
ETTx
Support
// local
Support for
for distributed
distributed
local
BRAS
BRAS
Business
policy
policy definition
definition and
and
Aggregation Network
Corporate
enforcement
via
enforcement
via ISG
ISG ->
-> policypolicyDSL
MPLS/IP
manager
required
manager not
not always
always
required
Agg-node
Core Network
MPLS /IP
DPI
Residential
Content Farm
Dist-node
Easy
Easy migration
migration to
to Intelligent
Intelligent
Service
Gateway
(ISG)
Service
Gateway (ISG)
STB
DSL Access Node
IP
IP sessions
sessions
L3VPN PE
VOD
Cisco Networkers
Argentina 2008
SIP
Dist-node
STB
Support
Support for
for granular
granular Session
Session
control
accounting
control and
andPON
accounting
TV
Cisco Public
TV
SIP
49
Intelligent Services Gateway (ISG)

Many Services to Many Screens
OSS//BSS Radius
OSS
Enables
Enables
tailored
tailored
services
services
delivery
delivery
(PPP
(PPP +IP
+IP ;;
access
access
agnostic)
agnostic)
DHCP
Operational
Integration
Point
MultiDimensional
Identity
ISG
Dynamic
Personalized
Services
Subscriber
Subscriber
and/or
and/or
application
application
driven
driven
Cisco Networkers
Argentina 2008
Billing
Identity
IPTV/VoD
Broadband
Access
Gaming
Voice
Messaging
Music
Speed
Speed to
to
service
service
Integrated
Policy
Server
IP
Network
Network
Network
intelligence
intelligence
enables
enables
scalable
scalable
efficiency
efficiency
Cisco Public
50
ISG Policy and Control Plane

Open northbound interfaces:
RADIUS, CoA, XML
IP Routing
Protocols
1.
2.
Local policy execution

External policy retrieval and
enforcement
Authentication/Authorization/
Accounting
Identity Management (mxID)
Data plane provisioning
3.
ISA/ISG
Policy and Control Plane
Session logon/logoff
View Service List
Service logon/logoff
View Session status
View System messages
Feature Change
FIB
ACL
Subscriber Session
ACL
Flow
Feature
Feature
Feature
ACL
Data
4.
Flow
Network
Service
5.
Flow
Cisco Networkers
Argentina 2008
ISG provides a dynamic

interface for session
control
It binds the session
control plane with data
plane features and
functions
Northbound Dynamic
Session Interface
ISG features controllable

by RADIUS
Service polices including
traffic policies, L4
redirect, Subscriber ACL,
Idle Timer, Session
Timer, QoS,
Session/Service
Cisco Public
Accounting, Pre-paid
51
Carrier Ethernet
Aggregation :
Architectural
Approaches
Cisco Networkers
Argentina 2008
Cisco Public
52
Architectural Dimensions
Single-Edge
y
Unclustered
z
Centralized
Distributed
Clustered
Multi-Edge
Services
Single-Edge
Multi-Edge
Centralized
All services flow through single device,

located in a centralized PoP
Separate devices for various

services. Could be service specific
edge, or common per-subscriber PEP
but on multiple systems
Distributed
All services flow through a single device,

distributed in the architecture close to the
subscriber
Cisco Networkers
Some services are produced on

distributed devices, whereas other
services are produced centrally
Geographic
Argentina 2008
Cisco Public
53
Centralized Unclustered Single-Edge

Portal
Monitoring
Billing
Subscriber
Database
Identity
Address
Mgmt
Policy
Definition
Mobile
Access
Edge
Aggregation
L2 / Simple L3
Core
Content Farms
MSPP
Residential
Cable
DSL
VOD
TV
SIP
Aggregation Network
MPLS/IP
STB
Business
Core
Network
MPLS /IP
ETTx
Corporate
Residential
Integrated
Services
PON
STB
Internet
Cisco Networkers
Voice
Argentina 2008
VoD / TV
Business
Cisco Public
54
Centralized Clustered Single-Edge

Portal
Monitoring
Billing
Subscriber
Database
Identity
Address
Mgmt
Policy
Definition
Mobile
Access
Edge
Aggregation
L2 / Simple L3
MSPP
Core
Content Farms
Residential
Cable
DSL
Aggregation Network
MPLS/IP
STB
VOD
TV
SIP
Business
Core
Network
MPLS /IP
ETTx
Corporate
Residential
Integrated
Services
PON
STB
Internet
Voice
Cisco Networkers
Argentina 2008
VoD / TV
Business
Cisco Public
55
Centralized Unclustered Multi-Edge

Portal
Monitoring
Billing
Subscriber
Database
Identity
Address
Mgmt
Policy
Definition
Mobile
Access
Edge
Aggregation
L2 / Simple L3
Core
Content Farms
MSPP
Residential
Cable
VOD TV
SIP
DSL
STB
Aggregation Network
MPLS/IP
Business
ETTx
Corporate
BNG
Core
Network
MPLS /IP
DPI
Residential
PON
MSE
STB
Internet
Voice
Cisco Networkers
Argentina 2008
VoD / TV
Business
Cisco Public
56
Centralized Clustered Multi-Edge

