On the Cause and Cure for Cancer, Cellular Biology, the DNA and Related Matters

By
Dr. Yoon Pak and Leslie Iverson
Many theories have been put forth as to the cause of cancer but none more insightful than that by
Francois del la Boe Sylvius in the seventeenth century. Despite working with the primitive tools of his
day, Sylvius was able to determine that acidity of the lymph fluid was a causative factor of cancer and
he was correct. Sylvius lacked the means to probe further into the phenomenon, however, and so an
in depth understanding of it has remained elusive to this day. Its our purpose to complete Sylviuss
work by laying bare not only what causes cancer but by explaining what it is when understood in its
simplest element. We begin by showing that the difference between a benign and malignant tumor is
the degree to which they are vascularized and the effect that blood flow has on the outward facing
protein channels of peripheral cells. We hold that there is a direct correlation between blood supply
and the size of the channels and that together they determine the degree to which amino acids and
other corrosive products flow out into the intercellular environment to cause the lymph fluid to
become acidic as noted by Sylvius. We argue that stopping these products is needed to create the
back pressure required by the DNA to move from the production on one amino acid to another and
reveal what happens when that doesnt occur. We then proceed deeper into the matter to not only
explain the important but non causative role that the DNA plays in cancer but how it works to create
the body and its many systems using the cardio-vascular and nervous systems as our model examples.
We also describe the three forces that drive cellular processes which must be understood for cancer
to be understood. They are the positive and negative charges of polarity, the radiant energy of the
mitochondria both of which are ether phenomenon and back pressure. We go on to show how the
odds of getting cancer can be much reduced with an alkaline diet as noted by Sylvius and explain what
happens when the reverse is true; noting why an alkaline diet is also an anti-aging diet. Finally, we
propose a treatment program that has the potential to stop tumors in their tracks without the brutal
side effects of chemotherapy. We explain why chemotherapy works at all but stops working in late
stage tumors and may not be needed as a treatment option in the future.
That the degree to which tumors are vascularized make up the difference between malignant and
benign tumors is a known but unappreciated fact. The matter is expressed by Becker and Deamer.
The process of vascularization of solid tumors, termed angiogenesis, is essential not only to
metastasis but also to malignant progression and growth. In the absence of vascular supply, solid
tumors usually remain small and confined. The typical avascular tumor consists of an actively growing
cortex at the surface and dead (necrotic) tissue at the core. The progression from the neoplastic but
nonmalignant state of the tumor in situ to the progressively growing state of the malignant tumor
requires a vascular bed to supply the interior of the tumor mass with nutrients and oxygen... (1)

We note from the above statement and argue from our own findings that the difference between a
benign and cancerous tumor is how well vascularized they are and the enlarging effect it has on the
outward facing protein channels of peripheral cells. That in turn determines the degree to which the
products of blood flow such as amino acids are able to leach out from the tumors core to peripheral
cells into the extracellular environment where they cause the intercellular and lymph fluid to become
acidic as noted by Sylvius. The fluid flow of any tumor benign or cancerous is from the inside out as
evidenced by the fact that the density of cells is greatest at a tumors core because of the leaching of
fluids to peripheral cells which swell as a result. All outward facing protein channels throughout a
tumor are enlarged to some degree because of the pressure they experience but the effect is greatest
with peripheral cells. Throughout evolution such leakage was presumed neutralized by the alkalinity
of the lymph and intercellular fluid created by the largely vegetarian diet that existed during those
times. The same was true for isolated groups across the world in modern times including the famous
study of a community of Himalayans in the 1920s where the people claimed theyd never seen cancer.
It protects the connective tissue that nature erected to keep cells from multiplying in perpetuity. If,
however, the onslaught is such that the tissue cannot repair itself as fast as its eaten away, cells
divide and spread and such is the beginnings of a malignant tumor.
The basal membrane [connective tissue; our insert] is present in benign tumors, while the invasive
growth of malignant cells is characterized by fragmentation, reduplication or disappearance of the
basal membrane. During the first phases of malignancy, defects are produced with the interruption of
the lamina densa. Malignant cells have lytic factors that destroy the basal membrane.
The loss of the basal membrane is considered a fundamental criterion of morphological and
biological differentiation between benign and malignant tumors. ...The incidence of metastates
directly correlates with the vascular density of tumor tissue. The angiogenic potential of neoplasms
represents a predictive factor and an essential element of prognosis.
Micro vessel by surface unit is higher in malignant than benign neoplasms, and in highly malignant
forms, that are intensely anaplastic, the capillary network is denser, having the basal membranes
fragmented. These data show the importance of vascularization, neoangiogenesis, in tumor growth
and neoplastic cell metastasizing. ...The loss of the basal membrane is considered a fundamental
criterion of morphological and biological differentiation between benign and malignant tumors.
The growth of a tumor depends on its vascularization. It has been found that poorly vascularized
or even avasular tumors slow down their development or they even stop growing. In contrast, the
appearance of capillaries, the infiltration of a tumor by a great number of capillaries stimulates tumor
growth and proliferation. Malignant cells secrete some substances that stimulate the formation of
new vessels... (2)
The reason that a benign tumor is characterized by dead tissue at its core is because its not well
vascularized as stated. The blood flow that does exist leaches out to peripheral cells to deprive inner
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cells of the nutriments and fluid that they need to survive. The cells in effect sacrifice themselves for
peripheral cells and many dry up and die as a result. Note, however, that should some inner cells
survive and gradually re-vascularize, a benign tumor can in time become cancerous.
