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Illegal Aliens
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Illegal immigration is the migration into a state in violation of the
immigration laws and sovereignty of that nation
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Illegal Aliens
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FDR & Lucy Mercer Rutherford: Lucy was Eleanor's social secretary in the period
before 1918. In September, 1918, Eleanor discovered a packet of love letters from
Lucy to FDR. Eleanor later admitted, "the bottom dropped out of my own particular
world & I faced myself, my surroundings, my world, honestly for the first time." FDR
and Eleanor immediately stopped living as man-and-wife. Lucy was dismissed but
came back during FDR's later years.
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1933 FDR
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Winston Churchill
said in 1937
1937: "The Washington
administration has waged so ruthless a war on private enterprise
that the US...is actually...leading the world back into the trough of
depression." The New Deal was repudiated by the voters in 1938
and the Republicans took effective control of Congress. FDR made
the depression worse and prolonged it, including the FDR
recessions of 1937 and 1939. When he was elected there were
11,586,000 unemployed and in 1939 - seven years later- there
were still 11,369,000 unemployed. In 1932 there were 16,620,000
on relief and in 1939 - after seven years - there were 19,648,000
on relief.
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Ellis Island
Island, the New York portal for immigrants, opened in 1892
and became the nations premier federal immigration station.
New arrivals were required to prove their identities, answer a
series of questions, find a friend or relative who could vouch for
them, and were scanned for physical ailments. When it ended
operation in 1954, Ellis Island had processed over 12 million
legal immigrants.
1790
In an area previously controlled by
individual states, an act was
adopted that established a
uniform rule for naturalization by
setting the residence requirement
at two years.
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1819
Congress enacted the first
significant
federal
legislation
relating
specifically
to
immigration. Among its provisions,
it: (1) established the continuing
reporting of immigration to the
United States; and (2) set specific
sustenance rules for passengers of
ships leaving U.S. ports for Europe.
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However, the door was left open for Mexicans (who even then
were desired by employers for their cheap labor)
labor and northern
Europeans. As history would show, this legal immigration led to
illegal immigration and foreshadowed todays debate on these
topics. During the 1920s illegal immigration was the subject of
heated Congressional debates. Edward H. Dowell, vice-president of
the California Federation of Labor, testified before the U.S. Senate
Committee on Immigration in February of 1928 about the burden
of the unrestricted flow of Mexicans on the states taxpayers,
prisons, hospitals and American workers wages. He estimated that
while 67,000 Mexicans entered the U.S. legally the prior year,
many times that number entered illegally.
1864
Congress first centralized control
over immigration under the
Secretary of State with a
Commissioner. The importation of
contract laborers was legalized in
this legislation.
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1875
Direct federal regulation of
immigration was established by a
law that prohibited entry of
prostitutes and convicts.
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1882
The Chinese exclusion law curbed
Chinese
immigration.
Also
excluded were persons convicted
of political offenses, lunatics,
idiots, and persons likely to
become public charges. The law
placed a head tax on each
immigrant.
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1885
Admission of contract laborers was
banned.
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1888
Provisions were adopted--the first
since 1798--to provide for
expulsion of aliens.
1891
The Bureau of Immigration was
established under the Treasury
Department
to
federally
administer all immigration laws
(except the Chinese Exclusion Act).
1903
Immigration law was consolidated.
Polygamists and political radicals
were added to the exclusion list.
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Over the next two decades about 4.8 million Mexican workers
came into the country and provided cheap labor to many U.S.
employers. Although braceros were supposed to be hired only if
an adequate number of Americans could not be found,
found
employers preferred the foreign workers who were willing to
work for lesser wages. The program finally ended in 1964 due to
complaints from unions and Mexican-Americans that these
foreigners were taking jobs from them. Not surprisingly, many of
the former braceros reentered and worked in the U.S. illegally -many for the same employers. Illegal immigration increased
greatly during the years of the supposed temporary work
Bracero Program.
The Los Angeles Times reported in May 1950 that 21,000 Mexican
nationals had flooded across Mexican border into the United
States during April and complained about the overworked,
understaffed border patrolmen and the the
the endless wave of line
jumpers, unprecedented in the nations history. The argument
jumpers
about jobs Americans
Americans wont do
do was recited by an employer,
while the authorities stressed the need to enforce the law.
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1906
Procedural safeguards for naturalization were
Knowledge of English was made a basic requirement.
enacted.
1907
A bill increased the head tax on immigrants, and added people
with physical or mental defects or tuberculosis and children
unaccompanied by parents to the exclusion list. Japanese
immigration became restricted.
1917
Added to the exclusion list were illiterates, persons of
psychopathic inferiority, men as well as women entering for
immoral purposes, alcoholics, stowaways, and vagrants.
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But it was not to last, as seen in prior decades, after the 1965
Immigration Act passed, while legal immigration increased
sharply, illegal immigration rose right along with it. As the Center
for Immigration Studies noted, this increased immigration in part
because
Congress shifted the legal preference system to family relations
and away from employment needs and immigrant ability.
