Our Natural Resources Index

Introduction
The Environment is everything which surrounds an organism and influences its life in
many ways. It includes physical and biological components. The physical components
of the environment are soil, water, air, light and temperature. These are termed as
abiotic components. The plants and animals are collectively referred to as biotic
components. All these components of the environment work together, interact and
modify the effect of one another.

Types of Natural Resources

These resources are unlimited in nature, and they are not likely to be exhausted by
human activities. Example are solar radiation, air, water, precipitation (rainfall, snow fall,
etc.,) and atomic power.

Sources of Water
About 70-73% of earth is covered by water. Water is available in the form of oceans,
seas, rivers, lakes, ponds, pools, polar ice caps and water vapour and this forms the
hydrosphere. The main component of hydrosphere is water. Water exists in all the three
forms i.e., solid (snow), liquid (water) and gas (water vapour).

Air
It is an inexhaustible natural resource. It is very essential for the survival of all the
living organisms on earth. In atmosphere, about 95% of the total air is present upto a
height of 20 km above the earth's surface. The remaining 5% of air is present up to a
height of about 280 km. Air is a mixture of different gases; nitrogen and oxygen are the
major components. Thus, total volume of air present in atmosphere consists of 78%
nitrogen 21% oxygen and remaining 1% is made up of other gases such as argon,
neon, helium, krypton, xenon and radon.

Soil

The word soil is derived from a Latin word solum meaning ground. It is a stratified
mixture of inorganic and organic materials, both of which are products of decomposition.

Energy
Fuel wood, agricultural waste and cow dung (gobar), form the major sources of
energy for rural India and most of the urban Indian population consumes energy from
coal, petroleum, natural gas (CNG), hydel power (hydroelectricity), sun, wind and
nuclear power. At present, India produces 97,800MW of energy from different sources.

Types of Non-Conventional Energy Resources

Sun is the biggest source of non-conventional energy. Energy is in the form of
photons. India receives abundant sunlight for about 250-300 days in a year. Conversion
of solar energy to electric energy and thermal energy takes place mainly by solar
thermal pathways and through photovoltaic cells.

Flora and Fauna of Forest System

Flora refers to plant species and fauna refers to animal species. The term biota
includes both plant as well as the domesticated and wild species of animals. Our
country has a rich diversity of flora and fauna. There are over 45,000 plant species and
81,251 animal species. It represents about 7% of world's flora and 6.5% of world's
fauna.

Management and Replenishment of Natural Resources

There is an urgent need to think deeply about destruction of natural resources. With
the exponential increase in human population and increased technological
advancement, the natural resources get relentlessly exploited. There is a need for
optimisation of its usage. This is possible only when we adopt the concepts of
management and conservation of natural resources. Management and conservation
mean scientific utilisation of resources while maintaining their sustained yield and
quality.

Features of Forest Conservation

Mutual relation exists between forests (trees), rainfall concentration, the amount of
water in rivers and conservation of wild animals.

Wild Life Conservation Terms

A species is considered extinct when there is no reasonable doubt that its last
individual has died, e.g., mountain quail, pink headed duck, one horned rhino and
cheetah.

Public Awareness Programmes

In India, birds and animals are worshipped from time immemorial. They are
considered to be cultural assets and have a profound effect on Indian art, sculpture,
literature and religion. It is imperative that we protect wildlife. An awareness should be
created amongst the masses using the various media of communication like the TV,
radio, newspapers and the magazines.

Soil Conservation
Soil conservation means protection, improvement and sustained renewal of soil at
any place. Soil has to be protected from erosion and should also be replenished.