Portal
Monitoring
Billing
Subscriber
Database
Identity
Address
Mgmt
Policy
Definition
Mobile
Access
Edge
Aggregation
L2 / Simple L3
Core
Content Farms
MSPP
Residential
Cable
VOD TV
SIP
DSL
STB
BNG
Aggregation Network
MPLS/IP
Business
ETTx
Core
Network
MPLS /IP
Corporate
DPI
Residential
PON
MSE
STB
Internet
Cisco Networkers
Argentina 2008
Voice
VoD / TV
Business
Cisco Public
57
Distributed Unclustered Single-Edge

Portal
Monitoring
Billing
Subscriber
Database
Identity
Address
Mgmt
Policy
Definition
Mobile
Access
Edge
Core
Content Farms
MSPP
Residential
Cable
DSL
VOD
TV
SIP
STB
Business
Core Network
MPLS /IP
ETTx
Corporate
Ethernet/MPLS/IP
Residential
PON
Integrated
Service
STB
Internet
Voice
Cisco Networkers
Argentina 2008
VoD / TV
Business
Cisco Public
58
Distributed Unclustered Single-Edge

Portal
Monitoring
Billing
Subscriber
Database
Identity
Address
Mgmt
Policy
Definition
Mobile
Access
Edge
Core
Content Farms
MSPP
Residential
Cable
DSL
VOD
TV
SIP
STB
Business
Core Network
MPLS /IP
ETTx
Corporate
Ethernet/MPLS/IP
Residential
PON
Integrated
Service
STB
Internet
Cisco Networkers
Voice
Argentina 2008
VoD / TV
Business
Cisco Public
59
Carrier Ethernet
Aggregation
System 1.5
Cisco Networkers
Argentina 2008
Cisco Public
60
Key Enhancements in CE Aggregation

1. Support of 40 Gbps / slot on main aggregation platforms
2. Support of both Centralized and Distributed BNG models
3. Increased scalability , up to 40 K EoMPLS PWs / node
4. EVC Model is available on more platforms ( C7600, C4500,
Next-gen Aggregation Platform
5. Full support of E-OAM protocol suites
6. Enhanced security on EVC-based aggregation ( MAC security,
storm control, L2 ACLs )
7. IPoDWDM integration for 10 GE
8. Better HA solutions with IP TE-FRR, REP, MST, mLACP, etc.
Cisco Networkers
Argentina 2008
Cisco Public
61
Carrier Ethernet Aggregation System
1.
2.
3.
4.
Residential SLAs Enforced at BNG. BNG can be centralized / distributed

Business Services Centralized at MSE / distributed on Agg. Nodes
Video Services Bypass BRAS/BNG
Access Agnostic Ethernet UNI Models
Cisco Networkers
Argentina 2008
Cisco Public
62
Flexible Ethernet UNI - EVC

Technology enabler of Carrier Ethernet Aggregation
Flexible VLAN tag matching, one EFP can
match
unique single or double VLAN tags
multiple or range or any single VLAN tag
unique outer VLAN tag with multiple or
range or any inner VLAN tags
default VLAN tag
Service instance/EFP
(Ethernet Flow Point)
Per VLAN egress H-QoS
Flexible Service Mapping

L3
L3
Flexible Flexible
VLAN
VLAN
Tag
tag
matching rewrite
H-QoS
per VLAN
VPLS
VPLS
EoMPLS
Local
Local connect
connect (P2P)
(P2P)
Local
Local Bridging
Bridging (MP)
(MP)
Flexible L2/L3 service mapping

One or groups of EFPs can be mapped to
same L2/L3 service, with split-horizon
Flexible VLAN tag manipulation
option between EFPs
Pop existing 1 or 2 VLAN tags
VLANs on the same physical ports can be
Push 1 or 2 new VLAN
tags
selectively mapped to different L2/L3
Cisco Networkers
Argentina
2008
VLAN tag translate
(1:1,
1:2, 2:2,2:1)
service Cisco Public
63
EVC Flexible Forwarding Model

L3
Support 16K P2P

xconnect service
Routing
L2/L3
EoMPLS PW
VPLS
Bridging
VLAN
pop
push
xlate
1:1, 2:2
1:2
Routing
EoMPLS PW
EoMPLS
Bridging
EoMPLS PW
L2, MP
X
EFPs:
VLAN
(802.1q
/QinQ)
P2P
Local Connect
Bridging
EFPs: VLAN
(802.1q/QinQ)
ES20, SIP-400
Split horizon
forwarding disabled
Cisco Networkers
Argentina 2008
Cisco Public
64
Intelligent Services Gateway

Technology enabler of Carrier Ethernet Aggregation
1.
Identifies sessions and service

flows
RADIUS
Portal
DHCP
Traffic classification for all access

architectures
Session and flow provides per user
granularity
2.
Dynamically assigns the session

to a configured QOS policy (MQC)
via Radius
3.
Establishes Virtual Route per

Session
4.
RADIUS / AAA
push/pull
Per Sub/Service
Accounting
Self-provisioning
/ Selfcare
Provides Policing, Access Control,

Accounting, via Radius Push/Pull
ISG
PPPoEoX
Authentication
Logon
L4R
IPoE
Internet
Change of Authorization (Policy

