Advanced Masonry Structures

Year 1 sem 2
Location : Constanta
ag := 0.20g
Height: P+3
hf := 2.8 m
I. CHECKINGS
1. Wall density checking:
Location : Constanta
ag := 0.20g

Transv ersal : Pt=7.579 % > 6.0 %

ok

Height: P+3

Longitudinal : Pl=6.23 % > 6.0 %

ok

argila arsa gr 1 si 2
2

Ab := 209 m
Transv ersal

Wall Areas:

T3 := 1.30 m

T4 := 1.30 m

T1 := 1.36 m
T2 := 1.36 m

2
2
2

At := 2 T1 + 2 T2 + 6 T3 + 2 T4 = 15.84 m
Pt :=

At 100
Ab

= 7.579 %

Longitudinal
Wall Areas:

L6 := 0.84 m

L7 := 0.84 m

L8 := 0.91 m

L9 := 0.84 m

L1 := 0.84 m
L2 := 0.91 m
L3 := 0.84 m
L4 := 0.84 m

2
2
2
2

L5 := 0.91 m

Al := 2 L1 + 2 L2 + L3 + 2 L4 + 2 L5 + L6 + 2 L7 + 2 L8 + L9 = 13.02m
Pl :=

Al 100
Ab

= 6.23 %

2. Wall Ration Checking:

Exterior walls : p=1.00 - ok

Ax A: Pa :=

0.49

Pf :=

Ax 1:

P1 :=

Ax 1':

P1' :=

Ax 3':

P3' :=

Ax 3:

= 0.232

2.60 0.49

Ax F:

P3 :=

Interior walls : p=0.35 - ok

0.49
2.60 0.49

= 0.232

0.34 4
1.75 2 0.34 4
0.25
0.84 0.25
0.52
1.84 0.52
0.34
0.84 0.34

0.23

Ax B: Pb :=
Ax C: Pc :=

= 0.636

2.66 0.23
0.45
2.60 0.45

Ax D: Pd :=

= 0.424

= 0.394

0.45
2.60 0.45

Ax E:

Pe :=

Ax 2:

P2 :=

0.68
4.34 0.68

= 0.68

Ceramic blocks Porotherm 25:

daN
3

Mortar M5095 l/m3 > 0.095 l*1800 kg/m3 = 171 kg/m3

daN
3

Plaster
3 := 2000
Total :

daN
3

w := 850 0.25 + 171 0.25 + 2000 0.02 = 295.25

Carpentry Self Weight: c := 60

daN
3

= 0.209

0.23

1. Unit weights of the structual elements:

2 := 171

= 0.209

2.66 0.23

II. Calculus of loads and their grouping

1 := 850

= 0.095

daN
3

= 0.095

= 0.186

Self Weight of the Stair:

Self Weight of the Roof:

st := 60

daN

r := 130

daN

2. Permanent loads:
I. Total Weight of the structural elements per level:
a') WEIGHT OF THE WALL per level Ww :
Openings + Area of the wall:
Transv ersal: T1 := 1.46 2.67 = 3.898

m. c.
OT1 := 0.34 1.2 = 0.408

T2 := 1.45 2.67 = 3.871

OT2 := 0

T3 := 1.46 2.67 = 3.898

OT3 := 0.22 2.1 = 0.462

T4 := 1.46 2.67 = 3.898

OT4 := 0.15 1.2 = 0.18

Total Volume of the Walls T: Vt := T1 + T2 + T3 + T4 OT1 OT2 OT3 OT4 = 14.516

Total Volume of the Openings T: Vot := OT1 + OT2 + OT3 + OT4 = 1.05
Longitudinal:

L1 := 0.93 2.67 = 2.483

OL1 := 0.9 0.25 2.1 + 0.45 1.2 0.25 = 0.608

L2 := 1.00 2.67 = 2.67

OL2 := 0.9 0.25 2.1 + 0.45 1.2 0.25 = 0.608

L3 := 0.96 2.67 = 2.563

OL3 := 0.25 1.2 = 0.3

L4 := 0.93 2.67 = 2.483

OL4 := 0.22 2.1 = 0.462

L5 := 0.97 2.67 = 2.59

OL5 := 0

L6 := 0.9 2.67 = 2.403

OL6 := 0.22 2.1 = 0.462

L7 := 0.96 2.67 = 2.563

OL7 := 1.35 1.2 0.25 = 0.405

L9 := 0.84 2.67 = 2.243

OL9 := 1.2 1.35 0.25 = 0.405

L8 := 0.92 2.67 = 2.456

OL8 := 1.05 1.2 0.25 = 0.315

Vl := L1 + L2 + L3 + L4 + L5 + L6 + L7 + L8 + L9

Total Volume of the Walls L:

Vl := Vl OL1 OL2 OL3 OL4 OL5 OL6 OL7 OL8 OL9

Vl = 18.891
Total Volume of the Openings L: Vol := OL1 + OL2 + OL3 + OL4 + OL5 + OL6 + OL7 + OL8 + OL9
Vol = 3.564
a'') Computation of the weight of the wall Ww:
Www :=

( Vt w + Vl w )

= 98.634 kN

Wwo :=

( Vot c + Vol c )

