INSTITUTE OF SPACE TECHNOLOGY, ISLAMABAD

DEPARTMENT OF AERONAUTICS AND ASTRONAUTICS

SPACE MISSION ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

CLASS ASSIGNMENT: 02

Prepared By: Shakir Hussain Chaudhry

Reg No. 150512011
MS (AE-08)

Submitted To: Dr Salimuddin Zahir

PoP Aerospace Engineering

Q. No 1:
A Two stage rocket used LOX and RP-1 in both stages. The details on this vehicle are as
follows: Stage 1: Stage gross mass 22,993 kg; empty mass 1505 kg; exhaust velocity 2940 m/sec.
Stage 2: Stage gross mass 4177 kg; empty mass 350 kg; exhaust velocity 3107 m/sec,
Payload: 500 kg (due East LEO)
(a).

Determine what is the V for each stage and for the total vehicle?

Solution:

We can solve by using exhaust velocity as well as the Isp

m

First by using the given values of exhaust velocity, the forumula is: V = Ve ln m0
for stage 1:

m0

and

mf

and

Ve

=
=
=
=
=

1st stage gross mass + 2nd stage gross mass + + Payload mass
22,993 + 4177 + 500 = 27670 kg
1st stage empty mass
1505 kg
2940 m/sec

Now putting values in above equation, we get: 27670

V = 2940 ln
= 8559.97 /
1505
for stage 2:

m0

and

mf

and

Ve

=
=
=
=
=

2nd stage gross mass + Payload mass

4177 + 500
= 4677 kg
2nd stage empty mass
350 kg
3107 m/sec

Now putting values in above equation, we get: 4677

V = 3107 ln
= 8054.83 / sec
350

So the total V becomes: = 8559.97 + 8054.83 = 16614.8 m/ sec

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Now using the given values of Isp the formula is: -

V = g Isp ln

mstart
mend

Since Isp = 310 sec for LOX & RP-1, and massses are known. Putting the values, we get:for Stage 1:
27670
V = 9.81 310 ln
= 8854.33 /

1505
similarly for Stage 2:
V = 9.81 310 ln

4677
= 7883.99 /
350

So the total V becomes: = 8854.33 + 7883.99 = 16738.32 m/ sec

SHAKIR_SMAD _ASSG_2

(b).

Calculate what is the inert mass fraction for each stage?

Solution:

, =

for stage 1:

mtotal

and

minert

=
=
=
=

1st stage gross mass + 2nd stage gross mass + Payload mass
22,993 + 4177 + 500 = 27670 kg
1st stage emtpy mass
1505 kg

Now putting values in above equation, we get: 1 =

for stage 2:

mtotal

and

minert

=
=
=
=

1505
= 0.05439
27670

Answer

2nd stage gross mass + Payload mass

4177 + 500
= 4677 kg
2nd stage empty mass
350 kg

Now putting values in above equation, we get: 2 =

(e).

350
= 0.07483
4677

Answer

Repeat all calculations for LOX and LH2 in both stages.

Solution.
V = g Isp ln

minitial
mfinal

As we know that for LOX and LH2 the Isp is given as 455 seconds and g = 9.81 m/s2.
for first stage

minitial = 27670 Kg

&

mfinal = 1505 Kg

Putting the values in above equation, we get,: V = 9.81 455 ln

27670
1505

V = 12995.87 m/sec
Now for 2nd stage:

minitial = 4677 Kg

Answer
&

mfinal = 350 Kg

Putting the values in above equation, we get: V = 9.81 455 ln

V = 11571.66 m/sec

4677
350
Answer

So the total V become: = 12995.87 + 11571.66 = 24567.53 m/ sec

SHAKIR_SMAD _ASSG_2

(c).
For a two-stage launch vehicle with the same values of and Ve for each stage, find the V split
which maximizes payload fraction o. Compare the total V you found in section a.
Solution:

, =

= = .

(d).
For a two-stage launch vehicle with the same values of and Ve for each stage, find the V split
which maximizes the ratio of payload to inert mass 0/0.
Solution: For part c and d MATLAB is written down and their results are shown down by the following
methodology:
1=Isp
2=Exhaust Velocity
1 CASE :
Stage 1 Isp
310
Stage 2 Isp
455
Payload Mass
500
Stage 1 Total Mass
22993
Stage 2 Total Mass
4177
Stage 1 Empty Mass
1505
Stage 2 Empty Mass
350

SHAKIR_SMAD _ASSG_2

CASE 2: Exhaust Velocity

SHAKIR_SMAD _ASSG_2

(f).
Solve the related equations using MATLAB for both propellants and support your results through
plots of lift-off-weight versus stage velocity. Clearly state all assumptions or approximations made for
the computations, also give adequate references where necessary.

