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JOB No.

O2001

TOTAL NO. OF PAGES


NAME SIGN

TITLE :
DATE

DSGN

MKN

28.01.02

Design Calculations - Pile Foundation

CHKD

MKN

28.01.02

(500mm dia Driven Cast-in-situ Pile)

APPD

NRKR

28.01.02

DOC. No.

RELEASED FOR

PRELIMINARY

TENDER

INFORMATION

APPROVAL

CODE
IS

CONSTRUCTION

REV.
A

PROJECT:

DOCUMENT NO.

DATE

O2001-S-FB-FD-DC-0001
TITLE :

Pile foundation

DESIGNED

MKN

CHECKED

24.01.2002
PAGE

MKN

0.0 DESIGN APPROACH:

The basic approach used for calculation of bearing capacity is "static" approach.
The concept of separate evaluation of shaft friction and base resistance forms
the basis of the "static" calculation. The basic equation is,
Qu = Qe + Qf
Where,
Qu = Ultimate pile compression resistance
Qe = Ultimate end bearing resistance
Qf = Ultimate skin friction resistance

1.0 PILE DATA:


Type of Pile

Driven cast-in-situ

Location

Design soil profile

Size

Founding depth

21 m below NGL

Pile cut-off level

1 m below NGL

500 dia

2.0 CODE OF PRACTICES:


IS: 2911 (Part1)- 1979 Code of practice for Design and Construction of Pile foundation
IS: 2131 - 1981 Method for Standard Penetration test for soils
IS: 6403 - 1981 Code of practice for determination of bearing capacity of shallow foundation
IS: 456 - 2000 Code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete

PROJECT:

DOCUMENT NO.

DATE

O2001-S-FB-FD-DC-0001
TITLE :

Pile foundation

DESIGNED

MKN

CHECKED

MKN

3.0 SOIL PROFILE:


Based on the soil data furnished in the report following
design bore log is arrived for the design of pile foundation.

0.00m
RECENT FILL OF

1.80

30

SILTY FINE SAND

VERY SOFT CLAYEY SILT


WITH ORGANIC MATTERS

Cu, t/m2 =

1.0

, t/m3 =

1.8

Cu, t/m2 =

6.5

, t/m3 =

1.8

12.00

MEDIUM STIFF CLAYEY


SILT

19.00

DENSE SILTY FINE SAND

=
, t/m3 =

30.00m

35
1.8

24.01.2002
PAGE

PROJECT:

DOCUMENT NO.

DATE

O2001-S-FB-FD-DC-0001
TITLE :

Pile foundation

DESIGNED

MKN

CHECKED

24.01.2002
PAGE

MKN

4.0 PILE VERTICAL CAPACITY:


4.1 Skin friction Resistance:
Qf = K * Pdi * Tan * Asi
Layer I (1.0 to 1.8m):
As the soil is filled up & resting on soft clay drag force will be
generated on the pile in the layer I and layer II

Type of soil

Layer thickness

Angle of internal friction ()

30 deg

Ave. overburden pressure (Pdi)

2
0.32 t/m

Tan = Tan

Surface area (Asi)

Coefficient of earth pressure, K

Skin friction in Layer I (QfI)

= K*Pdi*Tan*Asi
=

SILTY FINE SAND

0.80 m

0.577
1.26 m2
1.5

-0.3 t

Layer II (1.8 to 12.0m)


Type of soil

Layer thickness

Undrained cohesion, Cu

VERY SOFT CLAYEY SILT WITH ORGANIC MATTERS

10.20 m
1.0 t/m2

Surface area (Asi)

16.02 m2

Skin friction in Layer II (Qf2)

= *Cu*Asi
=

-16.0 t

PROJECT:

DOCUMENT NO.

DATE

O2001-S-FB-FD-DC-0001
TITLE :

Pile foundation

DESIGNED

CHECKED

MKN

Layer III (12.0 to 19.0m):


Type of soil

Layer thickness

Undrained cohesion, Cu

6.5 t/m2

0.4

Surface area (Asi)

11.00 m2

Skin friction in Layer III (Qf3)

= *Cu*Asi

MEDIUM STIFF CLAYEY SILT

7.00 m

28.6 t

Layer IV (19.0 to 25.0m):


Type of soil

Layer thickness

Angle of internal friction ()

35 deg

Ave. overburden pressure (Pdi)

8.0 t/m2

Tan = Tan

Surface area (Asi)

Coefficient of earth pressure, K

Skin friction in Layer IV (QfI)

= K*Pdi*Tan*Asi

Ultimate skin friction (Qf)

DENSE SILTY FINE SAND

2.00 m

0.700
3.14 m2
2.5

44.0 t

56.2 t

4.2 End bearing Resistance:


End Bearing resistance in Granular Soils (Qe),
Qe = Ap (0.5 * D * * N + Pd * Nq)

MKN

24.01.2002
PAGE

PROJECT:

DOCUMENT NO.

DATE

O2001-S-FB-FD-DC-0001
TITLE :

Pile foundation

DESIGNED

MKN

Founding Depth from NGL

35 deg

= 20 x 0.5 x 0.8
=

Area of cross section of pile at toe (Ap)

MKN

21 m

Angle of Internal friction at founding depth =


Ave. overburden pressure at pile toe (Pd)

CHECKED

8.0 t/m2

0.1963 m2

Nq

58

48

Dia of Pile (D)

0.5 m

Effective unit weight of soil ()

0.8 t/m3

Ultimate end bearing resistance, Qe

= Ap (0.5 * D * * N + Pd * Nq)

Bearing Capacity Factors

93.0 t

4.3 Safe Load Capacity of Pile:


Total ultimate bearing capacity of pile (Qu) = Qf + Qe
=

149.2 t

Self weight of pile (Wp)

5.9 t

Factor of Safety (FOS)

= 2.5

Safe vertical Load capacity of pile (Qs)

= {Qu/FOS} - Wp

Design Vertical compression capacity, P

53.8 t

50.0 t

24.01.2002
PAGE

PROJECT:

DOCUMENT NO.

