Reported Speech: Estilo Indirecto

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REPORTED SPEECH
ESTILO INDIRECTO
The reported speech is used to paraphrase something
which was said by someone else in the past.
El estilo indirecto sirve para parafrasear lo que una
persona dijo en el pasado.
It is important to distinguish four types of sentences
when we want to rephrase them into reported speech:
Es importante diferenciar cuarto tipos de frases a la
hora de pasarlas al estilo indirecto:
o Statements
Declarativas
o Questions
Interrogativas
o Commands and requests
rdenes y peticiones
o Offers and suggestions
Ofrecimientos y sugerencias
Statements
Oraciones declarativas
If the main verb of the reported sentence is in the past,
then the verb is changed into a tense more in the past:
Si el verbo principal est en pasado, el verbo de la
subordinada se mueve un punto hacia el pasado:
Present simple
Present
continuous
present perfect
past simple
Will
Can
May
Must
Past simple
Past continuous
Past perfect
past perfect
would
Could
Might
must/had to
She said: "I want to see Peter" She said (that) she wanted
to see Peter.
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The previous rule is not applied when:

La regla anterior no se aplica cuando:
o The main verb of the reported sentence is in the
present:
El verbo principal est en presente:
The train will be late She says that the
train will be late.
El tren llegar tarde Ella dice que el
tren llegar tarde.
o The sense of the subordinated sentence is still
present, because its a permanent truth:
El sentido de la subordinada sigue siendo
presente, porque es una verdad permanente:
I hate football I told you I hate football.
Odio el ftbol Te dije que odio el ftbol.
o The past rule would imply that the action is
finished, but its not the case:
La regla del pasado implicara accin acabada y no
es el caso:
I loved her He said he loved her.
La quera l dijo que la quera.
Apart from tell and say, we can also use many other
verbs to report statements: explain, admit, interrupt,
complain, warn, answer, etc.
Adems de tell y say, se pueden utilizar muchos otros
verbos para introducir el estilo indirecto: explicar,
admitir, interrumpir, quejarse, advertir, contestar, etc.
Tell is always followed by an indirect object:
Tell siempre va seguido de un objeto indirecto:
o He said (to me) he was coming = He told me he
was coming.
l dijo (a m) que vendra = l me dijo que vendra.
Questions
Interrogativas
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The past rule is also applied:

Se aplica tambin la regla del pasado:
o "Why have you come?" He asked him why he
had come.
Por qu has venido? l me pregunt por qu
haba venido.
We can distinguish two types of questions:
Podemos distinguir dos tipos de preguntas:
o Wh- questions: we repeat the wh- word in the
reported sentence.
Preguntas con wh-: se repite la partcula
interrogativa en la oracin indirecta.
"Where do you live?" She asked me where
I lived.
Dnde vives? Me pregunt dnde viva.
o Yes / No questions (questions that can be
answered with yes or no): we use if or
whether in the subordinate sentence.
Preguntas de s o no: Se emplea if o whether
en la subordinada.
"Do you live in Madrid?" She asked me if /
whether I lived in Madrid.
Vives en Madrid? Me pregunt si viva
en Madrid.
Remember that, when we report a question, our
sentence is no longer a question, and we have to follow
the typical order of affirmative sentences (subject +
verb), and we no longer need auxiliaries.
Recuerda que cuando pasamos una pregunta a estilo
indirecto, nuestra oracin deja de ser una pregunta, por
lo que tenemos que seguir el orden tpico de una
oracin afirmativa (sujeto + verbo) y no necesitamos
los auxiliares.
o She asked me where did I live She asked me
where I lived.
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Commands and requests

rdenes y peticiones
We dont apply the past rule. Instead, we use to +
infinitive after the reporting verb and the indirect object.
No se aplica la regla del pasado. En su lugar, usamos
to + infinitivo despus del verbo y el objeto indirecto.
o Dont touch this She told me not to touch
that.
No toques esto Ella me dijo que no tocara
eso.
The most common verbs are tell and ask, but we can
also use urge, persuade or advise.
Los verbos ms empleados son tell y ask pero
tambin se pueden emplear urge, persuade o
advise.
This is the structure:
sta es la estructura:
Subject
Sujeto
He
She
Mary
She
I
Main verb
Verbo
Indirect
principal
object
Objeto
Told
Asked
Urged
Persuaded
Advised
indirecto
Them
Me
Her mother
Her son
Him
To + infinitive
To + infinitivo
(not)
(not)
(not)
(not)
(not)
to go away
to be quiet
to help her
to study
to stop
smoking
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Offers and suggestions