Since the flow of fluid from the interior of a tumor to periphery cells cause outward facing protein
channels to enlarge, it follows that the greater the flow the larger they become and since its the total
acidic outflow that determines the tumors destructive capacity, it figures that an alkaline diet should
slow down the progress of even advanced tumors. The thrust of Sylviuss analysis is about preventing
tumors but the advice is applicable to reducing the destructive capacity of existent tumors as well. It
should allow the immune system more time to destroy the invasive growth and for the body to repair
damaged connective tissue. Studies have shown that even with tumors that overwhelmed the bodys
defense to claim their victims, white blood cells had been attacking the malignant growth with a fury.
They had keyed on the acidic outflow but had been overrun by its volume.
Since enlarged protein channels are required for tumors to develop, it figures that cells that secrete
products into the body should be more susceptible to the fatal phenomenon and such appears to be
the case. Tumors arise almost exclusively in the glandular tissue.(3) Such can explain why womens
breast tissue is susceptible to cancer. Age is also a factor in that the longer glandular tissue secretes
its products the more that channels are subject to enlargement because of the traffic. Thats why
people age 60 are much more susceptible to cancer than the young. Also, the more that entities like
viruses and chemicals enter a cell, the more likely they are to wedge channels open explaining why
they are associated with cancer. It follows that any entity that can wedge open proteins channels has
the chance to cause cancer which is confirmed to be the case empirically.
Data suggests that tumors start from a single cell which makes sense in that the greater the traffic
that protein channels experience over the lifetime of a cell the higher the chance that theyll enlarge.
The channels end up on the periphery of both cells away from each other when the cell divides and so
they leach out a higher rate of amino acids on those sides. The membranes in between initially have
no channels. We know they form later on but they are created anew and as such there is no reason
for them to be enlarged. Cellular fluid is thereafter prone to leach out toward the outer periphery of
each cell to create the in-out flow required by a tumor to exist as a tumor and accordingly cancer can
be looked upon as a peripheral phenomena. All this despite the fact that the channels that caused the
initial problem continue to be divided amongst newly created peripheral cells. They would so spread
out amongst new cells in time as to render them harmless did they not experience the same pressure
as old cells causing them to enlarge as well. The process becomes self sustaining in time.
It figures that the protein channels on the outer membrane of the inner cells of a tumor enlarge as
well because of the in-out flow of the tumor but since the pressure is greatest on peripheral cells and
since they interact with the extracellular environment, its through them that cancer inflicts damage.
It also figures that if peripheral cells are lost or destroyed inner cells will push out to take their place
3

and enlarge because of the added pressure they experience. A tumors destructive capacity is, then,
determined by how well vascularized it is, the acidity of the fluid leaching out the cell and the size of
peripheral channels which is a function of vascular outflow.
Its because of the strong outflow of acidic products into the extracellular environment in late stage
tumors that chemotherapy stops working. The reason is that the chemicals used in the process must
be able to enter the enlarged pores of the cell to poison it but when the outflow reaches a certain
level it blows it back like spray from a fire hose. The only reason that chemotherapy works in the first
place is because cancer pores are larger than those of normal cells and so they absorb more of the
poison than regular cells but that stops working in late stage tumors.
We know from Sylvius and the analysis above that acidity in the diet is a recipe for cancer and the
way to prevent it is through an alkaline diet, the avoidance of toxic chemicals and other entities that
can wedge protein channels open but the question arises as to what can be done for people who
already have cancer. Knowing what we know about the process, a few ideas suggest themselves.
Putting the patient on an extreme alkaline diet would be a sound first step to help lower the acidity of
the lymph and intercellular fluid that not only surrounds the tumor but exists throughout the body.
Many people have recommended this approach and we commend them for their enlightened efforts.
A second idea in conjunction with the first is to inject an alkaline substance into the heart of a tumor
to help neutralize the acidic outflow. Reducing the flow should give the bodys immune system more
time to attack the tumor and for connective tissue to repair itself. Cauterizing or otherwise blocking a
tumors feed in blood vessels could be of major importance as well.
The significance of this work hinges on whether or not we have accurately described what causes
cancer and whether that insight can lead to a treatment program to help counter the disease. We
pray weve accomplished that goal in part and for those who are satisfied with this knowledge they
need read no further but we encourage them to do so anyway to avoid missing out on what we view
as a fascinating intellectual journey. Its important in any case for science and the need to know to
explain the workings of cancer in its entirety and to do so we need dig deep into cellular biology. We
show how the DNA and back pressure in conjunction with ribosomes work to produce the cells many
products under normal conditions and how and why things goes awry with cancer. We also show how
the DNA in conjunction with cellular phenomena was designed to create the many systems that exist
in plants and animals. We use as our model examples the cardio-vascular and nervous systems.
The primary job of the DNA is to create enzymes as pointed out by Beadle and Tatum back in 1941
but it manufactures poly peptides and structural proteins as well. The amino acids that it creates for
structural proteins end up primarily as plasma membrane phenomenon which more often than not
determines the functional nature of a cell. They seed on the cholesterol platforms embedded on the
inside surface of the plasma membrane where ribosomes reside. They grow through the membrane
to become functional entities outside the cell which conveys to them their extracellular abilities.
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Its important to note that while most of the amino acids that the DNA churns out for the cells
external needs can be thought of as earmarked for ribosomes embedded on the inside surface of the
plasma membrane, they are also pulled in by ribosomes existing across the cell as for instance those
on the rough endoplasmic reticulum, but also in the nucleus. Since they are designed for extracellular
use, those created elsewhere are useless to the cell except as raw material that degrade because of
disuse. We find that the DNA creates many such products that fall by the wayside and although of no
use as fully constructed entities, they serve a function by degrading into some of the many products
that make up the cytoplasmic soup most of which are presumed needed for the cell to exist.
