2016

WORKBOOK
Detailed Explanations of

Try Yourself Questions

Instrumentation Engineering
Optical

Basic Optics

g =

4
3

We know, n1 sin i = n2 sin r

1 sin 30 =

4
sin
3

1
r = sin

0.5
1.33

r = 20.08

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T1 : Solution

T2 : Solution
The maximum number of lines required are
589.6 + 589
Mean (1, 2 )
2
=
(589.6 589)
1 2

589.3
= 982.16 ; 982
0.6

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Fiber Optics

NA =
=

n12 n22
2

(1.5) (1.45) = 0.384

T2 : Solution
P = 2 mW
Attenuation = 10

10
= 0.1dB
1000

R = 0.55 A/w
Detector current = 0.55

2
Amp.
103

= 1.1 mamp
T3 : Solution
t =

n1 L n1
1
C n2
1.46 1000 1.46
1
3 108 1.45

= 33.56 ns.

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T1 : Solution

T4 : Solution

m
50

100 m

1 mm
50

Spot diameter = 2r a
here a = sin1 Na
= sin1 1.52 1.4852
= 12.216
= 0.213 rad
D = 2 1000 0.213 = 427 m
Total length of photo-detector array
427 + 50 + 50 m = 527 m
Diameter of one photodetector = 5 m
So, total number of photo detector in array
=

527
; 106
5

T5 : Solution
1
1
c = sin1 = sin1
= 43.6

1.45

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Lasers

=
=
Areal spread =
=
=

1.22 1.22 729 109

=
d
6 10 3

1.48 104 rad

(r)2
3.14 54.76 108
1.72 1010

T2 : Solution

1.22
d

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T1 : Solution

d
= 1 2
2
2 d1

2 2d
2

2 = 4
= 4 Times

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Light Emitting Diode (LED)

Photodiode, Photo-Resistor

D1 and D2 are in forward bias

D1 ON
1 k

D2 OFF
100 k

0.3 V

10 V

2 k
5V

V1

V2K = ?

4 k

3 k

V3K = ?

5 V
5
=
4 k + 3 k 7 k
= 0.7214 mA
V3 k = i2 3 k = 2.14 V
From circuit
Ii = 1.41 mA
So, V2 k = 1.41 mA 2 k = 2.8 V
i2 =

T2 : Solution
0.75 =

Ip / q

P / hV

Ip
q

hV
P

0.75 65 10 6 1200 10 9
6.625 10 34 3 108
I = 47.1 A

IP =

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T1 : Solution

T3 : Solution
I = Sensitivity Intensity Area
I = 0.55 10 103 102
and output voltage
Vo = IRL
= 5.5 105 100 103
= 5.5 V
T4 : Solution

R=

Ip
Pi

Ip = Pi R
= IAR
=
=
VL =
=
=

103W
A
10 106 0.5
W
104

0.5 104 A
IR
0.5 104 100 k
5V

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5
T1. Solution:

n = t ( 1)
5 589 109 = 5 106 ( 1)
= 1.589
T2 : Solution
= 589 nM
d = 2 mm
D = 4 cm = 40 mm
D>>d
Location n of nth bright fringe from the central
position xn is

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T1 : Solution

Interference

xn =
x10 =

D
n
d
40
10 589 10 9
2

= 117.8 m
Fringe width ()
=

D
40
=
589 109
d
2

= 11.78 M

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