Push)
L4 re-direction
ISG
Sessions
Accounting details
5.
Limitations of SSG are removed

Cisco Networkers
E.g. mapping traffic to VRF, various

Argentina 2008
routing tables
Cisco Public
65
Retail Residential Services

(Centralized Multi Edge, Clustered / Unclustered)
HSI, VoIP
N:1, 1:1 VLAN models
Single PW per Aggregation Node

Ethernet UNI
EoMPLS
PW
EoMPLS
Pseudowire
Access Node UNI and connectivity models:
HSI IP service subnet
Non Trunk UNI, N:1 VLAN

Trunk (Multi VC) UNI, N:1 Service VLAN
IP Model
VoD, IPTV, VoIP
N:1 VLAN model
Trunk (Multi VC) UNI, 1:1 Internet Access VLAN

These models are the base line in TR-101 and
present in existing Access Nodes implementations
PIM and IGP control plane

IP unicast/multicast data plane
3Play IP service subnet

IP/MPLS NNI
MPLS/IP Model
VoD, IPTV, VoIP
N:1 VLAN model
VOD data plane: MPLS LSPs, signaled by LDP or RSVPTE in case MPLS-TE FRR protections is required
MPLS/IP data plane

VoD control plane: LDP, RSVP-TE
TV control plane: PIM, 2nd IGP
TV date plane: IP multicast over MPLS TE link protected

EoMPLS pseudowires
Efficient
Large Scale
Intelligent
Access
Aggregation
Edge
UNI
rnet
Ethe
Access Node
Distribution
Aggregation Node
BNG
Multiservice
Core
MPLS NNI
Eth
ern
et U
NI
Node
BNG
DSL, WiMAX, Ethernet
MPLS / IP
Cisco Networkers
Argentina 2008
PPP, IP, MPLS
Cisco Public
MPLS
66
Retail Residential Services

( Distributed Single Edge )
HSI, VoIP
N:1, 1:1 VLAN models
HSI IP service subnet
ISG Sessions
Ethernet UNI
EoMPLS
IP or PPPoEPseudowire
access. ISG is distributed
on the Aggregation Nodes
Access Node UNI and connectivity models:

Trunk (Multi VC) UNI, N:1 Service VLAN
IP Model
VoD, IPTV, VoIP
N:1 VLAN model
Trunk (Multi VC) UNI, 1:1 Internet Access VLAN

PIM and IGP control plane
IP unicast/multicast data plane
These models are the base line in TR-101 and

present in existing Access Nodes implementations

IP/MPLS NNI
MPLS/IP Model
VoD, IPTV, VoIP
N:1 VLAN model
MPLS/IP data plane

VoD control plane: LDP, RSVP-TE
TV control plane: PIM, 2nd IGP
Efficient
Large Scale
Access
Aggregation
VOD data plane: MPLS LSPs, signaled by LDP or RSVPTE in case MPLS-TE FRR protections is required
TV date plane: IP multicast over MPLS TE link protected
EoMPLS pseudowires
Multiservice
Core
MPLS NNI
Access Node
Distribution Node
Distributed Edge Node
MPLS
MPLS / IP
Cisco Networkers
Argentina 2008
Cisco Public
67

Residential Services Connectivity Overview
Ethernet or DSL Access Node
Aggregation Node
Routed DSL RG
N:1 VLAN
DHCP relay
IP unnumbered interface
Gateway for the specific Video
Application Subnet
Video Service Router

Function
Non Trunk UNI
BNG
Internet Service Router
802.1Q
Emulated bridge domain
Bridged DSL RG
Bridge Domain
Function
N:1 VLAN
VDSL, ADSL2+, 802.3

Ethernet or Single VC
PPPoE server
Default Gateway for the Internet Access
RG/appliances subnet
802.1Q
Mapping all subscriber services, aggregated by the Access Node in a

shared VLAN, providing to the Aggregation Network a shared VLAN with all
subscriber and services traffic
Common bridge domain with Split horizon forwarding and Subscriber Line
Identity through PPPoE Tag Line ID or DHCP Option 82
Default Route pointing to BNG, specific router pointing to Video Service
Router (through RG GUI, TR-69, DHCP Option 121)
Cisco Networkers
Argentina 2008
Cisco Public
68

Residential Services Aggregation Model
1.
The Aggregation Network receives a shared VLAN with all subscriber

and services traffic from the access network.
2.
Port-significant VLAN ids removed on ingress - POP TAG 10
3.
Routing AND bridging in a common N:1 VLAN
4.
VLAN id added on egress towards BNG

Gateway for VOD/IPTV
Ingress
POP TAG 10 symmetric
Ingress
IPoE TV, VoD
HSI IP/PPPoE
HSI IP/PPPoE
IGMP snooping
802.1Q [10]
802.1Q [100]
EoMPLS PW
Bridge domain 100
VFI
802.1Q [10]
IPoE TV, VoD
Ingress
20xGE
Access
2x10GE
Aggregation
Cisco Networkers
Argentina 2008
20xGE
2x10GE
Distribution
Cisco Public
BNG
69
Trunk UNI, N:1 Service VLAN

