EARLY CHRISTIAN ARCHITECTURE

Character:
Simplicity in design and treatment
Coarseness in execution
Material: savaged from pagan structures
Basilican plan for churches (east oriented)
System: trabaeted & arcuated
Basilican Church of St. Peter, Rome
Church of St. John Lateran
S. Clemente, Rome
Torcello Cathedral
S. Sabrina, Rome
Church at Qalb Louzeh
BYZANTINE ARCHITECTURE
Character:
Simplicity in external design
Richness in internal treatment
Material: bricks used for walls & concrete for domes
Marble for columns
System: fusion of domical construction
Sta. Soffia of Constantinople, Hagia Sophia- for emperor Justinian
Arch. Arthemus of Tralles
Isodorus of Miletus
- now a muslim mosque
St. Mark, Venice Italy- most important example of Byzantine
S. Theodore, Athens
S. Vitale, Ravenna
ROMANESQUE- roman like art
Character: Sober & Dignified
Material: stone & brick for Germany
System: arcuated
principle of equilibrium through vaulting system made up of rib & panel
vaulting
Principal building: Cathedral- Greek cross plan (east oriented)
Countries that adapted Romanesque:
ITALY
FRENCH ROMANESQUE
GERMAN ROMANESQUE
Pisa Cathedral

Pisa Campanile
Cathedral
Baptistery
Madeleine Vezelay- earliest form of cross-pointed vault in France
Abbaye-Aux Homes, Caen Order- prototype of Gothic
Worms Cathedral- emperor Charlemagne
Abbey of Bomay
S. Semin, Toulousse
Autun Cathedral
Cahors Cathedral
La Ziza, Palermo
Monreale Cathedral
Lubeck Cathedral
S. Trophime, Arles
S. Zeno Maggiore, Venice
Trier Cathedral
GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE
France- style ogivale
- lofty & aspiry quality
- structural honesty
- economy in use of material
System: Arcuated w/ Pointed Arches
Material: stone
Principal building: Cathedral- Latin Cross (west oriented)
Countries that adapted Gothic:
FRENCH GOTHIC
ENGLISH GOTHIC
BELGIUM & DEUTCH GOTHIC
ITALIAN GOTHIC
Cathedrals
Notre Dame, Paris- oldest Gothic Cathedral
By bishop Maurice De Sully
Finest & most characteristic French gothic
Chartres Cathedral- 130 stained galss windows
Profussion of sculptured figures in west front
Rheims Cathedral- coronation church of kings of France
500 carved statues on west facades
Ameins Cathedral- archt Robert de Luzarches
Typical French cathedral
Carved woodwork on choir stalls
Beauvais Cathedral- tallest in Europe, 157 to the vault
1 of the wonders of medieval in France
Fortified Towns

Carcassone- 50 towers, moat & walls

Castles
Chateau de Perrefonds- elongated location, overlooking town
Arch. Viollet- le- Duc
Cathedrals
1st div- Cathedral of the Old Foundation- served by secular clergy
York Cathedral- largest cathedral among English cathedral
Salisbury Cathedral- English gothic caharcteristic
2nd div- Cathedral of the Monastic Foundation- served by monks or regular clergy
Cantherbury Cathedral- 1st Norman church
Winchester Cathedral- longest gothic cathedral in Europe
3rd div- Cathedrals of the New Foundation- served by bishops
presence of 2 chapels- lady chapel- Virgin Mary
- chantry chapel- patrons are burried
Monastery
Westminster Abbey- largest Benedictine Founation
Triple group of monastery
Coronation church & burial place for Eng kings
Royal Palace- parliament & Big Ben
Westminster Church- highest
Castles
Tower of London- builder Bishop Gundolf for William I
Manor House
Hampton Court Palace- archt Cardinal Wolsey
University
University of Oxford
Cambridge University
Hall Church
St. Elizabeth, Manburg- typical church in Germany
Cologne Cathedral- largest gothic church in Northern Europe
Milan Cathedral- 2nd largest church in Europe
archt Henrich Von Gmunden
Sienna Cathedral- stripped marble found in walls & tiers of church
Santo Corce- Arnolfo de Cambio, 1 of largest in Europe
Florence Cathedral- combination of gothic & renaissance
Arnolfo de Cambio
Famous group bldg in the world
Doges Palace in Italy- civic example gothic in Italy
Giovanni & Bartolome Buon
Ca D Oro- one of the famous palatial homes during gothic period
Civic Cathedral- largest Cathedral in Europe