DATE

O2001-S-FB-FD-DC-0001
TITLE :

Pile foundation

DESIGNED

MKN

CHECKED

24.01.2002
PAGE

MKN

5.0 PILE LATERAL LOAD CAPACITY:


Grade of Concrete, fck

= M 30
1/2
= 5000 (fck)

Concrete Elastic Modulus (E)

27386 N/mm2

273861 kg/cm2

Moment of Inertia (I)

306796 cm4

Modulus of subgrade reaction (K2)

20

R = ( E * I / K2 )1/4

Free length of pile above ground (L1)

= 0.00

cm

For fixed head pile, Lf

= 547

cm

Allowable deflection (y)

= 0.50

cm

Lateral capacity of fixed head pile

= 12 y E I / (L1+Lf )3

(From IS 2911 part I/sec 1,

3074 kg

Appendix B, B 1.3)

3000 kg

Ultimate skin friction (Qf)

56.2 t

Safe uplift capacity

= {0.66 Qf/ FOS} + Wp

= 2.15 * R

Design Lateral Load Capacity (Qh)

255 cm

6.0 PILE UPLIFT CAPACITY:

Design Uplift Capacity (Qt)

20.7 t

20 t

PROJECT:

DOCUMENT NO.

DATE

O2001-S-FB-FD-DC-0001
TITLE :

Pile foundation

DESIGNED

MKN

CHECKED

24.01.2002
PAGE

MKN

7.0 STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF PILE:


(I) For Compression and bending
Compression Load (P)

50.0 t

Lateral load (Qh)

3.0 t

Fixed end moment (Mf)

= Qh*(L1 + Lf)/2

Mf

(From IS 2911 Part I/sec1)

8.2 t-m

Moment reduction factor (m)

0.80

Actual moment on the pile (M)

6.6 t-m

Cover to main reinforcemenr (d')

40 mm

Pile Diameter (D)

500 mm

fck

30 N/mm2

fy

415 N/mm2

Pu

75.0 t

Mu

d'/D

0.080

Pu/ ( fck * D2 )

0.100

Mu/ ( fck * D3 )

0.026

9.9 t-m

(From IS 2911 Part I/sec1,


Appendix B, fig 3A & 3B)

(Pu=1.5 * T)
(Mu=1.5 * M)

From Chart 56 of SP-16 (Design Aids) ,


Pt, required

0.4 % (min)

Minimum reinforcement required

785 mm2

Dia of main bar

12

Number of bars required

7.0

Provide lateral ties of 8mm dia at 250mm c/c.

(Pt min = 0.4%)

PROJECT:

DOCUMENT NO.

DATE

O2001-S-FB-FD-DC-0001
TITLE :

Pile foundation

DESIGNED

MKN

CHECKED

MKN

24.01.2002
PAGE

PROJECT:

DOCUMENT NO.

DATE

O2001-S-FB-FD-DC-0001
TITLE :

Pile foundation

DESIGNED

MKN

CHECKED

24.01.2002
PAGE

MKN

0.0 DESIGN APPROACH:

The basic approach used for calculation of bearing capacity is "static" approach.
The concept of separate evaluation of shaft friction and base resistance forms
the basis of the "static" calculation. The basic equation is,
Qu = Qe + Qf
Where,
Qu = Ultimate pile compression resistance
Qe = Ultimate end bearing resistance
Qf = Ultimate skin friction resistance

1.0 PILE DATA:


Type of Pile

Driven cast-in-situ

Location

Design soil profile

Size

Founding depth

24 m below NGL

Pile cut-off level

1 m below NGL

500 dia

2.0 CODE OF PRACTICES:


IS: 2911 (Part1)- 1979 Code of practice for Design and Construction of Pile foundation
IS: 2131 - 1981 Method for Standard Penetration test for soils
IS: 6403 - 1981 Code of practice for determination of bearing capacity of shallow foundation
IS: 456 - 2000 Code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete

PROJECT:

DOCUMENT NO.

DATE

O2001-S-FB-FD-DC-0001
TITLE :

Pile foundation

DESIGNED

MKN

CHECKED

MKN

3.0 SOIL PROFILE:


Based on the soil data furnished in the report following
design bore log is arrived for the design of pile foundation.

0.00m
RECENT FILL OF

1.80

30

SILTY FINE SAND

VERY SOFT CLAYEY SILT


WITH ORGANIC MATTERS

Cu, t/m2 =

1.0

, t/m3 =

1.8

Cu, t/m2 =

6.5

, t/m3 =

1.8

12.00

MEDIUM STIFF CLAYEY


SILT

19.00

DENSE SILTY FINE SAND

=
, t/m3 =

30.00m

35
1.8

24.01.2002
PAGE

PROJECT:

DOCUMENT NO.

DATE

O2001-S-FB-FD-DC-0001
TITLE :

Pile foundation

DESIGNED

MKN

CHECKED

24.01.2002
PAGE

MKN

4.0 PILE VERTICAL CAPACITY:


4.1 Skin friction Resistance:
Qf = K * Pdi * Tan * Asi
Layer I (1.0 to 1.8m):
As the soil is filled up & resting on soft clay drag force will be
generated on the pile in the layer I and layer II

Type of soil

Layer thickness

Angle of internal friction ()

30 deg

Ave. overburden pressure (Pdi)

2
0.32 t/m

Tan = Tan

Surface area (Asi)

Coefficient of earth pressure, K

Skin friction in Layer I (QfI)

= K*Pdi*Tan*Asi
=

SILTY FINE SAND

0.80 m

0.577
1.26 m2
1.5

-0.3 t

Layer II (1.8 to 12.0m)


Type of soil

Layer thickness

Undrained cohesion, Cu

VERY SOFT CLAYEY SILT WITH ORGANIC MATTERS

10.20 m
1.0 t/m2

Surface area (Asi)

16.02 m2

Skin friction in Layer II (Qf2)

= *Cu*Asi
=

-16.0 t

PROJECT:

DOCUMENT NO.

DATE

O2001-S-FB-FD-DC-0001
TITLE :

Pile foundation

DESIGNED

CHECKED

MKN

Layer III (12.0 to 19.0m):


Type of soil

Layer thickness

Undrained cohesion, Cu

6.5 t/m2

0.4

Surface area (Asi)

11.00 m2

Skin friction in Layer III (Qf3)

= *Cu*Asi

MEDIUM STIFF CLAYEY SILT

7.00 m

28.6 t

Layer IV (19.0 to 25.0m):


Type of soil

Layer thickness

Angle of internal friction ()

35 deg

Ave. overburden pressure (Pdi)

8.0 t/m2

Tan = Tan

Surface area (Asi)

Coefficient of earth pressure, K

Skin friction in Layer IV (QfI)

= K*Pdi*Tan*Asi

Ultimate skin friction (Qf)

DENSE SILTY FINE SAND

5.00 m

0.700
7.85 m2
2.5

110.0 t

122.2 t

4.2 End bearing Resistance:


End Bearing resistance in Granular Soils (Qe),
Qe = Ap (0.5 * D * * N + Pd * Nq)

MKN

24.01.2002
PAGE

PROJECT:

DOCUMENT NO.