Ofrecimientos y sugerencias
The reported speech can adopt other structures, so it
is very important to keep in mind the structure that
each verb requires. Here are some examples:
El estilo indirecto puede adoptar otras estructuras, lo
importante en este caso es conocer la estructura que
rige el verbo principal. Indicamos algunos ejemplos:
o Well pay for the damage They offered to pay
for the damage.
Pagaremos por el dao Ellos se ofrecieron
pagar por el dao.
o Ill definitely finish it by the end of this week
He promised to finish the work by the end of this
week.
Definitivamente lo acabar para el final de esta
semana Prometi acabar el trabajo para el
final de esa semana.
o Lets leave the room He suggested leaving the
room / He suggested that we should leave the
room.
Salgamos de la habitacin Sugiri salir de la
habitacin / Sugiri que salieran de la habitacin.
o You should stop smoking He advised me to
stop smoking / He said I should stop smoking.
Deberas dejar de fumar l me aconsej dejar
de fumar / l me aconsej que dejara de fumar.
o The stairs are slippery She warned me that
the stairs were slippery.
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Las escaleras son resbaladizas Ella me avis

de que las escaleras eran resbaladizas.
o Im sorry I lied She apologized for lying.
Siento haber mentido Ella se disculp por
haber mentido.
It is important to remember that when we tell what
another person has said, time and space circumstances
can change, and these changes will have to be reflected
don the reported speech.
Es importante recordar que al contar lo que otra
persona ha dicho pueden cambiar las circunstancias de
lugar y tiempo, si es as esos cambios tendrn que
reflejarse en el estilo indirecto.
o Most frequent changes:
Cambios ms frecuentes:
I / my
Here
Tomorrow
Today
Yesterday
This, these
Last week / month /
He, she / his, her

There
The next day
That day
The day before
That, those
The previous week / month /
year
ago
year
before
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ACTIVITY
1. You have something to do
He told me _______ something to ________.
a. I has / do
b. I had / did
c. I had / do
2. Dont close the door
Our teacher told us ________ the door.
a. Dont close
b. Didnt close
c. Not to close
3. Dont check your phone while you drive
My father told me not to check my phone while _______
drive.
a. You
b. He
c. I
4. Could you open the window, please?
The patient told the nurse _______ she could open the
window.
a.
b. Can
c. If
5. Turn off the lights
My mother told me _______.
a. To turn off the lights
b. Turned off the lights
c. Turning off the lights
6. Ill call the police
He said he ______ call the police.
a. Will
b. To
c. Would
7. Ive stopped smoking
She said she _______ stopped smoking.
a.
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b. Have
c. Had
8. What food do you like?
He asked her ___________________.
a. What food do you like
b. What food she liked
c. What food you like
9. Do you want a cup of tea?
Johan asked Sarah ____________.
a. Do you want a cup of tea?
b. Does she want a cup of tea?
c. If she wanted a cup of tea
10.
I went to visit my grandparents yesterday
Jane said _____ went to see her grandparents ________.
a. She / yesterday
b. I / the day before
c. She / the day before
KEY
1. C
2. C
3. C
4. C
5. A
6. C
7. C
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8. B
9. C
10. C

Reported Speech: Estilo Indirecto

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www.megaidiomas.

The previous rule is not applied when:

The past rule is also applied:

Commands and requests

Aprende ingls de forma fcil y sencilla con www.megaidiomas.com

Offers and suggestions

Aprende ingls de forma fcil y sencilla con www.megaidiomas.com

Las escaleras son resbaladizas Ella me avis

He, she / his, her

Aprende ingls de forma fcil y sencilla con www.megaidiomas.com

Aprende ingls de forma fcil y sencilla con www.megaidiomas.com

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