Senator Edward Kennedy said at the time: The
The bill will not flood
our cities with immigrants.
immigrants It will not upset the ethnic mix of our
society. However, this bill spurred chain migration which fueled
illegal immigration, along with a sense of entitlement amongst
illegal immigrants. In subsequent decades, Mexico has become
the primary source country of both legal and illegal immigration.
1921
The first quantitative immigration law was adopted. It set
temporary annual quotas according to nationality. A book review
of Not Like Us: Immigrants and Minorities in America, 1890-1924,
which discusses this period is available here.
1924
The first permanent immigration quota law established a
preference quota system, nonquota status, and consular control
system. It also established the Border Patrol.
1929
The annual quotas of the 1924 Act were made permanent.
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1943
Legislation provided for the importation of agricultural workers
from North, South, and Central America--the basis of the
"Bracero Program." At the same time the Chinese exclusion laws
were repealed.
1946
Procedures were adopted to facilitate immigration of foreignborn wives, fiance(e)s, husbands, and children of U.S. armed
forces personnel.
1948
The first U.S. policy was adopted for admitting persons fleeing
persecution. It permitted 205,000 refugees to enter the United
States over two years (later increased to 415,000).
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1950
The grounds for exclusion and
deportation of subversives were
expanded. All aliens were required
to report their address annually.
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Despite the failure of past amnesties and the fact that these
increase illegal immigration, Bush repeatedly pushed mass
legalization (amnesty) schemes for illegal immigrants using the
well-worn line that they are doing jobs Americans will not or
are not doing. One scheme was the Comprehensive Immigration
Reform Act 2007 which was defeated by widespread popular
opposition.
Today, over 1 million immigrants enter our country legally per year,
while the illegal alien population grows by about 500,
500,000 per
year. Most of those who violate our borders and enter illegally
year
come from Mexico and other Latin American countries. Only about
6 percent of the illegals come from Canada and Europe. Close to
half of all illegal immigrants now residing in the U.S. did not enter
visas Just as the federal
illegally but rather overstayed their visas.
government has historically failed to secure its borders, it has
concurrently failed to closely monitor visa holders.
About 12
12--20 million illegal aliens currently reside in the United
States. California has more illegals than any other state, at about
States
2.4 million. Others states with high illegal alien populations include
Texas, Florida and New York, although many states are now
impacted.
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1952
The multiple laws which governed immigration and naturalization
to that time were brought into one comprehensive statute. It (1)
reaffirmed the national origins quota system, (2) limited
immigration from the Eastern Hemisphere while leaving the
Western Hemisphere unrestricted, (3) established preferences for
skilled workers and relatives of U.S. citizens and permanent
resident aliens; and (4) tightened security and screening
standards and procedures.
1953
The 1948 law was increased to admit over 200,000 refugees
above the existing limit.
1965
The national origins quota system was abolished. But still
maintained was the principle of numerical restriction by
establishing 170,000 Hemispheric and 20,000 per country ceilings
and a seven-category preference system (favoring close relatives
of U.S. citizens and permanent resident aliens, those with needed
occupational skills, and refugees) for the Eastern Hemisphere and
a separate 120,000 ceiling for the Western Hemisphere.
1976
The 20,000 per-country immigration ceilings and the preference
system became applied to Western-Hemisphere countries. The
separate Hemispheric ceilings were maintained.
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1978The
1980
The Refugee Act removed refugees as a preference category and
established clear criteria and procedures for their admission. It
also reduced the world-wide ceiling for immigrants from 290,000
to 270,000.
1986
The Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA) was a
comprehensive reform effort. It (1) legalized aliens who had
resided in the United States in an unlawful status since January 1,
1982, (2) established sanctions prohibiting employers from hiring,
recruiting, ar referring for a fee aliens known to be unauthorized
to work in the United States, (3) created a new classification of
temporary agricultural worker and provided for the legalization of
certain such workers; and (4) established a visa waiver pilot
program allowing the admission of certain nonimmigrants
without visas.
Separate legislation stipulated that the status of immigrants
whose status was based on a marriage be conditional for two
years, and that they must apply for permanent status within 90
days after their second year anniversary.
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1989
A bill adjusted from temporary to permanent status certain
nonimmigrants who were employed in the United States as
registered nurses for at least three years and met established
certification standards.
1990
Comprehensive immigration legislation provided for (1)
increased total immigration under an overall flexible cap of
675,000 immigrants beginning in fiscal year 1995, preceded by a
700,000 level during fiscal years 1992 through 1994, (2) created
separate
admission
categories
for
family-sponsored,
employment-based, and diversity immigrants, (3) revised all
grounds for exclusion and deportation, significantly rewriting the
political and ideological grounds and repealing some grounds for
exclusion, (4) authorized the Attorney General to grant
temporary protected status to undocumented alien nationals of
designated countries subject to armed conflict or natural
disasters, and designated such status for Salvadorans, (5) revised
and established new nonimmigrant admission categories, (6)
revised and extended through fiscal year 1994 the Visa Waiver
Program, (7) revised naturalization authority and requirements,
and (8) revised enforcement activities.