DATE

O2001-S-FB-FD-DC-0001
TITLE :

Pile foundation

DESIGNED

MKN

Founding Depth from NGL

35 deg

= 20 x 0.5 x 0.8
=

Area of cross section of pile at toe (Ap)

MKN

24 m

Angle of Internal friction at founding depth =


Ave. overburden pressure at pile toe (Pd)

CHECKED

8.0 t/m2

0.1963 m2

Nq

58

48

Dia of Pile (D)

0.5 m

Effective unit weight of soil ()

0.8 t/m3

Ultimate end bearing resistance, Qe

= Ap (0.5 * D * * N + Pd * Nq)

Bearing Capacity Factors

93.0 t

4.3 Safe Load Capacity of Pile:


Total ultimate bearing capacity of pile (Qu) = Qf + Qe
=

215.2 t

Self weight of pile (Wp)

6.8 t

Factor of Safety (FOS)

= 2.5

Safe vertical Load capacity of pile (Qs)

= {Qu/FOS} - Wp

Design Vertical compression capacity, P

79.3 t

75.0 t

24.01.2002
PAGE

PROJECT:

DOCUMENT NO.

DATE

O2001-S-FB-FD-DC-0001
TITLE :

Pile foundation

DESIGNED

MKN

CHECKED

24.01.2002
PAGE

MKN

5.0 PILE LATERAL LOAD CAPACITY:


Grade of Concrete, fck

= M30
1/2
= 5000 (fck)

Concrete Elastic Modulus (E)

27386 N/mm2

273861 kg/cm2

Moment of Inertia (I)

306796 cm4

Modulus of subgrade reaction (K2)

20

R = ( E * I / K2 )1/4

Free length of pile above ground (L1)

= 0.00

cm

For fixed head pile, Lf

= 547

cm

Allowable deflection (y)

= 0.50

cm

Lateral capacity of fixed head pile

= 12 y E I / (L1+Lf )3

(From IS 2911 part I/sec 1,

3074 kg

Appendix B, B 1.3)

3000 kg

Ultimate skin friction (Qf)

122.2 t

Safe uplift capacity

= {0.66 Qf/ FOS} + Wp

= 2.15 * R

Design Lateral Load Capacity (Qh)

255 cm

6.0 PILE UPLIFT CAPACITY:

Design Uplift Capacity (Qt)

39.0 t

35 t

PROJECT:

DOCUMENT NO.

DATE

O2001-S-FB-FD-DC-0001
TITLE :

Pile foundation

DESIGNED

MKN

CHECKED

24.01.2002
PAGE

MKN

7.0 STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF PILE:


(I) For Compression and bending
Compression Load (P)

75.0 t

Lateral load (Qh)

3.0 t

Fixed end moment (Mf)

= Qh*(L1 + Lf)/2

Mf

(From IS 2911 Part I/sec1)

8.2 t-m

Moment reduction factor (m)

0.80

Actual moment on the pile (M)

6.6 t-m

Cover to main reinforcemenr (d')

40 mm

Pile Diameter (D)

500 mm

fck

30 N/mm2

fy

415 N/mm2

Pu

Mu

d'/D

0.080

Pu/ ( fck * D2 )

0.150

Mu/ ( fck * D3 )

0.026

112.5 t
9.9 t-m

(From IS 2911 Part I/sec1,


Appendix B, fig 3A & 3B)

(Pu=1.5 * T)
(Mu=1.5 * M)

From Chart 56 of SP-16 (Design Aids) ,


Pt, required

0.4 % (min)

Minimum reinforcement required

785 mm2

Dia of main bar

12

Number of bars required

7.0

Provide lateral ties of 8mm dia at 250mm c/c.

(Pt min = 0.4%)

PROJECT:

DOCUMENT NO.

DATE

O2001-S-FB-FD-DC-0001
TITLE :

Pile foundation

DESIGNED

MKN

CHECKED

MKN

24.01.2002
PAGE

PROJECT:

Gem & Jewellery Park for WBIDC Ltd. at Kolkata

DOCUMENT NO.

DATE

O2001-S-FB-FD-DC-0001
TITLE :

Pile foundation

DESIGNED

MKN

CHECKED

24.01.2002
PAGE

MKN

0.0 DESIGN APPROACH:

The basic approach used for calculation of bearing capacity is "static" approach.
The concept of separate evaluation of shaft friction and base resistance forms
the basis of the "static" calculation. The basic equation is,
Qu = Qe + Qf
Where,
Qu = Ultimate pile compression resistance
Qe = Ultimate end bearing resistance
Qf = Ultimate skin friction resistance

1.0 PILE DATA:


Type of Pile

Driven cast-in-situ

Location

Design soil profile

Size

Founding depth

25 m below NGL

Pile cut-off level

1 m below NGL

500 dia

2.0 CODE OF PRACTICES:


IS: 2911 (Part1)- 1979 Code of practice for Design and Construction of Pile foundation
IS: 2131 - 1981 Method for Standard Penetration test for soils
IS: 6403 - 1981 Code of practice for determination of bearing capacity of shallow foundation
IS: 456 - 2000 Code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete

PROJECT:

Gem & Jewellery Park for WBIDC Ltd. at Kolkata

DOCUMENT NO.

DATE

O2001-S-FB-FD-DC-0001
TITLE :

Pile foundation

DESIGNED

MKN

CHECKED

MKN

3.0 SOIL PROFILE:


Based on the soil data furnished in the report following
design bore log is arrived for the design of pile foundation.

0.00m
RECENT FILL OF

1.80

30

SILTY FINE SAND

VERY SOFT CLAYEY SILT


WITH ORGANIC MATTERS

Cu, t/m2 =

1.0

, t/m3 =

1.8

Cu, t/m2 =

6.5

, t/m3 =

1.8

12.00

MEDIUM STIFF CLAYEY


SILT

19.00

DENSE SILTY FINE SAND

=
, t/m3 =

30.00m

35
1.8

24.01.2002
PAGE

PROJECT:

Gem & Jewellery Park for WBIDC Ltd. at Kolkata

DOCUMENT NO.