We gain from the above description insight into the method by which the DNA constructs its many
products, in this case extracellular proteins, that determine a cells function. We know that the DNA
creates one amino acid at a time as it unfolds but what isnt appreciated is that it does so in mass so
as to saturate the cell with that particular product until back pressure with the aid of enzymes force it
to unwind to the next lower rung during which time the outward pressure abates. That brief period is
to us an instant but to the cell its sufficient time to clear the deck and shift gears. The DNA unwinds
to the next rung where it begins production of a new amino acid and does so in mass until saturation
and back pressure stop it as well and the process continues.
The reason we know that product saturation and back pressure force the DNA to unwind is that
such is the only means by which the process can be controlled. The cell is blind and accordingly its
processes must be regulated by feedback mechanisms which is always some form of back pressure.
Biological controls and indeed all self-regulating controls depend on a negative feedback system.
...The principle is in use in the chemistry of cells, the action of organs, the behavior of whole
organisms and even in the regulation of populations.
Positive feedback, sometimes called runaway feedback, occurs rarely and is usually disastrous.
...Positive feedback is not normal in biological systems.
Cellular processes are generally dependent on a feedback system. When feedback is mentioned
without a modifier, it is understood to mean negative feedback since positive feedback is too
uncommon to be considered. (4)
Positive systems dont work in the cell. Besides that, the DNA couldnt know when to unwind even
if it had an intelligence and the will to do it. It has to be forced to and back pressure is the only means
by which it could accomplish that feat. When amino acids leak out the cell to reduce back pressure,
the DNA cant unwind to its next amino acid as it would otherwise do. It manufactures the same acid
time and again screwing up the mechanism by which it makes its protein and polypeptide products.
Modern theory is lost as to how they think the DNA works. Theyve liken it to a post office where
amino acids have mailing addresses attached to them that direct the cell to deliver the right amino
acid to one specific ribosome somewhere amongst the thousands of structures that exist across the
cytoplasm and on the inside surface of the plasma membrane. Not only that but the Postmaster DNA
5

keeps track of what it sent to each and every ribosome so that it can later add to its earlier deliveries
to eventually make the multitude of proteins that it is simultaneously creating across the cytoplasm.
We quote the able writer Lauralee Sherwood in her book Human Physiology From Cells to Systems.
Once assembled, each ribosome participates in the synthesis of only one type of protein. The free
and ER-bound ribosomes differ only in the proteins that they help to synthesize. In contrast to the
rough-ER ribosomes, the free ribosomes synthesize enzymatic proteins that are used intracellularly
within the cytosol. All ribosomes are produced in the cells nucleus under the direction of DNA, with
each being programmed at any given time to facilitate the synthesis of only one specific protein
needed by that cell.
Currently, it is thought that newly formed ribosomes destined to become attached to the rough
ER start to synthesize a leader sequence that acts as a signal, much like an address on a letter.
Another protein present in the cytosol, the signal-recognition protein binds to one of these ribosomes
upon recognizing the newly synthesized leader sequence. Subsequently, the signal-recognition
protein, acting much like a mail carrier, delivers the ribosome to the proper address on the ER
membrane. How does the signal-recognition protein know the proper address? Special proteins
called ribophorin found exclusively in the rough regions of the ER membrane act as the house
address on the membrane. The ribophorins serve as binding sites for preferential ribosome
attachments. The signal-recognition protein (the mail carrier) can recognize both the leadersequence signal on the ribosome (the address on the envelope) and the ribophorin binding site on
the ER (the house address) and therefore delivers the proper ribosome to the proper site on the
rough ER for binding. (5)
The author goes on in her honest endeavor to make sense of the impossible, complex theory but
well spare the reader further details on the matter. Fortunately, weve experienced such bizarre
theories before, notably in quantum physics, and have developed an immunity to them. What weve
learned is that nature is never that complex when reduced to its simplest element and if a theory
sounds unduly complicated, its because it hasnt got to the bottom of thing. A clear example of this is
the Ptolemy vs Copernicus theories of astronomy. Ptolemy charted the heavens as if Earth was the
center of the universe. It was said that when his followers laid out all the charts that the assumption
entailed, it took the space of an auditorium floor to encompass them. Copernicus assumed that the
sun was the center of the solar system and the same information could be put on a desktop. Nature
hadnt changed, only our view of it.
The cell manufactures one amino acid at a time and sends it out the nucleus across the cell with
the assistance of messenger RNA. Why does it need to use messenger RNA to attach itself to the
amino acid and escort it out the cell? The answer is that messenger RNA ups the positive charge on
the now amino acid RNA complex so that it will be repelled by the positive charge of the DNA complex
and nucleus which causes it to be pushed out into the cytoplasm. The ribosomes on the other hand
6

possess a negative charge relative to the messenger RNA-amino acid complex and so they pull them in
as they spread out across the cytoplasm and out to the cells plasma membrane. Its why ribosomes
are embedded on the inside surface of the plasma membrane but the outside surface of the rough
endoplastic reticulum. The plasma membrane is positively charged in relation to ribosomes and so it
attracts them whereas the ribosomes on the rough endoplasmic reticulum reside on its outer surface
because theyre attracted to the positive charge of the nucleus due to their closer proximity to it. The
smooth endoplasmic reticulum doesnt host ribosomes because its always located exactly between
the positive charge of the plasma membrane and nucleus which neutralize each others effect. Thats
why fats and other products that carry little charge can accumulate there without being pulled one
way or another which allows them to be processed for various cellular uses.
Another reason theorists misconstrue how the DNA works is that ribosomes are manufactured in
the nucleus and as such they intercept amino acids en route to the cytoplasm. A variety of products
result but since theyre too big to leave the nucleus they cant effect the ribosome assembly line going
on in the cytoplasm. Its an understandable mistake to make but costly in terms of theory.