RENAISSANCE- rebirth of classical

Character: Dignity & Formality achieved thru symmetry
System: Trabaeted and Arcuated
Elements: pediment, horizontal cornice, columnar arcade
Countries that adapted Rennaisance:
ITALY
FRENCH RENAISSANCE
GERMAN RENAISSANCE
SPANISH RENAISSANCE
ENGLISH RENAISSANCE
Brunelleschi- most famous architect in Italy
Dome of Florence Cathedral- gothic & renaissance
Palazzo Pitti- largest except for Vatican
Alberti- author of first architecture book after invention of printing
De re Aedificatoria
Church of Santa Andrea, Mantua- prototype of later renaissance
Bramante- first Roman architect of renaissance time
Pazzo Della Cancellaria
Vatican Palace, Rome
Raphael- cousin, pupil of baramnte & one of the greatest painters
Vatical Loggie
VignolaVilla of Pope Julius, Rome
Palazzo Farnese, Caprarola- most maginificent of Roman palaces
Gesu Church, Rome- prototype of Jesuit Church in baroque style
Michael AngeloMedici Mausoleum- wealthiest family in Italy
Capitol, Rome- mos successful civil work
LonghenaSta. Maria Della Salute, Venice- structure in the middle of canal
St. Peters Basilica- most famous in Italy, Renaissance period
Florence Cathedral, Italy- 138
St Peters Basilica, Italy- 137 1/2
St Paul, London- 112

Renaissance
Renaissance
Renaissance

FRENCH RENAISSANCE
Chateau de Bury (typical French chateau)
Chateau de Blois (spiral shell staircase)- Leonardo da Vinci
Palaces
Palais de Louvre (historical artifacts)- Pierre Lescot
Palais de Tuilleries- Philbert de Larme

(residence of French rulers till 1879)

Palais de Versailles (for Louis xiv)- Le Vau
Churches
Church of the Sorbonne- Le Mercier
Dome of the Invalides (niche of Napoleon Boniparte)
GERMAN RENAISSANCE- French style, use of bricks
Heidelber Castle
Salzberg Cathedral
Palace of Charles V. Granada- Pedro Machuca, best example
Escorial (art works)- Julian de Bautista, Julian de Herera
w/ monastery, collage, church & place
Granada Cathedral- Diego de Silde
One of the grandest cathedral in Spain
Tomb of Ferdinand & Isabela & others
ENGLISH RENAISSANCE
Elizabethan Mansion
Architects:
Inigo Jones- deciple of Italian Renaissance
characterized by the use of bricks
Banqueting House, White Hall
Queen,s House, Grenwich
Sir Christopher Wren- deciple of French renaissance
St Pauls Cathedral- greatest masterpiece, model English
53 London churches
Grenwich Observatory & hospital
Fountain court & garden faade of Hampton Palace

REVIVAL ARCHITECTURE- 19TH CENTURY ARCHITECTURE

Marked by Battle of Style- conflict between GOTHIC & CLASSIC
Britain
Greek Revival & Graeco Roman
Railway Buildings
Personalities
Awn Pugin
Crystal Palace- S. Joseph Paxton
Somerset House- S. W. Chambers
Bank of England- S. John Soane
Gothic Revival
Renaissance Revival
Personalities
Liver Pool Cathedral- S.G. Scott
Westminter Palace- S. Charles Barry
Central Europe
Neo Renaissance
Madeleine Paris- Vignon
Arc de Triomphe- Chalgrin
Brandenburg Gate
High Neo Renaissance
Votive Church, Vienna- Fernstel
Neo- Baroque
Paris Opera House- Charles Garnier
EARLY 20TH CENTURY
Ritz Hotel- first building made of reinforced concrete & glass after war
- Mewes & Davies
Ecole Des Beaux-Arts- Architectural Design
Ecole de polytechnique- Engineering

AMERICAN ARCHITECTURE- Georgian/ Colonial Architecture

White House, Washington- Mckim, Mead & White
Independence Hall, California- Andrew Hamilton
Classic Revival example:
Capitol, Washington D.C.- Thornton, Hallet & Latrobe
University of Virginia- Thornton, Hallet & Latrobe
Montecillo Virginia- Thornton, Hallet & Latrobe
Plan of Washington D.C.- Charles Pierre L Enfant
Federal Hall, Washington D.C.- Charles Pierre L Enfant
Washington Monument, Washington D.C.- Robert Mills
Philadelphia Exchange- William Stricklamp
Revival of Gothic example:
Trinity Church, New York- Richard Upjan
St. Patricks Cathedral- James Wrenwick
St. John the Divine Cathedral, NY- Le Farge
Marshal Field Store, Chicago- Henry Richardson
MUSLIM ARCHITECTURE
Great Mosque Mecca
Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem- holiest place
Great Mosque Cordova- capital of Islam religion in West
Giralda, Seville- most beautiful towers
Alhambra Granada- part of royal palace, most famous
Taj Mahal, Agra- most important, made of marble

INDIAN ARCHITECTURE
Great Stupa Sanchi- characteristic of Indian architecture
Golden Temple of Sikhs- holiest temple
CAMBODIAN ARCHITECTURE- Stone Carving
Angkor Thom- founder Jayavarman
- center of town Bayon (main temple 54 towers)
Angor Wat- one of architectural wonders of world
- largest religious structure in the world, behive shape towers
INDONESIAN ARCHITECTURE- Hindu influenced (stone carving)
Borubodur- largest budhist temple