DATE

O2001-S-FB-FD-DC-0001
TITLE :

Pile foundation

DESIGNED

MKN

CHECKED

24.01.2002
PAGE

MKN

4.0 PILE VERTICAL CAPACITY:


4.1 Skin friction Resistance:
Qf = K * Pdi * Tan * Asi
Layer I (1.0 to 1.8m):
As the soil is filled up & resting on soft clay drag force will be
generated on the pile in the layer I and layer II

Type of soil

Layer thickness

Angle of internal friction ()

30 deg

Ave. overburden pressure (Pdi)

2
0.32 t/m

Tan = Tan

Surface area (Asi)

Coefficient of earth pressure, K

Skin friction in Layer I (QfI)

= K*Pdi*Tan*Asi
=

SILTY FINE SAND

0.80 m

0.577
1.26 m2
1.5

-0.3 t

Layer II (1.8 to 12.0m)


Type of soil

Layer thickness

Undrained cohesion, Cu

VERY SOFT CLAYEY SILT WITH ORGANIC MATTERS

10.20 m
1.0 t/m2

Surface area (Asi)

16.02 m2

Skin friction in Layer II (Qf2)

= *Cu*Asi
=

-16.0 t

PROJECT:

Gem & Jewellery Park for WBIDC Ltd. at Kolkata

DOCUMENT NO.

DATE

O2001-S-FB-FD-DC-0001
TITLE :

Pile foundation

DESIGNED

CHECKED

MKN

Layer III (12.0 to 19.0m):


Type of soil

Layer thickness

Undrained cohesion, Cu

6.5 t/m2

0.4

Surface area (Asi)

11.00 m2

Skin friction in Layer III (Qf3)

= *Cu*Asi

MEDIUM STIFF CLAYEY SILT

7.00 m

28.6 t

Layer IV (19.0 to 28.0m):


Type of soil

Layer thickness

Angle of internal friction ()

35 deg

Ave. overburden pressure (Pdi)

8.0 t/m2

Tan = Tan

Surface area (Asi)

Coefficient of earth pressure, K

Skin friction in Layer IV (QfI)

= K*Pdi*Tan*Asi

Ultimate skin friction (Qf)

DENSE SILTY FINE SAND

6.00 m

0.700
9.42 m2
2.5

132.0 t

144.2 t

4.2 End bearing Resistance:


End Bearing resistance in Granular Soils (Qe),
Qe = Ap (0.5 * D * * N + Pd * Nq)

MKN

24.01.2002
PAGE

PROJECT:

Gem & Jewellery Park for WBIDC Ltd. at Kolkata

DOCUMENT NO.

DATE

O2001-S-FB-FD-DC-0001
TITLE :

Pile foundation

DESIGNED

MKN

Founding Depth from NGL

35 deg

= 20 x 0.5 x 0.8
=

Area of cross section of pile at toe (Ap)

MKN

25 m

Angle of Internal friction at founding depth =


Ave. overburden pressure at pile toe (Pd)

CHECKED

8.0 t/m2

0.1963 m2

Nq

58

48

Dia of Pile (D)

0.5 m

Effective unit weight of soil ()

0.8 t/m3

Ultimate end bearing resistance, Qe

= Ap (0.5 * D * * N + Pd * Nq)

Bearing Capacity Factors

93.0 t

4.3 Safe Load Capacity of Pile:


Total ultimate bearing capacity of pile (Qu) = Qf + Qe
=

237.2 t

Self weight of pile (Wp)

7.1 t

Factor of Safety (FOS)

= 2.5

Safe vertical Load capacity of pile (Qs)

= {Qu/FOS} - Wp

Design Vertical compression capacity, P

87.8 t

85.0 t

24.01.2002
PAGE

PROJECT:

Gem & Jewellery Park for WBIDC Ltd. at Kolkata

DOCUMENT NO.

DATE

O2001-S-FB-FD-DC-0001
TITLE :

Pile foundation

DESIGNED

MKN

CHECKED

24.01.2002
PAGE

MKN

5.0 PILE LATERAL LOAD CAPACITY:


Grade of Concrete, fck

= M30
1/2
= 5000 (fck)

Concrete Elastic Modulus (E)

27386 N/mm2

273861 kg/cm2

Moment of Inertia (I)

306796 cm4

Modulus of subgrade reaction (K2)

20

R = ( E * I / K2 )1/4

Free length of pile above ground (L1)

= 0.00

cm

For fixed head pile, Lf

= 547

cm

Allowable deflection (y)

= 0.50

cm

Lateral capacity of fixed head pile

= 12 y E I / (L1+Lf )3

(From IS 2911 part I/sec 1,

3074 kg

Appendix B, B 1.3)

3000 kg

Ultimate skin friction (Qf)

144.2 t

Safe uplift capacity

= {0.66 Qf/ FOS} + Wp

= 2.15 * R

Design Lateral Load Capacity (Qh)

255 cm

6.0 PILE UPLIFT CAPACITY:

Design Uplift Capacity (Qt)

45.1 t

45 t

PROJECT:

Gem & Jewellery Park for WBIDC Ltd. at Kolkata

DOCUMENT NO.

DATE

O2001-S-FB-FD-DC-0001
TITLE :

Pile foundation

DESIGNED

MKN

CHECKED

24.01.2002
PAGE

MKN

7.0 STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF PILE:


(I) For Compression and bending
Compression Load (P)

85.0 t

Lateral load (Qh)

3.0 t

Fixed end moment (Mf)

= Qh*(L1 + Lf)/2

Mf

(From IS 2911 Part I/sec1)

8.2 t-m

Moment reduction factor (m)

0.80

Actual moment on the pile (M)

6.6 t-m

Cover to main reinforcemenr (d')

40 mm

Pile Diameter (D)

500 mm

fck

30 N/mm2

fy

415 N/mm2

Pu

Mu

d'/D

0.080

Pu/ ( fck * D2 )

0.170

Mu/ ( fck * D3 )

0.026

127.5 t
9.9 t-m

(From IS 2911 Part I/sec1,


Appendix B, fig 3A & 3B)

(Pu=1.5 * T)
(Mu=1.5 * M)

From Chart 56 of SP-16 (Design Aids) ,


Pt, required

0.4 % (min)

Minimum reinforcement required

785 mm2

Dia of main bar

12

Number of bars required

7.0

Provide lateral ties of 8mm dia at 250mm c/c.