When cells leak out massive amounts of amino acids and other incomplete products through the
enlarged protein channels of a cancer cell, part of the back pressure that is required to force the DNA
to its next rung is lost and so it in effect gets stuck as mentioned. It produces smaller based products
that are of little use to the cell. Essential enzymes arent created and the extracellular structures that
the cell needs to function in the greater community of tissues go missing. Thats why cancer cells are
covered with structures of a simple design and without enzymes they begin to lose the function they
were designed to perform. They end up as featureless cells leaching acidic products out the tumor.
One can look at a graphic of a cell and note from the placement of ribosomes across the cell the
strength of the positive and negatives charge driving cellular processes. We show in another place
that polarity and charge is an ether phenomenon where the pressure of the ether varies from point to
point because of its interaction with mass. The ether loses momentum to atomic mass which radiates
it back through the ether which causes the ether to vibrate at a slower pace in that tiny area of micro
space. Such is the essence of a positive charge. The greater the mass the greater the positive charge
of a structure in a cell, but its relative. An object can possess a positive charge in relation to a lighter
object but a negative charge when in the vicinity of a heavier one. Water carries a negative charge in
relationship to the objects it surrounds because of its fluid nature. The DNA carries a positive charge
compared to water but a negative charge relative to the heavier histone and thats why it wraps
around it prior to cellular division. The mass density of the DNA-histone complex is greater than the
DNA would possess alone and it carries a strong positive charge in relation to the cell during division.
Such helps chromosomes to push away from one another during the separation process.
The plasma membrane is another example of polarity at work. The out and inside surface of the
membrane is positively charged in relationship to the fluid in between which is what holds them
7

together. Its also why the lipid bi-layers point inward towards themselves but never touch. Theyre
driven toward the negative charge of the fluid but repelled from their opposites end.
Other than back pressure, which is a kinetic vibrational force, and the radiant energy created by
the mitochondria, which cause objects across the cell to vibrate at a prescribed range, the positive
and negative charge of polarity drive all other processes. How do we know this? First we hypothesize
that to be the case because weve yet to see any other force at play and in the positive weve seen
polarity at work in every cellular process that weve looked at. One of the most vivid examples of this
is seen in the symmetry of living creatures and the spherical nature of plants as viewed horizontally.
The nucleus is the most massive part of the cell and it carries a positive charge relative to the rest
of the cell for that reason. The vacuole on the other hand as exemplified in plants possesses a large
fluid bubble and because of that it carries a strong negative charge relative to the nucleus. The result
is that as the cells of a seed divide the vacuole is attracted towards the cellular mass from which it has
divided. The positively charged nucleus on the other hand moves away from the center of gravity of
the growing entity in the direction of least mass or greatest negative charge and because the vacuole
is so large its sensitive to the slightest difference in charge. The result is that the cells of a plant fill
every little opening which causes its outward expansion to be spherical.
The situation with animals is different because their vacuoles are small. They must remain small in
fact or theyd grow in a spherical manner like plants and not the bi-lateral manner needed for them to
exist as animals. The nucleus of cells gravitate away from the growing mass of the early embryo as it
divides whereas its vacuoles move toward it as was the case with plants. The two sides flipflop in a
direction opposite of each other in other words and thats why one side of a living creature is a mirror
image of its other half. Its interesting to note that the cells of both sides of the divided body use the
same stretches of DNA to manufacture their products but they do so from opposite sides to make it
seem as if two separate but identical stretches of DNA are at work but that is not the case.
A possible objection here is to note that although the two human body halves are mirror images of
one another in most ways they can be different as observed for instance with the heart. Our reply is
that yes one side of the heart is not a mirror image of the other half but it is in the early stages of the
embryo. The heart is in fact perfectly symmetrical until it begins to twist and turn to eventually warp
into the shape that we know it to possess. The same thing occurs with the other organs of the fetus
so the principle holds. We dont know what causes the heart and other organs to transform into the
shapes that they later acquire but suspect it has to do with Earths magnetic and gravitational fields.
Weve explained how the DNA goes awry with cancer but to understand the process in its entirety
we need explain how it and the cell was designed by nature to work under ideal conditions. Human
chromosomes have both a male and female component and the two align in the sex cell as is known.
The secret of the female sex cell is its large size and the condition exists in all species. Its the size of
that cell that allows the chromosomes to unwind so they can match up and join together because of
8

the polarity they emit but they can only do this if one of the strands rotates 180 degrees in relation to
its counterpart so they can align. Otherwise they repel each other. Cytosine must link with Guanine
and Adenine with Thymine and not themselves. The strands will thereafter attract each other except
where they differ which is where you have differences of traits.
The lining up of male and female DNA strands in the egg allows the centromere to form on one end
of the almost identical strands and once linked they are thereafter tied to each other even when they
condense into chromosome form prior to cellular division. They must remain tied together in fact so
that they can unwind from that top position and if the connection is broken both chromosome are
lost to the cell thereafter. Both strands are needed for the DNA to express itself and it can only do so
by producing one amino acid at a time in sequence. The significance of the twist natural to the DNA is
that it allows one amino acid to be created at a time until back pressure forces it to move to the next
rung. The process repeats itself in linear sequence until the strands work their ways to their bottom
ends at which time they have completed the task that they were designed by evolution to perform.