Residential Service Connectivity Overview
1.
Each VC or VLAN on the UNI maps a certain service or group of

services
2.
Per service VLAN with all users for that service onto that VLAN
3.
Split Horizon Forwarding, locally significant VLAN ids combined into a

per service Bridge Domains (N:1)
4.
Video routed (unnumbered) in Aggregation, other transported to

Distribution
Ethernet/WiMAX or DSL Access Node
Aggregation Node
Routed DSL RG
N:1 Service VLAN
Voice Service Router Function

Video Service Router Function
Trunk or Multi VC UNI

802.1Q
Bridge Domain
BNG
Emulated bridge domain
Function
Bridged DSL RG
ADSL, ADSL2+, 802.3

Multi VC or Trunk UNI
N:1 Service VLAN
802.1Q
Cisco Networkers
Argentina 2008
Gateways for the specific

Video/Voice Application Subnets
DHCP relay
Default Gateway for the Routed CPEs or

Appliances connected in the bridged RGs
PPPoE Server
DHCP relay
Cisco Public
70
Trunk UNI, N:1 Service VLAN

1.
Port-significant VLAN ids removed on ingress
2.
3.
4.
Some VLANs routed, other bridged

Common Bridge Domain allows to use single MPLS PW per Aggregation Node
VLAN id removed on egress towards BNG
Ingress
Ingress
802.1Q [12]
IPoE Voice
802.1Q [11]
IPoE TV, VoD
802.1Q [10]
HSI IP/PPPoE
VFI
802.1Q [100]
EoMPLS PW
802.1Q [10]
HSI IP/PPPoE
802.1Q [11]
IPoE TV, VoD
802.1Q [12]
IPoE Voice
Bridge domain 100
Ingress
20xGE
Access
2x10GE
Aggregation
Cisco Networkers
Argentina 2008
20xGE
2x10GE
Distribution
Cisco Public
BNG
71
Trunk UNI, 1:1 Internet Access VLAN

Residential Services Connectivity Overview
Ethernet or DSL Access Node
Trunk or Multi VC UNI
Routed DSL RG
Aggregation Node
Gateway for the specific Video

Application Subnets
DHCP relay
Video Service Router

Function
TV/VOD VC/VLAN
1:1 VLAN
HIS/Voice VC/VLAN
N:1 VLAN
EoMPLS PW
Bridged DSL RG
BNG
QinQ/802.1ad interface
1:1 VLAN
ADSL, ADSL2+, 802.3

Multi VC or Trunk UNI
1.
2.
3.
802.1Q
VLAN Rewrite/Tag
Function
Default Gateway for the Routed CPEs or

Appliances connected in the bridged RGs
DHCP relay,
PPPoE Server
Trunk UNI, 1:1 Internet Access VLAN considers DSL Multi VCs UNIs or DSL,
Ethernet 802.1q tagged UNI, one VC or VLAN being used for Internet Access
while the other is used for TV/VOD (and optionally for VoIP)
This models allows to migrate from a single/dual-play 1:1 scenario to a triple play
one WITH video optimisation
Different Bridge Domains:
N:1 VLAN for TV/VOD with Split Horizon forwarding in Access and Aggregation
1:1 VLAN for Internet Access/Voice)
4.
The Access Node multiplex the TV/VOD traffic in a shared VLAN and
provides to the Aggregation Network per subscriber VLANs for Internet
Access and a shared Cisco
VLAN
for TV/VoD.
Networkers
Argentina 2008
Cisco Public
72
Trunk UNI, 1:1 Internet Access VLAN

1. Internet Access 1:1 VLANs are selectively double-tagged (QinQ),
added to a Bridge Domain xconnected and tunnelled across a
single PW
2. TV/VOD N:1 VLAN routed in Aggregation of the network.
Ingress
PUSH TAG 100 symmetric
IPoE TV, VoD
802.1Q 10
HSI IP/PPPoE
802.1Q Range [11,1011]
Bridge Domain 1000
QinQ [[100, 200,], any]
EoMPLS PW
HSI IP/PPPoE
802.1Q Range [1,1011]

IPoE TV, VoD
802.1Q 10
Ingress
PUSH TAG 200 symmetric
20xGE
Access
2x10GE
Aggregation
Cisco Networkers
Argentina 2008
20xGE
2x10GE
Distribution
Cisco Public
BNG
73
Wholesale Services Deployments

PPPoE
HSI
L3 Handoff
L2TPv2
EoMPLS PW
EoMPLS PW
N:1, 1:1 VLAN
Ethernet UNI
MPLS VPN
PPPoE/IPoE
Ethernet UNI
EoMPLS Pseudowire
3Play
L3 Handoff
N:1 VLAN
RFC2547bis (Unicast &

Multicast) MPLS VPN
IPoE
MPLS VPN
MPLS NNI
N:1, 1:1 VLAN
P2P
L2 Handoff
P2P and MP
MPLS NNI
N:1 VLAN
IPoE
ISP peering point
MP
Ethernet UNI
Efficient
Access
Intelligent
Edge
Large Scale
Aggregation
Multiservice
Core
NI
et U
ern
Eth
MPLS NNI
BNG Ethernet UNI

Access Node
Agg-node
Dist-node
BNG
MPLS / IP
Cisco Networkers
Argentina 2008
IP, MPLS
Cisco Public
MPLS
74
Aggregation Network Service Edge