(Pt min = 0.4%)

PROJECT:

Gem & Jewellery Park for WBIDC Ltd. at Kolkata

DOCUMENT NO.

DATE

O2001-S-FB-FD-DC-0001
TITLE :

Pile foundation

DESIGNED

MKN

CHECKED

MKN

24.01.2002
PAGE

PROJECT:

DOCUMENT NO.

O2001-S-FB-FD-DC-0001
TITLE :

Pile foundation

DESIGNED

CHECKED

DATE
08.02.2002
PAGE

0.0 DESIGN APPROACH:

The basic approach used for calculation of bearing capacity is "static" approach.
The concept of separate evaluation of shaft friction and base resistance forms
the basis of the "static" calculation. The basic equation is,
Qu = Qe + Qf
Where,
Qu = Ultimate pile compression resistance
Qe = Ultimate end bearing resistance
Qf = Ultimate skin friction resistance

1.0 PILE DATA:


Type of Pile

Driven cast-in-situ

Location

Design soil profile

Size

Founding depth

26 m below NGL

Pile cut-off level

1 m below NGL

500 dia

2.0 CODE OF PRACTICES:


IS: 2911 (Part1)- 1979 Code of practice for Design and Construction of Pile foundation
IS: 2131 - 1981 Method for Standard Penetration test for soils
IS: 6403 - 1981 Code of practice for determination of bearing capacity of shallow foundation
IS: 456 - 2000 Code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete

PROJECT:

DOCUMENT NO.

O2001-S-FB-FD-DC-0001
TITLE :

Pile foundation

DESIGNED

CHECKED

3.0 SOIL PROFILE:


Based on the soil data furnished in the report following
design bore log is arrived for the design of pile foundation.

0.00m
RECENT FILL OF

1.80

30

SILTY FINE SAND

VERY SOFT CLAYEY SILT


WITH ORGANIC MATTERS

Cu, t/m2 =

1.0

, t/m3 =

1.8

Cu, t/m2 =

6.5

, t/m3 =

1.8

12.00

MEDIUM STIFF CLAYEY


SILT

19.00

DENSE SILTY FINE SAND

=
, t/m3 =

30.00m

35
1.8

DATE
08.02.2002
PAGE

PROJECT:

DOCUMENT NO.

DATE

O2001-S-FB-FD-DC-0001
TITLE :

Pile foundation

DESIGNED

CHECKED

08.02.2002
PAGE

4.0 PILE VERTICAL CAPACITY:


4.1 Skin friction Resistance:
Qf = K * Pdi * Tan * Asi
Layer I (1.0 to 1.8m):
As the soil is filled up & resting on soft clay drag force will be
generated on the pile in the layer I and layer II

Type of soil

Layer thickness

Angle of internal friction ()

30 deg

Ave. overburden pressure (Pdi)

2
0.32 t/m

Tan = Tan

Surface area (Asi)

Coefficient of earth pressure, K

Skin friction in Layer I (QfI)

= K*Pdi*Tan*Asi
=

SILTY FINE SAND

0.80 m

0.577
1.26 m2
1.5

-0.3 t

Layer II (1.8 to 12.0m)


Type of soil

Layer thickness

Undrained cohesion, Cu

VERY SOFT CLAYEY SILT WITH ORGANIC MATTERS

10.20 m
1.0 t/m2

Surface area (Asi)

16.02 m2

Skin friction in Layer II (Qf2)

= *Cu*Asi
=

-16.0 t

PROJECT:

DOCUMENT NO.

O2001-S-FB-FD-DC-0001
TITLE :

Pile foundation

DESIGNED

CHECKED

Layer III (12.0 to 19.0m):


Type of soil

Layer thickness

Undrained cohesion, Cu

6.5 t/m2

0.4

Surface area (Asi)

11.00 m2

Skin friction in Layer III (Qf3)

= *Cu*Asi

MEDIUM STIFF CLAYEY SILT

7.00 m

28.6 t

Layer IV (19.0 to 28.0m):


Type of soil

Layer thickness

Angle of internal friction ()

35 deg

Ave. overburden pressure (Pdi)

8.0 t/m2

Tan = Tan

0.700

Surface area (Asi)

11.00 m2

Coefficient of earth pressure, K

2.5

Skin friction in Layer IV (QfI)

= K*Pdi*Tan*Asi

Ultimate skin friction (Qf)

DENSE SILTY FINE SAND

7.00 m

154.0 t

166.2 t

4.2 End bearing Resistance:


End Bearing resistance in Granular Soils (Qe),
Qe = Ap (0.5 * D * * N + Pd * Nq)

DATE
08.02.2002
PAGE

PROJECT:

DOCUMENT NO.

O2001-S-FB-FD-DC-0001
TITLE :

Pile foundation

DESIGNED

Founding Depth from NGL

26 m

Angle of Internal friction at founding depth =


Ave. overburden pressure at pile toe (Pd)

35 deg

= 20 x 0.5 x 0.8
=

Area of cross section of pile at toe (Ap)

CHECKED

8.0 t/m2

0.1963 m2

Nq

58

48

Dia of Pile (D)

0.5 m

Effective unit weight of soil ()

0.8 t/m3

Ultimate end bearing resistance, Qe

= Ap (0.5 * D * * N + Pd * Nq)

Bearing Capacity Factors

93.0 t

4.3 Safe Load Capacity of Pile:


Total ultimate bearing capacity of pile (Qu) = Qf + Qe
=

259.2 t

Self weight of pile (Wp)

7.4 t

Factor of Safety (FOS)

= 2.5

Safe vertical Load capacity of pile (Qs)

= {Qu/FOS} - Wp

Design Vertical compression capacity, P

96.3 t

95.0 t

DATE
08.02.2002
PAGE

PROJECT:

DOCUMENT NO.