Proof of the linear expression of the DNA can be seen from an analysis of the X chromosome of the
mother. The X chromosome starting at its top and moving down to its end handles the development
of the fetus from conception through its embryonic and fetal stages where it lays out the parts of the
body in sequence from head to toe. It possesses the DNA required to create hemoglobin during that
process but only once the fetus has developed to the point that it can use it. It handles many such
needs as the fetus develops but in sequence and once the fetus passes these stages the chromosome
is never used again. The cells through back pressure, probably with the aid of enzymes that methylate
various part of the DNA, shut off the chromosome as its products would thereafter prove disruptive to
the operation of other chromosomes needed for later construction. Even that strand of DNA that was
used for hemoglobin is shut down and cant be used again. Thats why nature had to produce it on at
least four other chromosomes. Nature spaced them across the genome so the body could produce it
anew when needed at later stages of development. One doesnt see such a clear linear development
in later chromosomes but thats because the body has developed its form and produces primarily
enzymes thereafter the purposes of which are often hard to determine.
A simple way to understand the significance of the above analysis is to imagine the human genome
as having evolved in sequence starting with the X chromosome to one of the other 22 chromosomes.
The X chromosomes got so long that part of it broke off to form a new chromosome until part of it
broke off to form yet another chromosome until the current 23 sets of chromosomes were formed.
Evidence for this is the fact that chimpanzees have an extra set of chromosomes than man but if two
of the chimp chromosomes are spliced together they equal a single human chromosome. It can be
argued that as they split they evolved in different directions but that would be a complicated situation
and nature favors simplicity. Also function had to have been added to the DNA in sequence one gene
at a time over a long period which seems to necessitate a linear relationship between chromosomes.
9

One can imagine all 23 chromosomes glued together in an end to end manner to reflect that idea. If
chromosomes evolved independently of one another, it figures that they would produce different
products at the same time thereby jamming up ribosome assembly lines all across the cell.
Another argument that seems to confirm the linear development theory of the genome is the fact
that some relatively simple life forms can possess massive amounts of DNA. Some primitive animals
can in fact possess more than a hundred times the DNA of a human who by all accounts, especially his
own, is a far more complex, superior creature. The same is true of some plants like the onion. The
size of the onion DNA is enormous. The only way to account for these anomalies is to presume that
evolution is not always an upward progression but rather that it moves side to side as well when the
organism is pushed by Mother Nature to make adaptations to survive. Some animals might have had
to evolve in a sideways manner to adapt to changing environmental conditions which didnt advance
its intellect or strength. Rather it just allowed it to survive. The reason that their DNA became huge is
that the embryo of such a creature has to go through every stage that its ancestors went through to
arrive at its present form. An example of this is the tail that exists on an early stage human fetus until
enzymes eat it away. If man survives a billion years and evolves into the most glorious being in the
galaxy, his early stage fetus will always have a tail which argues the linear development of the DNA.
It figures that newly created cells must return to the same strand of DNA on the same chromosome
to produce the same product, such as blood vessel tissue cells for instance, over and over again until
the need for it comes to a halt. We call the first situation a soft and the second hard stop for lack of a
better way to describe it. Eventually, as systems fully develop in the body, the DNA must reach a hard
stop on not only the production of blood vessel tissue cells but most of its other products as well at
which time its strands become inactive as occurs with the X chromosome. Some cells and tissue are
renewed throughout the life of a creature which implies soft stops but that is the exception rather
than the rule. Most chromosomes having completed their function go into disuse as the individual
reaches maturity. The body no longer creates needed enzymes and as cells divide what remains is
continually halved until a set number of divisions later the enzymes that are left in any cell become
minuscule. Vital processes go unintended and the cell degrades or in effect ages as does its host.
There doesnt appear to be much that we can do about aging as the process is built into our DNA
but this is different than the premature aging brought about by an acidic diet as discussed earlier. An
acidic diet causes the lymph and intercellular fluid to lose its negative charge and without it to pull
cells together they move apart and separate the same as the inner and outer surface of a plasma
membrane would spread if the fluid in between became acidic. Cells separate as they experience the
pressure to move apart which creates the chronic conditions inherent in pre-mature aging such as
rheumatism and arthritis. Most of the conditions related to aging are caused by this preventable
occurrence as evidenced by the long lives and miraculous health of the village of Himalyans studied by
western scientist back in the 1920s. One man was even reported to have fathered a child at a 103.
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Explaining in theory how the DNA works with cells to create and evolve the many systems that
form the body is one thing but seeing how they do it is another. We use the cardio-vascular system as
our first example because its easier to understand than the nervous system which is simply amazing.
There are principles that are utilized by both systems, however, and so they have much in common
despite the higher complexity of the nervous system. The nervous system is also more interesting
because to understand it is to understand the nature of our existence and the many states of mental
phenomenon that we experience introspectively which includes pain and pleasure, consciousness and
self and even the soul if it exists which we believe to be the case.
The cardio-vascular system gets its start in the early fetus with the development of the heart which
is initially symmetrical until it begins to contort into its later shape as mentioned. Its pulmonary and
aortic plumbing spread up and down the body from there. The nature of the cells that they produce
is determined by the DNA but their pathways through the body are controlled by the back pressure
exerted by the other developing structures of the body. All the DNA does in the tissue of the veins
and arteries is tell the cells to keep doing what theyre doing which is to continue to create new tissue
but its the back pressure of the surrounding bodily tissues that control its direction and development.
The narrowing space of the leg force arteries and veins to diminish in size when they move into that
area of the body for instance. The size of the leg is in turn is determined by countless other variables.
Its as if a Cosmic Maestro was conducting a divine symphony composed of millions of instruments.
The veins and arteries of the cardio-vascular system spread out blindly across the body driven ever
forward by inherent growth factors until reduced to the size of capillaries at which time the arterial
and venule systems meet up everywhere across the body by chance. Its only because capillaries are
so small and pervasive that an arterial capillary is bound to meet up with a venule capillary but they
always do so and by God the system works. The two cant but link up even though the exact manner
by which they do so is different with every person on Earth.