Business Ethernet Services Architecture
MPLS-VPN
Business
L3 VPN
Business
E-LAN
Business
E-LINE
Port, 1q, QinQ
H-VPLS
Port, 1Q, QinQ
MPLS NNI
EoMPLS
Port, 1Q, QInQ
Efficient
Access
Implements service
network forwarding and
access SLA enforcement
Intelligent
Edge
Large Scale
Aggregation
Multiservice
Core
MPLS NNI
Inter AS, PW switch
Access Node
Aggregation Node
Distribution Node
MPLS / IP
Cisco Networkers
Argentina 2008
IP, MPLS
Cisco Public
MPLS
75
MSE Service Edge

Business Ethernet Services
Aggregation Network implements a transport
function based on EoMPLS pseudowires
Business
L3 VPN
EoMPLS PW
Port, 1Q, QInQ
Ethernet
MPLS-VPN
QinQ
Ethernet UNI
Business
E-LAN
Business
E-LINE
Port, 1Q, QinQ
EoMPLS Pseudowire
EoMPLS PW
Ethernet
VPLS
QinQ
Ethernet
Port, 1Q, QinQ
Efficient
Access
MSE implements service

network forwarding and
access SLA enforcement
QinQ
Intelligent
Edge
Large Scale
Aggregation
Multiservice
Core
UNI
rnet
Ethe
MSE
Access Node
Eth
ern
et U
NI
Aggregation Node
Distribution Node
MSE
MPLS / IP
Cisco Networkers
Argentina 2008
IP, MPLS
Cisco Public
MPLS
76
VoD CAC
Aggregation Network Diffserv RSVP
Distribution Node
Interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/1.1
!Aggregation Trunk, 10Gb allocated for VoD;
stream 4Mb
ip rsvp bandwidth 10000000 4000
ip rsvp data-packet classification none
Aggregation Node
Interface VLAN 10
!DSLAM trunk, 250Mb allocated for VoD; stream 4Mb
ip rsvp bandwidth 250000 4000
ip rsvp listener outbound reply
ip rsvp data-packet classification none
1. STB HTTP GET(URL) requests VoD stream
3. RSVP PATH, VoD stream BW
RSVP Receiver Proxy CAC
4. RSVP RESV, VoD stream BW
2. RSVP PATH, VoD stream BW
5. RSVP RESV, VoD stream BW
RSVP Receiver CAC
6. HTTP 200 OK (Response to SETUP (URL))
Efficient
Large Scale
Access
Aggregation
Bandwidth Pool
VoD Servers
and Middleware
Bandwidth Pool
IP Unicast & Multicast PIM SSM

Access Node
Aggregation Node
DSL, Ethernet
Distribution Node
IP
MPLS or IP
Cisco Networkers
Argentina 2008
Cisco Public
77
TV Broadcast CAC on the

Access Node Interface
Multicast CAC Models
Single Mroute state
limits
Multiple Mroute state
limits
Cost factor Mroute
state limits
Single Mroute state

limits
Multiple Mroute state

limits
Cost factor Mroute

state limits
Limits the number of

different multicast
streams sent towards
the DSL Access Node
Limits the number of

multicast streams sent
towards DSLAM, per
TV programs bundles
Enables bandwidth
CAC control per TV
bundles or content
providers
Access UNI
IP Unicast & Multicast PIM SSM or
RFC2547bis (Unicast &Multicast) MPLS VPN
N:1 VLAN
Efficient
Large Scale
Intelligent
Access
Aggregation
Edge
Access Node
DSL, Ethernet
Aggregation Node
Core
Distribution Node
MPLS / IP
Cisco Networkers
Argentina 2008
Multiservice
PPP, IP, MPLS
Cisco Public
MPLS
78
QOS Model: Downstream

Residential Triple Play Services
Access
Aggregation
Edge
BRAS Shaped/Policed Rate = DSL train rate

Shaping
Queuing &
scheduling
Aggregate
DiffServ
Per access line DiffServ/

ATM or IEEE 802.1P COS
Marking
BNG
Policing
Per sub (PPPoE) H-QOS
Parent Shaper
Child Diffserv scheduler
Marking COS
IPoE sessions can only be
Aggregate policed on aggregate
Scheduling
R*
R*
DiffServ
VoD ucast
IPTV mcast
R*
Core Node
Residential
BNG
R*
R* Point of Replication
STB
CPE
Access Node
Aggregation Node
Cisco Networkers
Argentina 2008
VOD TV
Distribution Node
Cisco Public
Core Node
79

MSE L2/L3 VPN Services
Access
Aggregate
DiffServ
Shaping
Queuing &
scheduling
Edge
Aggregation
MSE Shaped Rate = DSL train rate
Marking
Policing
Scheduling
Default class based

queuing policy, to
minimize delay and
jitter for Voice/Video
MSE
Per QinQ UNI HQOS parent shape,
child Diffserv
scheduling, marking
and policing
Access Interface
Business
Corporate
CPE
Access Node
Aggregation Node
Cisco Networkers
Argentina 2008
Distribution Node
Cisco Public
MSE
80