= 2.768 kN

100

100

Ww := Www + Wwo = 101.402 kN

b) Total Weight of the SLABS Ws :

daN

s := 325 + 20 + 120 = 465

- the unfolde area of the slab on one floor

2

As := 228 m

ts := 0.13 As
m
Ws := s ts
= 137.826
100

kN

c) Total Weight of the STAIRS Wst :

The unfolded area of the stairs Ast:
2

Ast := 6.60 m
Wst := st

Ast

= 3.96

100

kN

d) Total Weight of the ROOF Wr :

The unfolded area of the roof:
2

Asr := 220.6 m
Wr := Asr

100

= 286.78 kN

II. Total weight of the structural element in entire building with the height P+3 - Wb
a) permanent loads :

Wg := 4 Ww + 3 Ws + 3 Wst + Wr = 1.118 10

kN

b) variable loads:
kN
qu := 1.5
2
m
Wu := qu As = 342

kN

III. Base shear force:

a) Mass of each level
Wp := Ww + Ws + Wst + Wu = 585.188

kN

Ws1 := Ww + Ws + Wst + Wu = 585.188 kN

Ws2 := Ws1 = 585.188

kN

Ws3 := Ww + Ws + Wr + Wu = 868.008
m
g := 9.81
2
s

kN

m1 :=

Wp

m2 :=

Ws1

m3 :=

Ws2

m4 :=

Ws3

= 59.652
= 59.652
= 59.652
= 88.482

mt := m1 + m2 + m3 + m4 = 267.439
b) Base shear force
1e := 1
c := 1e

0 := 2.5

:= 0.85

0 ag

= 0.187
q
g

Fb := c mt 9.81 = 490.608

kN

:= 0.88

q := 2

ag := 0.20g

c) Seismic force of a level

F1 :=

F2 :=
F3 :=
F4 :=

m1 hf
m1 hf + m2 hf + m3 hf + m4 hf

m2 hf
m1 hf + m2 hf + m3 hf + m4 hf
m3 hf
m1 hf + m2 hf + m3 hf + m4 hf
m4 hf
m1 hf + m2 hf + m3 hf + m4 hf

Fb = 109.43

kN

Fb = 109.43

kN

Fb = 109.43

kN

Fb = 162.317

kN

d) Overturning moment at ground level:

M0 := F1 hf + F2 hf + F3 hf + F4 hf = 1.374 10

kN

3. Distribution of level seismic force to the walls:

It considered that the rigidity center coincides with the gravity one --> Eox=Eoy=0
a) Accidental eccentricities:
Eax = +/- 0.05 Lx

Eay = +/- 0.05 Ly

b) Total eccentricities:
Exmax = Eox + Eax = +/-0.05Lx
Eymax = Eoy + Eay = +/-0.05Ly
Lx := 9.425 m
Ly := 5.825 m
Exmax := 0.05 Lx = 0.471 m
Eymax := 0.05 Ly = 0.291 m
c) Torsion moment:
Mtxmax := Exmax Fb = 231.199
Mtymax := Eymax Fb = 142.89

kNm
kNm

d) Distribution of shear forces:

- Transversal direction:
From translation (displacement):
Fit = iT*Fb
Fit = (Xcr-Xi)*Rit*
= Mtxmax/(K/R)
- Longitudinal direction:
From translation (displacement):
Fit = iL*Fb
Fit = (Ycr-Yi)*Rit*
= Mtymax/(K/R)
e) Distribution of skew bending moment between walls:
Mi = (Ri/ Ri)*M0
4. Vertical Loads on Structural Walls:
a. Load on unit leght of the wall:
- current floor
qGF := 1.35

Wg
Asr

+ 1.50

Wu
Asr

- current floor qsn := 2.00

= 9.166

kN
2

m
kN
2

(snow load)

m
qGF := 1.35

Wg
Asr

+ 1.05

Wu
Asr

+ 1.5 qsn = 11.468

b. Vertical Load on Slab

qG,F=1,35 DL + 1,05 LL + 1,5 SL

kN
2

c. Dead Load on Walls :

Gwall=Awallxqwall;
Glevel=Gslab +Gwall;
G2F=G3F+Glevel;
G1F=G2F+Glevel;
GGF=G1F+Glevel;
d. Compressive stresses at the most loaded level:
0,3F = G3F/Awall
0,2F = G2F/Awall
0,1F = G1F/Awall
0,GF = GGF/Awall
5. Compressive Strenght with Bending:
a. Design Strenght to Bending of Ideal Section of Unreinforced Masonry MRd (ZNA):
Rd = NEd/(0.75*fd*t)=1.333*(d/fd)*lw=1.333*sd*lw;
MRd = NEd/2*(lw-Rd);
Masonry blocks - Porotherm 25 : M=1.90
fk = 3.25 N/mm2
b. Design Strenght to Bending of Reinforcement from Reinforced Concrete MRd(ZC):
S2 : 25x25cm --> 414 (cm2 )
MRd(ZC) = lc*AR*fyd
fyd = 300 N/mm2
lc = lw - lcol
c. Design Strenght to Bending Associated to Axial Load NEd:
MRd = MRd(ZNA) + MRd(ZC)
d. Verification of Compressive Strenght with Bendig:
MRd >= MEb ---> check --> the verification of compressive strenght with bending is
made for the entire building (MRd > MEb)