MATLAB CODE:
clc
choice1=input('Would you like to use "Isp" or "Exhaust Velocity" of System\n
1=Isp\n
2=Exhaust
Velocity \n');
if choice1==1
vexhaust_1=input('Stage 1 Isp\n')*9.8;
vexhaust_2=input('Stage 2 Isp\n')*9.8;
else
vexhaust_1=input('Stage 1 Exhaust Velocity\n');
vexhaust_2=input('Stage 2 Exhaust Velocity\n');
end
mass_payload=input('Payload Mass\n');
mtotal_1=input('Stage 1 Total Mass\n');
mtotal_2=input('Stage 2 Total Mass\n');
mempty_1=input('Stage 1 Empty Mass\n');
mempty_2=input('Stage 2 Empty Mass\n');
inertmassfraction_2=(mempty_2+mass_payload)/(mtotal_2+mass_payload);
inertmassfraction_1=(mtotal_2+mempty_1+mass_payload)/(mtotal_1+mtotal_2+mass_payload);
deltav_1=vexhaust_1*(log(1/inertmassfraction_1));
deltav_2=vexhaust_2*(log(1/inertmassfraction_2));
deltav_total=deltav_1+deltav_2;
ff1=0.1:0.00001:0.9;
for i=1:80001
f1 = ff1(i);
massprop_2(i)=((mass_payload)*(exp(((1-f1)*deltav_total)/vexhaust_2)-1)*(1inertmassfraction_2))/(((1-f1)*deltav_total)/vexhaust_2);
%massprop_2(i)=((mass_payload)*(exp(((1-f1)*deltav_total)/vexhaust_2) - 1)*(1inertmassfraction_2))/(1 - inertmassfraction_2*(deltav_2/vexhaust_2));
minert_2(i)=(inertmassfraction_2/(1-inertmassfraction_2))*(massprop_2(i)+mass_payload);
stagemass_2(i)=minert_2(i)+massprop_2(i);
massprop_1(i)=((mass_payload+stagemass_2(i))*(exp(((f1)*deltav_total)/vexhaust_2)-1)*(1inertmassfraction_2))/(((f1)*deltav_total)/vexhaust_2);
%massprop_1(i)=((mass_payload+stagemass_2(i))*((exp((f1*deltav_total)/vexhaust_1)) - 1)*(1inertmassfraction_1))/(1 - inertmassfraction_1*(deltav_1/vexhaust_1));
minert_1(i)=(inertmassfraction_1/(1inertmassfraction_1))*(massprop_1(i)+mass_payload+stagemass_2(i));
stagemass_1(i)=minert_1(i)+massprop_1(i);
masstotal(i)=stagemass_1(i)+stagemass_2(i)+ mass_payload;
payloadfraction(i)=mass_payload/(masstotal(i));
payloadtoinert(i)=mass_payload/(minert_2(i)+minert_1(i));
inertratio_2(i)=(minert_2(i)+mass_payload)/(stagemass_2(i)+mass_payload);
%inertratio_1(i)=(minert_1(i)+stagemass_2(i)+mass_payload)/(stagemass_2(i)+stagemass_1(i)+mass_payload);
end
[M,I] = max(payloadfraction);
ff1(I);
[N,J] = max(payloadtoinert);

SHAKIR_SMAD _ASSG_2

ff1(J);
[O,P] = min(masstotal);
ff1(P);
subplot(2,3,3)
plot (ff1,masstotal,'m - ','LineWidth',2)
hold on
plot(ff1(P),O,'^','markerfacecolor',[1 0 0]);
indexmin = find(min(masstotal) == masstotal);
xmin = ff1(indexmin);
ymin = masstotal(indexmin);
strmin = ['
Minimum at ',num2str(xmin)];
text(xmin,ymin,strmin,'HorizontalAlignment','left');
ylabel('Total SLV Mass (Kg)')
xlabel('Fraction of Delta v Provided by Stage 1')
subplot(2,3,1)
plot (ff1,stagemass_1,'r - ','LineWidth',2)
ylabel('Stage 1 Mass (Kg)')
xlabel('Fraction of Delta v Provided by Stage 1')
subplot(2,3,2)
plot(ff1,stagemass_2,'b - ','LineWidth',2)
ylabel('Stage 2 Mass (Kg)')
xlabel('Fraction of Delta v Provided by Stage 1')
subplot(2,3,4)
plot(ff1,payloadfraction,'g - ','LineWidth',2)
hold on
plot(ff1(I),M,'^','markerfacecolor',[1 0 0]);
indexmax = find(max(payloadfraction) == payloadfraction);
xmax = ff1(indexmax);
ymax = payloadfraction(indexmax);
% strmax = ['Maximum = ',num2str(ymax) num2str(xmax)];
strmax = ['
Maximum at ',num2str(xmax)];
text(xmax,ymax,strmax,'HorizontalAlignment','left');
ylabel('Payload Fraction ')
xlabel('Fraction of Delta v Provided by Stage 1')
subplot(2,3,5)
plot(ff1,payloadtoinert,'k - ','LineWidth',2)
hold on
plot(ff1(J),N,'^','markerfacecolor',[1 0 0]);
indexmax1 = find(max(payloadtoinert) == payloadtoinert);
xmax = ff1(indexmax1);
ymax = payloadtoinert(indexmax1);
strmax = ['
Maximum at ',num2str(xmax)];
text(xmax,ymax,strmax,'HorizontalAlignment','left');
ylabel('Payload to Inert Mass Fraction ')
xlabel('Fraction of Delta v Provided by Stage 1')
% subplot(2,3,4)
% plot (ff1,(masstotal./max(masstotal)),'m - ','LineWidth',2)
% hold on
% plot (ff1,(stagemass_2./max(stagemass_2)),'m - ','LineWidth',2)
% hold on
% plot (ff1,(stagemass_1./max(stagemass_1)),'m - ','LineWidth',2)
% ylabel('Normalized Mass Scale ')
% xlabel('Fraction of Delta v Provided by Stage 1')

SHAKIR_SMAD _ASSG_2