Aggregation Network L2/L3 VPN Services
Access
Shaping
Queuing &
scheduling
Edge
Aggregation
Per subscriber service
instance, hierarchical
OQS with parent
shaper and child
queuing, policing and
marking
Default class based

queuing policy, to
minimize delay and
jitter for Voice/Video
Marking
Aggregate
DiffServ
Policing
Scheduling
Shaped Rate = Access Line Rate
Access Interface
Aggregation Node
Business
Corporate
CPE
Access Node
Aggregation Node
Cisco Networkers
Argentina 2008
Distribution Node
Cisco Public
Core Node
81
Baseline Network Availability

Mechanism
1.
IP Services:
Fast IGP/BFD convergence
Multicast fast convergence
2.
MPLS Services:
Pseudowire redundancy
MPLS TE-FRR Link and Node protection with IP services, PW/VPLS PW tunnel selection
3.
MPLS/IP Services use a combination of MPLS TE-FRR and fast

IGP/PIM convergence
Efficient
Large Scale
Intelligent
Access
Aggregation
Edge
Multiservice
Core
BNG
Access Node
Aggregation Node
Distribution Node
MSE
DSL, Ethernet
MPLS / IP
Cisco Networkers
Argentina 2008
PPP, IP, MPLS
Cisco Public
MPLS
82
Residential Services
Active/Backup Aggregation Node Redundancy
PPPoE sessions
W
LS P
EoMP
VLAN 10
VLAN 10
EoMP
LS PW
VLAN 10
20xGE
Access
2x10GE
Aggregation
Cisco Networkers
Argentina 2008
20xGE
2x10GE
Distribution
Cisco Public
BNG
83
Active/Active Aggregation Node Redundancy
PPPoE sessions
W
LS P
EoMP
VLAN 10
VFI
VLAN 10
EoMP
LS P
W
20xGE
Access
2x10GE
Aggregation
Cisco Networkers
Argentina 2008
20xGE
2x10GE
Distribution
Cisco Public
BNG
84
Active/Backup Access Node Redundancy
Aggregation Node
VRRP/HSRP
PPPoE sessions
EoMPLS PW
EoMPLS PW
Ac
tiv
eU
pli
nk
1
VLAN 10
BNG
PPPoE load sharing

up
ck
Ba
k
lin
Up
EoMPLS PW
VLAN 10
20xGE
Access
2x10GE
Aggregation
Cisco Networkers
Argentina 2008
20xGE
2x10GE
Distribution
Cisco Public
BNG
85
Active/Active Access Node Redundancy

Aggregation Node
VRRP/HSRP
STP
Root
PPPoE sessions
EoMPLS PW
EoMPLS PW
EoMPLS PW
VLAN 10
BNG
PPPoE load sharing
X
MST/RST
Native VLAN
EoMPLS PW
VLAN 10
20xGE
Access
2x10GE
Aggregation
Cisco Networkers
Argentina 2008
20xGE
2x10GE
Distribution
Cisco Public
BNG
86
ETTH/WiMAX Access Rings Redundancy
ETTH STP Node
Blocked
PORT
Aggregation Node
VRRP/HSRP
PPPoE sessions
VFI
EoMPLS PW
STP
Root
EoMPLS PW
ETTH STP Node
EoMPLS PW
N:1 VLAN [10 ]
BNG
PPPoE load sharing
MST/RST
Native VLAN
VFI
EoMPLS PW
ETTH STP Node
2x10GE
Access
2x10GE
Aggregation
Cisco Networkers
Argentina 2008
20xGE
2x10GE
Distribution
Cisco Public
BNG
87
MPLS/IP TV Broadcast Service High Availability
PIM/SSM Routing with Fast Convergence + BFD for fast failure
detection 300 ms node failure recovery
EoMPLS PW
TR-FRR 50 ms link
failure recovery
MPLS/IP Aggregation Network

any physical topology
EoMPLS PWs with TE-FRR link protection
interface vlan 100

xconnect 10.0.0.3 101 encapsulation mpls
ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
20xGE
Access
2x10GE
AggregationCisco Networkers
Argentina 2008
20xGE
2x10GE
Distribution
Cisco Public
Core
88
Summary
Cisco Networkers
Argentina 2008
Cisco Public
89
System Components Overview

Network Access, Network Management, Service Management, OAM Subsystems
ANA 4.1 (Alice Springs + CE Assurance Manager), CNR, BAC
CPEs
Access Nodes
Aggregation Node
Distribution Node
Edge Nodes
DSL
Res: Linksys WAG310G
ADSL2+
Cisco 7604, 7609S

RSP720
Cisco 7609S
Cisco ASR-1000
RP1/RP2
Res: SA DDR2200
Bus: ISR x800
Ethernet
Res: Genexis
Bus: ISR x800,
ISAM 7302
RSP720
ES40
ES40
Ethernet
ME-3400E
Software
12.2(33)SRD
Cat 4500E
ME-X45-SUP6-E
ESP10/ESP20
Software
Cisco 12400
12.2(33)SRD
PRP2
SIP600/601
ME-X4624-SFP-E
Bus: ME3400
PON
Wave 7
Customer
Premises
Large Scale
Aggregation Network
Efficient
Access Network
Intelligent
Services Edge
BNG
CPE
Access Node
Aggregation Node
Distribution Node
MSE
DSL, PON Ethernet
Cisco Networkers
Argentina 2008
MPLS/IP over DWDM
MPLS/IP over DWDM