The design of the nervous system is more complex than the cardio-vascular system but it follows
many of the same principles as its counterpart. It, like the cardio-vascular system, must evolve from a
single point and spread out from there. The reason we can know this is because the system has to be
an integrated whole to work which means that everything has to be tied together and connected to a
single point the same as the cardio-vascular system connects to the heart.
Using the British philosopher John Lockes approach of self reflection, we note of ourselves that we
have control over the motor system and access to all sensory input that concerns the body as a whole.
We also know that if our conscious mind is lost we are brain dead even if the body should live on. We
deduce from this, then, that we are in effect the control tower of the mind where input for the whole
integrated system turns into output. Does such a point exist? Indeed it does. It exists in a single cell,
the cell of consciousness, but rather than blurt out where it is let us retrace the steps we took to find
it so as to better convey the logic of our reasoning and to make it easier to understand.
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Having learned from Lockes thinking and our own reasoning that the seat of consciousness had to
be the point between input and output for the nervous system as a whole, we wondered where in the
system it could exist. We knew it had to be centrally located so that the conscious mind would have
access to information coming in from the entire system and at the same time be able to act on it with
motor commands that effected the entire system as well. Just asking the question eliminated the two
cerebral hemispheres as neither side can control the other. Evidence indicates that serious damage
to either hemisphere still leaves the individuals conscious mind in tact to confirm this fact. We were
forced, then, to dig digger into the brain where we came to the thalamus thinking it a prime candidate
for mind because everything seems to run through it, so much so that is has often been referred to as
the grand central station of the brain. Unfortunately, it took only moments to realize that it, too, is
bi-lateral in structure and function so we had to eliminate it as well. The same problem arose for the
other bi-lateral structures of the inner brain until we came to the brainstem and notably the reticular
activating system. What made it appealing was that it possesses structures that are not bi-lateral and
the fact that it is one of the oldest neural structures in existence. Not only that but the brain stem of
a chicken, ape, mouse and human are essentially the same, unchanged for uncounted millennium.
We began studying the system and sure enough discovered that consciousness cant exist if serious
harm occurs to the system which is unlike many of the other parts of the brain. Not only that but its
located at the top of the brain stem to make its position strategic. It receives direct input from sight,
sound, smell and sensations coming up the spinal column and is located beneath the hypothalamus
and thalamus so as to have easy access to both cerebral hemispheres. It can stimulate the cerebrum
to activity and not the other way around and when it stops working at night the individual falls to
sleep. We noted further that a persons sleep, dream and waking state matches that of the systems
arousal and dormant states and almost every nerve in the nervous system synapses with it except the
vagus nerve which deals with automated functions. Our minds are ultimately tied to the nerve, but
nonetheless it serves an automated function which is what wed expect if it bypassed the synapses in
the vicinity of the self. The idea that all this could be a coincidence seemed unfathomable but we
leave it to others to make the point.
The outstanding feature of reticular neurons is their far-flung axonal connections. Individual
reticular neurons project to the hypothalamus, thalamus, cerebellum, and spinal cord. Such
widespread connections make reticular neurons ideal for arousing the brain as a whole. For example,
certain reticular neurons, unless inhibited by other brain areas, send a continuous stream of impulses
(via thalamic relays) to the cerebral cortex, which keeps the cortex alert and conscious and enhances
its excitability. This particular arm is known as reticular activating system (RAS). Impulses coming
from all the ascending sensory tracts synapse with RAS neurons, keeping them active and enhancing
their arousing effect on the cerebrum. (6)

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All this should have been enough to convince scientists that the reticular activating system is more
than just a neural switchboard. No doubt their minds were prejudiced by the fact that what puts us
ahead of the ape and other species is the size of our cerebral hemispheres and because we regard
ourselves as superior, we figure that therein is where our consciousness mind must reside. Nothing
could be further from the truth as it turns out and theres more.
The RAS is inhibited by sleep centers located in the hypothalamus and other neural regions, and is
depressed by alcohol, sleep-inducing drugs, and tranquilizers. Severe injury to this system, as might
follow a knockout punch that twists the brain stem, results in permanent unconsciousness. (7)
Does the above ring a bell? Depressed by alcohol, sleep-inducing drugs, and tranquilizers. Isnt that
exactly what happens to our conscious mind when we indulge in such vices. All major neural tracts
except those that are automated synapse with the RAF. Doesnt that qualify it to be the control
center that we attribute to our conscious mind? Consciousness is impossible if the RAF is damaged.
We also know that the structure of the brain stem is alike in almost all species including that of a rat
and chicken and that the size of the human cerebrum is a late evolutionary development. Are we to
think that our ancestors didnt possess consciousness because they lacked the cranial development of
modern man? Is not the top of the brain stem the most strategical and centrally located part of the
brain? Does not sight, sound, smell and all the other senses have direct input into the stem giving us
the information we need to access data in the fastest time possible? Is this not a survival advantage?
Are we to think that information has to proceed all the way up to the cerebrum and back down again
before creatures can react to danger to get the legs moving or simply scream? The system also has a
straight shot down the spinal column to get the body in gear. The RAF is the seat of consciousness.
Another interesting fact that adds confirmation to the above thesis is that serotonin, the most
powerful neurotransmitter in the nervous system, is used almost exclusively by the RAF. It carries the
strongest punch amongst all neurotransmitters and isnt that what we should expect from nature? It
forces the mind to react to danger, hunger, thirst, sexual arousal and other important needs in the
strongest manner possible thereby enhancing a creatures chances to survive and reproduce?
If the RAF is the seat of consciousness, then what is the cerebral cortex about. The answer is long
term data storage and detailed analysis and isnt that the true essence of Mans superiority over other
creatures. The situation parallels that of the computer. A computer has a CPU where input turns to
output for the system as a whole which is what happens with the self. Input from the whole nervous
system turns into output for the whole system. The hard drive is the cerebral cortex and short term
memory is located nearby in the hippocampus. Man unknowing designed the computer in the image
of his own brain but that is to be expected as both must satisfy the same requirements to function.