O2001-S-FB-FD-DC-0001
TITLE :

Pile foundation

DESIGNED

CHECKED

DATE
08.02.2002
PAGE

5.0 PILE LATERAL LOAD CAPACITY:


Grade of Concrete, fck

= M30
1/2
= 5000 (fck)

Concrete Elastic Modulus (E)

27386 N/mm2

273861 kg/cm2

Moment of Inertia (I)

306796 cm4

Modulus of subgrade reaction (K2)

20

R = ( E * I / K2 )1/4

Free length of pile above ground (L1)

= 0.00

cm

For fixed head pile, Lf

= 547

cm

Allowable deflection (y)

= 0.50

cm

Lateral capacity of fixed head pile

= 12 y E I / (L1+Lf )3

(From IS 2911 part I/sec 1,

3074 kg

Appendix B, B 1.3)

3000 kg

Ultimate skin friction (Qf)

166.2 t

Safe uplift capacity

= {0.66 Qf/ FOS} + Wp

= 2.15 * R

Design Lateral Load Capacity (Qh)

255 cm

6.0 PILE UPLIFT CAPACITY:

Design Uplift Capacity (Qt)

51.2 t

50 t

PROJECT:

DOCUMENT NO.

DATE

O2001-S-FB-FD-DC-0001
TITLE :

Pile foundation

DESIGNED

CHECKED

08.02.2002
PAGE

7.0 STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF PILE:


(I) For Compression and bending
Compression Load (P)

95.0 t

Lateral load (Qh)

3.0 t

Fixed end moment (Mf)

= Qh*(L1 + Lf)/2

Mf

(From IS 2911 Part I/sec1)

8.2 t-m

Moment reduction factor (m)

0.80

Actual moment on the pile (M)

6.6 t-m

Cover to main reinforcemenr (d')

40 mm

Pile Diameter (D)

500 mm

fck

30 N/mm2

fy

415 N/mm2

Pu

Mu

d'/D

0.080

Pu/ ( fck * D2 )

0.190

Mu/ ( fck * D3 )

0.026

142.5 t
9.9 t-m

(From IS 2911 Part I/sec1,


Appendix B, fig 3A & 3B)

(Pu=1.5 * T)
(Mu=1.5 * M)

From Chart 56 of SP-16 (Design Aids) ,


Pt, required

0.4 % (min)

Minimum reinforcement required

785 mm2

Dia of main bar

16

Number of bars required

6.0

Provide lateral ties of 8mm dia at 250mm c/c.

(Pt min = 0.4%)

PROJECT:

DOCUMENT NO.

O2001-S-FB-FD-DC-0001
TITLE :

Pile foundation

DESIGNED

CHECKED

DATE
08.02.2002
PAGE

PROJECT:

Gem & Jewellery Park for WBIDC Ltd. at Kolkata

DOCUMENT NO.

DATE

O2001-S-FB-FD-DC-0001
TITLE :

Pile foundation

DESIGNED

MKN

CHECKED

24.01.2002
PAGE

MKN

0.0 DESIGN APPROACH:

The basic approach used for calculation of bearing capacity is "static" approach.
The concept of separate evaluation of shaft friction and base resistance forms
the basis of the "static" calculation. The basic equation is,
Qu = Qe + Qf
Where,
Qu = Ultimate pile compression resistance
Qe = Ultimate end bearing resistance
Qf = Ultimate skin friction resistance

1.0 PILE DATA:


Type of Pile

Driven cast-in-situ

Location

Design soil profile

Size

Founding depth

24 m below NGL

Pile cut-off level

1 m below NGL

500 dia

2.0 CODE OF PRACTICES:


IS: 2911 (Part1)- 1979 Code of practice for Design and Construction of Pile foundation
IS: 2131 - 1981 Method for Standard Penetration test for soils
IS: 6403 - 1981 Code of practice for determination of bearing capacity of shallow foundation
IS: 456 - 2000 Code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete

PROJECT:

Gem & Jewellery Park for WBIDC Ltd. at Kolkata

DOCUMENT NO.

DATE

O2001-S-FB-FD-DC-0001
TITLE :

Pile foundation

DESIGNED

MKN

CHECKED

MKN

3.0 SOIL PROFILE:


Based on the soil data furnished in the report following
design bore log is arrived for the design of pile foundation.

0.00m
RECENT FILL OF

1.80

30

SILTY FINE SAND

VERY SOFT CLAYEY SILT


WITH ORGANIC MATTERS

Cu, t/m2 =

1.0

, t/m3 =

1.8

Cu, t/m2 =

6.5

, t/m3 =

1.8

12.00

MEDIUM STIFF CLAYEY


SILT

19.00

DENSE SILTY FINE SAND

=
, t/m3 =

30.00m

35
1.8

24.01.2002
PAGE

PROJECT:

Gem & Jewellery Park for WBIDC Ltd. at Kolkata

DOCUMENT NO.

DATE

O2001-S-FB-FD-DC-0001
TITLE :

Pile foundation

DESIGNED

MKN

CHECKED

24.01.2002
PAGE

MKN

4.0 PILE VERTICAL CAPACITY:


4.1 Skin friction Resistance:
Qf = K * Pdi * Tan * Asi
Layer I (1.0 to 1.8m):
As the soil is filled up & resting on soft clay drag force will be
generated on the pile in the layer I and layer II

Type of soil

Layer thickness

Angle of internal friction ()

30 deg

Ave. overburden pressure (Pdi)

2
0.32 t/m

Tan = Tan

Surface area (Asi)

Coefficient of earth pressure, K

Skin friction in Layer I (QfI)

= K*Pdi*Tan*Asi
=

SILTY FINE SAND

0.80 m

0.577
1.26 m2
1.5

-0.3 t

Layer II (1.8 to 12.0m)


Type of soil

Layer thickness

Undrained cohesion, Cu

VERY SOFT CLAYEY SILT WITH ORGANIC MATTERS

10.20 m
1.0 t/m2

Surface area (Asi)

16.02 m2

Skin friction in Layer II (Qf2)

= *Cu*Asi
=

-16.0 t

PROJECT:

Gem & Jewellery Park for WBIDC Ltd. at Kolkata

DOCUMENT NO.