Core
Cisco Public
90
Ciscos Carrier Ethernet Approach

Build IP Clouds, Tunnel Where Necessary
Portal
Monitoring
Billing
Mobile
Subscriber
Database
Identity
Address
Mgmt
Policy
Definition
J
Policy Control Plane
Residential
Access
Edge/Aggregation
Edge
BSC
RNC
CEoIP
PSTN
WIMAX
SBC
STB
Business
DSL
Corporate
CEoIP
MPLS/IP
IPTV routed
HSI/Business MPLS
PW
BRAS
MPLS/IP
DPI
Residential
ETTx
IP
MSE
SBC
PON
STB
Aggregation
Cisco Networkers
Argentina 2008
Distribution
VOD
Cisco Public
TV
SIP
91
Video Quality Enablers

Content Delivery System
Consistent Resiliency
Programming
Link in
metro
Impact
L2
L3
VSO
Node
50K
50ms
<1s
10K
2-3s
<1s
VHO
Node
100K
~2-3s
<1s
Source
at SHE
1M
~2-3s
<1s
Integrated Video CAC

RSVP based (Topology Aware)
Internet
Vault
Arrays
Streamer
Arrays
Streamer
Arrays
Visual Quality Experience

Video Error Concealment
Fast Channel Change
33
44
22
11
VAM
RSVP
VQE
Appliance
Cisco Networkers
Argentina 2008
Cisco Public
92
Future Path to Distributed Services

Drivers for More Clouds and Less Circuits
1.
Reduction of CAPEX and OPEX
100-200K
Subs
Single provisioning point for all services (L2/L3)

Common converged infrastructure
Bandwidth Efficiency
2.
MPLS/IP
Scale
Integration & Distribution = Scale
3.
Single Point
of Scale
Enhanced resiliency
Automated rerouting, no need for interbox
redundancy (VRRP)
Evolution to zero-loss video failover (0 ms)
4.
Monitoring, control, billing of future

services
Centralized BRAS/PE
8-24K
Subs
Video 2.0: P2P legal distribution model

Local content injection
5.
MPLS/IP
Distributed
Points
of Scale
However SP Org. structures will be

diverse
Cisco supports circuit and cloud models
Organizational consolidation may lead to acceptance
for cloud network configuration
Trend started in challengers and some ILECs
Cisco Networkers
followed
Argentina 2008
Distributed Residential 3Play
Cisco Public
93
Distributed Residential Services Edge

Target Architecture Overview
Mobile
Build Clouds,
Not Circuits for
Ultimate Scale
and Efficiency
Carrier Ethernet
Foundation for
Flexibility and
Convergence
Access
Edge/Aggregation
Residential
Integrate SEF
Intelligence
with Network
Layer
Edge/Core
MSPP
Cable
STB
Business
DSL
Corporate
Residential
MPLS/IP
MPLS/IP
ETTx
PON
STB
PE/P
CEoIP
IMS
ISG
Video
PE/P
Residential Edge
/ Aggregation
Cisco Networkers
Argentina 2008
Business Edge /
Core
Cisco Public
94
IPoDWDM in the Aggregation Network

IPoDWDM linecard with pluggable optics
Transponder
Integrated into 7600
DWDM
G.709/FEC
CRS
7600
7600
7600
ROADM
IPoDWDM 40G with Ethernet Services:

4x10GE and 2x10GE based on ES+40
G.709/FEC/OAM Capability
DFC Version 3CXL
Supported on all existing 7600 chassis
XFP Pluggable DWDM Optics
Cisco Networkers
Argentina 2008
Cisco Public
95
IEEE 802.1ah Service Aggregation Model

E-LAN service instance:
EVPLAN: Local, Access Network C-VLAN
EPLAN: Local Port, Access Network S-VLAN
Integrated Edge Node provides:
H-VPLS with 802.1ah IB-BEB MAC tunneling with each ELAN
mapped in a different ISID, all ELAN access EFPs in the same
C-MAC bridge
VPLS auto discovery
EPLAN: Port
Classify default
EPLAN: QinQ Access
Classify S-VLAN
Ingress Pop S-VLAN symmetric
EVPLAN: 802.1q Access
Classify C-VLAN
Ingress Pop C-VLAN symmetric
802.1q or QinQ
802.1q or QinQ
C-MAC
BD2
VFI
B-MAC
BD
C-MAC
BD2
20xGE
Access
VFI
ISID-1
ISID-1
802.1q or QinQ
802.1q or QinQ
The Distribution Node provides

H-VPLS, connecting the Integrated Edge
Node access pseudowires
VPLS auto discovery
H-VPLS Transport
VPLS PW
ISID-2
ISID-2
2x10GE
Cisco Networkers
Aggregation
Argentina 2008
20xGE
2x10GE
Distribution
Cisco Public
Core 96
Residential Services Architecture

VPLS+802.1ah Carrier Ethernet Transport
The Service Edge may be located in a different POP.
The transport services are extended over the Core Network.
SP: VPLS/BVLAN Instance
Access Node: ISID Instance
Trunk or
IP unicast
Non Trunk UNI