The RAF is clearly the seat of consciousness but thats a general area and we sought to pin down its
location exactly. We did a detailed analysis and determined that it exists in the dorsal Rafael lobe.
The lobe exists at the most strategically located position in the brainstem which would have to be the
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case if it is to control both sides of the brain and body and it uses serotonin more than any other lobe
in the body. The fact that its situated near the rear of the brain stem may means nothing because at
one time it may have existed at the center of the stem as viewed from front to back. It was probably
after the emergence of frontal structures due to various evolutionary developments that it became a
dorsal structure. Or it simply may have had to be in that position so it could better supply nerves to
the spinal cord and brain as will be explained.
The first nerve cell to form in the embryo of all creatures has to be the cell of consciousness and
from its division and spread the nervous system is formed. Its because it grows from a single cell in
fact that the nervous system is able to develop into an integrated system controlled by a single mind.
Evidence shows that at the onset of the development of the nervous system, nerve cells duplicate in
mass from a first cell but dont form axons until later. They multiple but its only as the embryo begins
to develop and axons grow with the expansion that theyre transformed into their final form. They
spread in all directions and thats what causes the Raphael lobe to develop into the structure that it is.
One can see in photographs of an early embryo that the top of the brain stem is huge in respect to the
rest of the developing nervous system whereas the cerebral hemispheres have yet to close which
seems to add further evidence to our thesis that the growth of the stem precedes that of the brain.
The nerve cells that develop forward from the cell of consciousness toward the anterior or frontal
side of the developing fetus do so in a normal manner to become motor neurons and those that grow
towards the back or dorsal side of the body do so in a reverse, back stepping manner to develop into
sensory neurons. The lobe is located just above the spinal column and below the hypothalamus and
thalamus which guides its growth upward and downward. Its because the motor neurons develop
toward the frontal side of the body that they enter the spinal column from its front side while the
opposite occurs with sensory nerves. This is why the motor nerves run down the spinal cord on the
anterior side of the cord while sensory nerves run down its dorsal side. The same thing happens as
the motor and sensory nerves innervate the brain through the thalamus. The result is that motor
areas end up towards the front of the brain while the sensory section exists at its rear. Motor and
sensory neurons meet as they move up the central part of the thalamus and because of that they end
up side by side at the top of the cerebral cortex. A central plane is created allowing them to interact
with one another to create unique and vitally needed functional interactions.
The nervous system that emerges from the cell of consciousness spreads out everywhere across
the body and because of that it produces far more nerves than needed. We obtain up to five times
more neural tissue than we ever use and thats why it withers away as we age. The saying use it or
lose it applies not only to the nervous system but the body as a whole. Our brains shrink as we age
and cells die but as long as we keep using what weve got we need not suffer a corresponding loss of
capacity. That comes later as we begin to run out of enzymes causing connective tissue to fail.

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Sensory feeds into motor to initiate impulses but usually not the other way around. That mostly
occurs after the motor impulse reaches its destination to cause tissue to react. Motor and sensory
nerves meet up all across the body and thats usually the only way that motor impulses can effect the
sensory system. An impulse is thereafter sent on to consciousness giving it the info it needs to be
aware of whats going on in the body.
Sensory nerves have the ability to reverberate through consciousness to create reflective thought
as described by Locke but they must loop from sensory to motor back to sensory in contrast to how
the system works in other parts of the nervous system. That probably occurs where the frontal motor
cortex meets up with the dorsal sensory cortex through the afore mentioned plane running across the
brain. The motor input initiated by a sensory input has to effect a sensory neuron so that it can move
back through the self and thats what makes the intersection so special. We dont know the extent of
such interactions but it has to occur for reflective thought to exist.
Motor nerves grow up to the cranium through set pathways and return to the rest of the body
through reverse pathways after connecting with intermediate nerves. Thats the only way it can
happen. The function of the intermediate nerves appears to be to make the reverse trip possible so
that the wiring can move back through the thalamus to connect up with lower synapses. Such is
needed to tie the motor function of the cerebrum and nervous system to consciousness. Sensory
lines synapse at these and other junctions to further integrate the system and make motor routes
responsive to local input. The result is an integrated hierarchal but yet decentralized nervous system.
One of the most interesting questions that can be asked about the cell of consciousness is how it
works to create the many experiences that we are all familiar with like pain and pleasure, sight and
sound, smell and touch. How can one cell receive impulses from all over the body and integrate it
into a steady stream of data that never stops during the waking hours of our lives. And where exactly
is consciousness located along the cell of consciousness?
The answer to the last question has to be along the membrane where the dendrite turns into an
axon. It must exist along the entire circumference of the membrane where input coming from the
dendrite, whether from above or below, front or side, is passed on to the axon where it leaves the cell
as a motor response. Neural impulses are known to ride along any and all sides of spherically shaped
dendrites and axons and such is how it has to work. A spinal cord sensory impulse that synapses with
the dendrite on its bottom side will enter the axon from that position travel along its bottom until it
synapses with the dendrite of the next cell and direct it down to connection points in the area from
whence it came. A dendrite can support tens of thousands of synapses and because of that it can
receive sensory input from all across the body. The axon in turn can synapse with multiple dendrites
to convey impulses to various points about the body as well.