DATE

O2001-S-FB-FD-DC-0001
TITLE :

Pile foundation

DESIGNED

CHECKED

MKN

Layer III (12.0 to 19.0m):


Type of soil

Layer thickness

Undrained cohesion, Cu

6.5 t/m2

0.4

Surface area (Asi)

11.00 m2

Skin friction in Layer III (Qf3)

= *Cu*Asi

MEDIUM STIFF CLAYEY SILT

7.00 m

28.6 t

Layer IV (19.0 to 25.0m):


Type of soil

Layer thickness

Angle of internal friction ()

35 deg

Ave. overburden pressure (Pdi)

8.0 t/m2

Tan = Tan

Surface area (Asi)

Coefficient of earth pressure, K

Skin friction in Layer IV (QfI)

= K*Pdi*Tan*Asi

Ultimate skin friction (Qf)

DENSE SILTY FINE SAND

5.00 m

0.700
7.85 m2
2.5

110.0 t

122.2 t

4.2 End bearing Resistance:


End Bearing resistance in Granular Soils (Qe),
Qe = Ap (0.5 * D * * N + Pd * Nq)

MKN

24.01.2002
PAGE

PROJECT:

Gem & Jewellery Park for WBIDC Ltd. at Kolkata

DOCUMENT NO.

DATE

O2001-S-FB-FD-DC-0001
TITLE :

Pile foundation

DESIGNED

MKN

Founding Depth from NGL

35 deg

= 20 x 0.5 x 0.8
=

Area of cross section of pile at toe (Ap)

MKN

24 m

Angle of Internal friction at founding depth =


Ave. overburden pressure at pile toe (Pd)

CHECKED

8.0 t/m2

0.1963 m2

Nq

58

48

Dia of Pile (D)

0.5 m

Effective unit weight of soil ()

0.8 t/m3

Ultimate end bearing resistance, Qe

= Ap (0.5 * D * * N + Pd * Nq)

Bearing Capacity Factors

93.0 t

4.3 Safe Load Capacity of Pile:


Total ultimate bearing capacity of pile (Qu) = Qf + Qe
=

215.2 t

Self weight of pile (Wp)

6.8 t

Factor of Safety (FOS)

= 2.5

Safe vertical Load capacity of pile (Qs)

= {Qu/FOS} - Wp

Design Vertical compression capacity, P

79.3 t

75.0 t

24.01.2002
PAGE

PROJECT:

Gem & Jewellery Park for WBIDC Ltd. at Kolkata

DOCUMENT NO.

DATE

O2001-S-FB-FD-DC-0001
TITLE :

Pile foundation

DESIGNED

MKN

CHECKED

24.01.2002
PAGE

MKN

5.0 PILE LATERAL LOAD CAPACITY:


Grade of Concrete, fck

= M25
1/2
= 5000 (fck)

Concrete Elastic Modulus (E)

25000 N/mm2

250000 kg/cm2

Moment of Inertia (I)

306796 cm4

Modulus of subgrade reaction (K2)

20

R = ( E * I / K2 )1/4

Free length of pile above ground (L1)

= 0.00

cm

For fixed head pile, Lf

= 535

cm

Allowable deflection (y)

= 0.50

cm

Lateral capacity of fixed head pile

= 12 y E I / (L1+Lf )3

(From IS 2911 part I/sec 1,

3005 kg

Appendix B, B 1.3)

3000 kg

Ultimate skin friction (Qf)

122.2 t

Safe uplift capacity

= {0.66 Qf/ FOS} + Wp

= 2.15 * R

Design Lateral Load Capacity (Qh)

249 cm

6.0 PILE UPLIFT CAPACITY:

Design Uplift Capacity (Qt)

39.0 t

35 t

PROJECT:

Gem & Jewellery Park for WBIDC Ltd. at Kolkata

DOCUMENT NO.

DATE

O2001-S-FB-FD-DC-0001
TITLE :

Pile foundation

DESIGNED

MKN

CHECKED

24.01.2002
PAGE

MKN

7.0 STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF PILE:


(I) For Compression and bending
Compression Load (P)

75.0 t

Lateral load (Qh)

3.0 t

Fixed end moment (Mf)

= Qh*(L1 + Lf)/2

Mf

(From IS 2911 Part I/sec1)

8.0 t-m

Moment reduction factor (m)

0.80

Actual moment on the pile (M)

6.4 t-m

Cover to main reinforcemenr (d')

40 mm

Pile Diameter (D)

500 mm

fck

25 N/mm2

fy

415 N/mm2

Pu

Mu

d'/D

0.080

Pu/ ( fck * D2 )

0.180

Mu/ ( fck * D3 )

0.031

112.5 t
9.6 t-m

(From IS 2911 Part I/sec1,


Appendix B, fig 3A & 3B)

(Pu=1.5 * T)
(Mu=1.5 * M)

From Chart 56 of SP-16 (Design Aids) ,


Pt, required

0.4 % (min)

Minimum reinforcement required

785 mm2

Dia of main bar

12

Number of bars required

7.0

Provide lateral ties of 8mm dia at 250mm c/c.

(Pt min = 0.4%)

PROJECT:

Gem & Jewellery Park for WBIDC Ltd. at Kolkata

DOCUMENT NO.

DATE

O2001-S-FB-FD-DC-0001
TITLE :

Pile foundation

DESIGNED

MKN

CHECKED

MKN

24.01.2002
PAGE

SUMMARY

Pile dia Cut off level Founding


Capactiy of pile
depth Compression Lateral Uplift

Reinft

(mm)

(m)

(m)

(MT)

(MT)

(MT)

(%)

500

1.0

23.5

75

0.4

Grade of Type of pile


concrete

M25

Driven castin-situ

Design parameters based on N values


Angle of internal friction and Cohesion values are tabulated
below for all the bore holes at all depths as per soil report.