MVR
N:1 or 1:1 VLANs
802.1ah over
H-VPLS Transport
MVR
Core+MSE
BNG
MPLS/IP Transport with

IP multicast or P2MPTE or MVPN MLDP
802.1ad NNI
MVR
N:1 VLAN
IP Multicast
Efficient Access
Network
Core+MSE
BNG
Large Scale
Aggregation Network
Intelligent
Service Edge
Multiservice
Core
802.1ah into VPLS

Access Node
DSL, PON, Ethernet
Aggregation Node
Distribution Node
802.1ah
over MPLS (VPLS)
Cisco Networkers
Argentina 2008
BNG
MPLS/IP
Cisco Public
Core+MSE
MPLS/IP
97
Business Services Architecture

VPLS+802.1ah Carrier Ethernet Transport
ISID for Access Node
L3VPN subscribers
ISID for ELINE service

MPLS VPN
MVR
802.1ad NNI
MSE
MVR
MPLS/IP Transport
H-VPLS Transport
E-LAN VPN
802.1ad NNI
MVR
MPLS VPN
MSE
ISID for ELAN service
Efficient Access
Network
Large Scale
Aggregation Network
Intelligent
Service Edge
Multiservice
Core
802.1ah into VPLS
Access Node
DSL, PON, Ethernet
Aggregation Node
802.1ah over MPLS (VPLS)

Cisco Networkers
Argentina 2008
Core + MSE
Distribution Node
MPLS/IP
Cisco Public
MPLS/IP
98
Summary
1.
Ciscos vision is all services to all screens
2.
Step one on this journey is to get foundation IPTV delivery right
3.
Two fundamental service categories that Cisco recommends to be

treated differently
Transport defined services (TDS): internet access, business/wholesale services
Managed applications services (MAS) : video, (voice)
4.
Cisco IP multicast is key technology for efficient delivery of IPTV
5.
To deliver on expected user experience for MAS

Need CAC + per-service QoS with 10-6 loss for video
Need layer 3 distributed edge for efficient transport, consistent resiliency, to enable pathbased CAC
6.
Ciscos IP NGN service optimized network layer can provide this

solution today
7.
Future developments:
Architectural convergence via IPoDWDM
Better MAC scalability via 802.1ah-based aggregation
Going into the Distributed Single-edge direction
Cisco Networkers
Argentina 2008
Cisco Public
99
Q and A
Cisco Networkers
Argentina 2008
Cisco Public
10
0
Recuerde siempre
1.
2.
Apagar su telfono celular mientras dure la sesin.
Completar su evaluacin y entregarla a la asistente de sala.
3. Ser puntual en todas las actividades de entrenamiento,

almuerzos y eventos sociales para lograr un desarrollo ptimo
de la agenda.
4. Completar la evaluacin general incluida en su material y

entregarla el mircoles 12 de Noviembre durante la tarde.
Cisco Networkers
Argentina 2008
Cisco Public
10
1
MUCHAS GRACIAS !!!!!
Recuerde Completar su Formulario de Evaluacin !

Cisco Networkers
Argentina 2008
Cisco Public
10
2
Cisco Networkers
Argentina 2008
Cisco Public
10
3

Arquitecturas de Acceso Multiservicio

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Arquitecturas de Acceso Multiservicio

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Cisco Networkers

2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Carrier Ethernet Aggregation

2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Apagar su telfono celular mientras dure la sesin.

Completar su evaluacin y entregarla a la asistente de sala.

3. Ser puntual en todas las actividades de entrenamiento,

4. Completar la evaluacin general incluida en su material y

2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

3. Aggregation Network Vision and Requirements

4. Aggregation Network Transport Options

5. Aggregation Network Architectural Views

6. Carrier Ethernet Aggregation System 1.5

2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

The Connected Life

Watch TV on Train, Program

EveningHome and About Town

Find Childs GPS

2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Watch Shows on Demand,

Customer Profiles & Traffic Mix is

New Demands, New Opportunities

Source: Cisco Estimates, Ovum, Bernstein, Public Company Data

2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Service Innovation Is Key to

Open service delivery

2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

IP NGN Carrier Ethernet

2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

SP Network Evolution and Consolidation

L1/L2/L3 Services via IP/MPLS

Evolution not revolution

2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

IP NGN: Converged Topology

Basic high Speed

Flexible injection and serviceCiscopoints

2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

An Architecture for Ethernet Aggregation of DSL Access Nodes

2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

DSL Beyond Best Effort ?

2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

TR-101 Scope and Content

Use of a video optimised Service Router

QoS in the Ethernet Aggregation Network

VLAN Architecture: VLAN per User (1:1)

2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

3. Network elements take care

2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Ethernet Aggregate QoS Within the

Voice (Priority Queue with policing

Work preserving scheduler

Per class scheduling within access/Aggregation network

Per class scheduling essential when separate video BNG is deployed

2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

DSLAM Packet Scheduling

5. Service priority using

2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Ciscos TR-101 Architecture

2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Ciscos TR-101 Architecture

2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Ciscos TR-101 Architecture

Carrier Ethernet Service Router (L1, L2, L3)