If indeed the self exists along the membrane of the cell of consciousness along that undefinable
plane where the dendrite transforms into the axon or in other words where input transforms into
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output for the nervous system as a whole, what is it that causes the sensations that were familiar
with such as pain and pleasure. The answer is the amplitude and frequency of the impulses that move
through the plane of consciousness. The reason we can know this is because thats the nerves only
components. A high amplitude low frequency impulse that disrupt the normal firing patterns of the
dendrite-axon membrane to override other firings is undoubtedly some form of pain whereas those
that are strong but rhythmic are likely some form of pleasure showing that the difference between
pain and pleasure is one of degree and not kind. The thesis is backed up by the fact that some people,
masochists, seem to enjoy inflicting pain on themselves in an effort to enhance the strength of some
pleasurable activity by coupling it with a mild sensation of pain. There are limits to such joy, however,
in that if the pain exceeds a certain threshold even the most ardent nihilist will scream for mercy.
If there is no fine line between pleasure and pain at the upper levels of a neural impulse moving
though consciousness but rather a continuum, what exists below. The answer is joy of some sort. It
can range from strong to mild pleasure at the top to quiet serenity at the bottom. Pain can only exist
at the upper ranges of neural firings and everything below has to be some form of pleasure even if it
be emotional and mental quiet. Even a dying person can experience mild pleasure if he thinks of it as
relief from the cruelties of life and isnt suffering physically. Others who suffer from mental disease,
however, can be beset by painful thoughts that they can neither predict or control so as to create high
amplitude firings that make their lives unbearable. Thats probably why some people seek to isolate
themselves from any stimuli that can set off such episodes. We may think of them as loners but they
may in fact be tormented souls trying to protect themselves from exquisite mental agony.
If, then, we exist along a membrane in the cell of consciousness where input turns into output as
concerns the nervous system as a whole, wherein resides the soul assuming it exists. The answer has
to be along the dividing plane of the membrane where input from the dendrite turns into output for
the axon but since that plane is made up of points that can be divided without end, the soul can be
regarded as an infinitely divisible entity which makes it supernatural in nature as we have no positive
idea of an infinitely divisible entity whether it be matter or otherwise. So what are we to make of this
situation? We make of it what the Greeks made of it which is that there is more to existence than
what appears which opens the door for a supernatural explanation of which God is one.
If the above argument seems dubious, consider this. Its a fact that after our lives end time will go
on forever whether there be anyone to perceive it or not. Likewise, it is a fact that an infinite amount
of time has already occurred up to this date. If one should step into an H.G. Wells time machine and
throw the lever into reverse, hed never come back as there cant have been any beginning to time
and therein resides the problem. If the past is infinite, how did the present arrive? One cant cross an
infinite anything and yet an infinite past had to have been traversed or we couldnt be here. Its not
possible and yet it happened? The same situation exists with mass. It can be divided without end as
their can be no bottom to material existence and yet that makes no sense. So, again, what do we
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make of this? Only that things are not as they appears as stated which necessitates a supernatural
explanation of an unknown nature. Such doesnt prove God but it makes it a real life possibility.
If critical philosophers and scientists should find our arguments too hypothetical for their taste and
steadfastly hold to their view of strict materialism consider this. If there was nothing more to nature
than moving matter as Thomas Hobbes put it, wouldnt we expect the universe to be one big empty
black hole where matter and motion and even time would all be non existent? If there is no greater
super natural explanation for nature, where did matter come from in the first place? It makes no
sense to say it came from nothing and to say it was always here incurs the problem mentioned above.
Its an impossible question to answer and yet matter clearly exists. Again, this doesnt prove God but
it necessitates a super natural explanation and for these and other reasons were betting its God.
Weve gone from science to natural philosophy to meta physics but we did so for a reason as they
are linked. Weve attempted to explain what matter is in its most fundamental element in another
place. (8) We show that atoms are made of slowed and condensed ether particles and they of their
sub ether particles etc, through divisible existence. We show that what constitutes a body is nothing
more than its sub bodies moving in a harmonic manner at all its levels of divisible existence. We learn
from this that harmonic motion is the essence of all that we think of as good whereas random, chaotic
motion is that we regard as bad and evil about the universe. Note, however, that harmonic motion
cant exist without chaotic, random motion which is the source of all bad and evil in the world. It can
be said, then, that good cant exist without evil and such could explain why God allows evil to exist.
Its not that He wants it to exist as nature is mostly directed to evolve life forms to ever higher levels
of harmonic movement. Rather its that good and evil are two sides of the same coin.
Natural philosophy is a fascinating area of inquiry and weve enjoyed sharing our thoughts about
the matters discussed in this work. Its our feeling that science has become too departmentalized and
needs to view matters from a wider perspective as occurred back in the days of Newton and Locke.
We hope that our approach proves useful not only in regards to the DNA but cellular biology which by
all accounts is the most fascinating subjects known to man. More important, however, is whether or
not our analysis of cancer proves true as does our suggestion of how it can be avoided and treated.
We pray our efforts prove useful as weve all lost loved ones to this dreaded disease and the memory
of it haunts us to this day. It is to these dearly missed, beloved souls that we dedicate this work.

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Bibliography:
1. The World of the Cell Becker and Deamer. P.731, Benjamin Cummings Publishing Co. 1991.
2. Comparative Oncology Baba Al, Cagoi C., Bucharest. The Publishing House of the Romanian
Academy, 2007, Chapter 3.1, pages 3,4,9 and 10.
3. Biology Donald D. Ritchne and Robert Carola, P. 131. Addison-Wesley Publishing Co. 1981.
4. Biology Ritchne and Carola, P. 125.
5. Human Physiology Lauralee Sherwood, P.21. West Publishing Company, 1993.
6. Human Anatomy and Physiology Elaine N. Maribe, P.453. Addison-Wesley Longman, Inc. 2001.
7. Human Anatomy and Physiology Maribe, P.453.
8. The Ether, Atom and Nature of Divisible Existence Leslie Iverson, 2015. Scribd.com.

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