Po'
K
N'
N''

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

Effective overburden pressure in T/m2


Overburden correction factor
0.77 LOG ( 200 / Po' )

Cohesion value in T/m2

Depth
(m)
1.00
3.00
5.50
7.50
10.00
12.00
14.50
16.50
19.00
21.00
24.00
26.00
28.00
29.50
2.20
5.00
7.00
9.20
11.80
14.00
16.50
18.50
21.20
23.30
26.20
28.30
30.20

SPT -N value corrected for overburden


K * SPT - Value
SPT -N value corrected for dilatancy
15 + 0.5 * ( N' - 15 )
Angle of internal friction in Degrees

SPTPo'
value (T/m2)
8
1
2
1
7
7
15
16
33
38
94
42
44
69
0
0
1
2
4
22
11
38
72
100
62
43
72

1.3
2.9
4.9
6.5
8.5
10.1
12.1
13.7
15.7
17.3
19.7
21.3
22.9
24.1
2.3
4.5
6.1
7.9
9.9
11.7
13.7
15.3
17.5
19.1
21.5
23.1
24.7

N'

N''

AVERAGE AVERAGE
C

2
SPT - N
&C
(Deg.) (T/m )
VALUES
VALUES

BH - 1 (GWT =
1.697
14
1.422
1.244
1.148
1.058
1.000
0.939
0.898
0.852
28
0.819
31
0.776
73
0.750
31
0.725
32
0.708
49

0.45 BGL)
14
31
22
34
23
34
44
39
23
34
23
34
32
36

BH - 2 (GWT =

0.5

BGL)

1.499
1.269
1.167
1.082
1.004
0.949
0.897
0.860
0.815
0.785
0.746
0.721
0.700

24
37
47
31
23
33

34
38
40
36
34
37

33
59
78
46
31
50

0.5
1.0
0.5
3.5
3.5
7.5
8.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
1.0
2.0
11.0
5.5
-

31

1.4

6.3

13

35

53

0.7

8.3

17

36.5

65

Depth
(m)

SPTPo'
value (T/m2)

N'

4
0
2
1
2
3
15
17
42
91
86
92
55
78

1.2
2.9
4.6
6.6
8.2
10.2
11.9
14.1
15.9
18.2
19.8
21.8
23.4
24.6

1.725
1.419
1.265
1.143
1.070
0.997
0.943
0.888
0.847
0.802
0.774
0.742
0.718
0.701

7
36
73
67
68
40
55

BH - 4 (GWT =
2.10
4.70
7.30
9.50
12.00
14.00
16.50
18.50
20.50
23.00
25.00
27.00
29.00

1
2
3
4
8
11
11
43
47
88
78
49
56

2.1
4.2
6.3
8.0
10.0
11.6
13.6
15.2
16.8
18.8
20.4
22.0
23.6

AVERAGE AVERAGE
C

2
SPT - N
&C
(T/m
)
(Deg.)
VALUES
VALUES

BH - 3 (GWT =
0.75
2.90
5.00
7.50
9.50
12.00
14.20
16.90
19.20
22.00
24.00
26.50
28.50
30.00

N''

1.524
1.293
1.158
1.076
1.001
0.952
0.898
0.861
0.828
0.790
0.763
0.738
0.714

37
39
70
60
36
40

0.55 BGL)
7
25
44
41
42
27
35

28.5
35
39
39
39
35
37

0.0
1.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
7.5
8.5
-

28.5

0.8

8.0

16

37.3

74

1.3

5.0

10

36.2

60

0.42 BGL)
26
27
42
37
26
28

35
35
39
38
35
35

0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
4.0
5.5
5.5
-

Analysis of laboratory results

BORE
HOLE
NO.
BH 1

DEPTH n
(m)
(%)

l
(%)

p
(%)

STATE OF
l SOIL AS PER
l
21
#VALUE!
22
#VALUE!
22
#VALUE!

Pc'
(kN/m2)

Po'
(kN/m2)

190
7
1672

20
76
112

TYPE OF CONSOLI
SOIL
DATION
STATE
OC
NC
OC

Cc

2.50
9.50
14.00

31
44
21

49
50
50

25
28
18

24
22
32

0.750
0.273
0.906

0.250
0.727
0.094

BH 2

1.75
4.50
11.30
16.00

38
47
35
24

45
48
42
38

28
26
19
19

17
22
23
19

0.412
0.045
0.304
0.737

0.588
0.955
0.696
0.263

18
20
16
13

#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!

16
2
11
121

14
36
90.4
128

OC
NC
NC
NC

0.315
0.342
0.288
0.252

BH 3

2.40
7.00
11.50
16.40

57
48
82
30

55
50
68
47

26
28
17
21

29
22
51
26

-0.069
0.091
-0.275
0.654

1.069
0.909
1.275
0.346

26
22
35
20

#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!

1
3
0
111

19.2
56
92
131.2

NC
NC
NC
NC

0.405
0.36
0.522
0.333

BH 4

6.80
11.50
16.00

41
34
32

41
76
40

25
27
22

16
49
18

0.000
0.857
0.444

1.000
0.143
0.556

15
41
15

#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!

2
1256
15

54.4
92
128

NC
OC
NC

0.279
0.594
0.27

n =
l =

NATURAL MOITURE CONTENT (%)


LIQUID LIMIT (%)

Pc' =
=

PRECONSOLIDATION PRESSURE (KN/m2)


10 ^ ( 5.97 - 5.32 * (n/l) - 0.25 * log10Po' )

PLASTIC LIMIT (%)


PLASTICITY INDEX (%) = LIQUID LIMIT - PLASTIC LIMIT

Po' =
NC =

OVERBURDEN PRESSURE (KN/m2)


NORMALLY CONSOLIDATED CLAY

c =
=

CONSISTENCY INDEX
(l - n) /(lp)

OC =
Cc =

OVER CONSOLIDATED CLAY

l =

LIQUIDITY INDEX
(n - p) /(lp)

p =
p =

COMPRESSION INDEX
0.009 * (WL - 10)

0.351
0.36
0.36

DRAWING / DOCUMENT TRANSMITTAL


To

Our Ref.
Date
Your Ref.
Date

28-01-2002

Project
Subject

Pile foundation

Kind Attn.
TITLE :
S.No.

Description

Drawing/Document No.

1 Design Calculations - Pile Foundation

Rev.
No.

No. of
Copies

Cat.

Remarks

NOTES :
S.No.
1

Distribution
MKN

CATEGORY (Cat.) :
T
- For Tender purpose
P
- Preliminary

A
I

For Approval
For Information

No. of Copies
1

Remarks

G
B

Good for Construction


As Built

Thanking you and assuring you of our best services,


Yours faithfully,

SPT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53

PHI
25
25
25
25
28
29
29
29
30
30
30
31
31
31
32
32
32
33
33
33
34
34
34
35
35
35
35
36
36
36
36
37
37
37
37
38
38
38
38
39
39
39
39
39
40
40
40
40
41
41
41
41
41

Po' (T/m2)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
30
35
40
45
50

K
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0.98
0.95
0.91
0.9
0.88
0.85
0.83
0.81
0.8
0.78
0.76
0.75
0.73
0.72
0.71
0.65
0.6
0.55
0.5
0.46

54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64

42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
43
43
43

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