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Immigration History:
History: The 1970
1970ss to the
Present The 1970s through 1990s: Immigration Issues,
Review, and Revision
The patterns of immigration and the policy considerations relating
to it in the 1970s resembled in some respects those of the 1950s
after the enactment of the Immigration and Nationality Act. In
both decades, the entry of aliens outside the provisions of the
basic law--both illegally as undocumented aliens, and legally as
refugees was increasingly the dominant pattern in immigration
and the basis for the major issues confronting the Congress.
Legislative response to the issue of refugees in 1980 and
undocumented aliens in 1986 was followed in 1987 by a shift in
congressional attention to legal immigration.
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Act of 1990
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POWER
Barred legal admission for removed illegal aliens (for 5 to 20 years depending on
the seriousness of the immigration violation) and permanently barred admission
for deported or removed aggravated felons.
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President Barack
Obamas new
Executive Order that
stopped automatic
deportation of illegal
aliens is more than just
a back-door passage of
the Dream Act but
actually something
that undermines both
the Legislative and the
Judicial branches of
our government.
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The Department of Labor fosters and promotes the welfare of
the job seekers, wage earners, and retirees of the United States
by improving their working conditions, advancing their
opportunities for profitable employment, protecting their
retirement and health care benefits, helping employers find
workers, strengthening free collective bargaining, and tracking
changes in employment, prices, and other national economic
measurements. In carrying out this mission, the Department
administers a variety of Federal labor laws including those that
guarantee workers rights to safe and healthful working
conditions; a minimum hourly wage and overtime pay; freedom
from employment discrimination; unemployment insurance; and
other income support.
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The Center for Immigration Studies is an independent, nonpartisan, non-profit, research organization. Since our founding in
1985, we have pursued a single mission providing immigration
policymakers, the academic community, news media, and
concerned citizens with reliable information about the social,
economic, environmental, security, and fiscal consequences of
legal and illegal immigration into the United States
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http://www.ice.gov/
Philadelphia Field Office
Area of Responsibility: Delaware,
Pennsylvania, West Virginia
1600 Callowhill St., 6th Floor
Philadelphia, PA 19130
Phone: (215) 656-7164
To contact ICE leadership, please
write to
Director John Morton
U.S. Immigration and Customs
Enforcement
500 12th St., SW
Washington, D.C. 20536
To contact DHS leadership, please
write to
Secretary Janet Napolitano
Department of Homeland Security
Washington, D.C. 20528
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Department of Homeland
Security (DHS)
Mailing Address: U.S. Department
of Homeland Security,
Washington, D.C. 20528
Citizen Lines:
Operator Number: 202-282-8000
Comment Line: 202-282-8495
http://www.dhs.gov/
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http://www.fbi.gov/
https://tips.fbi.gov/
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United States Department of
Justice USDOJ
USE TO REPORT HUMAN
trafficking
Hotline/How to file a complaint
Report trafficking crimes or get
help by calling the toll-free hotline
1-888-428-7581 (voice and TTY)
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http://www.ssa.gov/
Internal Revenue Service (IRS)
Fraud Line: 1-800-829-0433
While the IRS has the task of making sure we pay the extensive
bill for illegal immigration, they can also be an asset to your
efforts. Please report employers that hire illegal labor and use
illegal alien day laborers to the IRS.
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http://www.bbb.org/
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H1-B visas only for jobs Americans cant do. (Dec 2007)
Americans will do any job if you pay them properly. (Dec 2007)
Oppose granting drivers licenses to illegal immigrants. (Nov 2007)
Supported Bush plan: both border fence & path to citizenship. (Nov 2007)
2007: Immigration reform failed because McCain absent. (Oct 2007)
Sanctuary cities exist because feds cant enforce their laws. (Sep 2007)
Its impractical to deport 14 million illegal immigrants. (Jun 2007)
Voted for border fence, but to tackle drug trafficking. (Jun 2007)
Voted YES on continuing federal funds for declared "sanctuary cities". (Mar 2008)
Voted YES on comprehensive immigration reform. (Jun 2007)
Voted NO on declaring English as the official language of the US government. (Jun
2007)
Voted YES on eliminating the "Y" nonimmigrant guestworker program. (May 2007)
Voted YES on building a fence along the Mexican border. (Sep 2006)
Voted YES on establishing a Guest Worker program. (May 2006)
Voted YES on allowing illegal aliens to participate in Social Security. (May 2006)
Voted YES on giving Guest Workers a path to citizenship. (May 2006)
Voted YES on allowing more foreign workers into the US for farm work. (Jul 1998)
Voted NO on visas for skilled workers. (May 1998)
Voted NO on limit welfare for immigrants. (Jun 1997)