Conjunction

A conjunction is a word which merely joins together sentences or clauses,

andsometimeswords.
1.ThatisabeautifulplaceandIhavebeenthere.
2.ThatisthebeautifulplacewhereIhavebeento.
ClassesofConjunctions
Conjunctions are divided into two classes: 1) Coordinating and 2) Sub
ordinating.
1.Coordinatingconjunction:
Itjoinstogetherclausesofequalranks.Foreg.Heisslow,butheissure.
2.Subordinatingconjunction:
It joins together clauses in which one is dependent on the other. For eg.
Sinceyouwishtoexcelinlife,youmustlearnEnglish.
Somerules
Rule:Scarcelyshouldbefollowedbywhen,notbythan.
Incorrect:Scarcelyhadhearrivedthanhehadtoleaveagain.
Correct:Scarcelyhadhearrivedwhenhehadtoleaveagain.
Rule:Nosoonerisfollowedbythan,notbybut.
Incorrect:Nosoonerhadwereachedthestationbutthetrainleft.
correct:Nosoonerhadwereachedthestationthanthetrainleft.
Note:"NosoonerA...thanB"isverysimilarto"ScarcelyA...whenB"and
hasalmostthesamemeaning.
Rule:Donotuseseldomoreverinplaceofseldomornever.
Incorrect:Thenationalnetworkseldomorevertelecastsgoodprogrammes.
Correct:Thenationalnetworkseldomornevertelecastsgoodprogrammes.
Rule : Correlative conjunctions should be followed by the same part of
speech.
Incorrect:Heneitheragreedtomyproposalnortohis.
Correct:Heagreedneithertomyproposalnortohis.
Rule:Neitherisfollowedbynor,notbyor.
Incorrect:Thephoneneitherwentdeadorworkedproperly.
Correct:Thephoneneitherwentdeadnorworkedproperly.
Rule:Theconjunctionthatisnotusedbefore
i)asentenceindirectnarration.
ii)aninterrogativeadverborinterrogativepronounintheindirectnarration.
Incorrect:Hesaidthat,"itisnoneofmybusiness".
Correct:Hesaid,"Itisnoneofmybusiness."
Incorrect:Heaskedmethatwhichwasthewaytothestation.
Correct:Heaskedmewhichwasthewaytothestation.
Rule:Althoughgoeswithyetoracomma(,)intheotherclause.
Incorrect:AlthoughManoharishardworking,buthedoesnotgetajob.
Correct:AlthoughManoharishardworking,yethedoesnotgetajob.
Note : Though/Although is used with contradictory sentences (sentences
expressingoppositeviews).
Incorrect:Sinceshewassick,sheattendedtheparty.

Correct:Thoughshewassick,sheattendedtheparty.
Rule:Nothingelseshouldbefollowedbybut,notbythan.
Incorrect:MrBureaucrat!Thisisnothingelsethanredtapism.
Correct:MrBureaucrat!Thisisnothingelsebutredtapism.
Rule : The correlative conjunctions indeed... but are used to emphasis the
contrastbetweenthefirstandthesecondpartsofthestatement.
Incorrect:Iamindeedhappywithmyschoolbutitproducesfamousmen.
Correct:Iamindeedhappywithmyschoolthatitproducesfamousmen.
Rule:Ina"notonly...butalso..."sentence,theverbshouldagreewiththe
noun or pronoun mentioned second, that is, the one after but also because
thisisthepartbeingemphasised.
Incorrect: Not only the students but also the teacher were responsible for
whathappenedintheclass.
Correct:Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacherwasresponsibleforwhat
happenedintheclass.
Rule:Notonly...butalsoalwayscomesbeforethesamepartofspeech.
Incorrect: They not only gave me standing ovation but also a cash prize of
`1000.
Correct: They gave me not only standing ovation but also a cash prize of
`1000.
Rule : Such...as is used to denote a category whereas such...that
emphasisesthedegreeofsomethingbymentioningitsconsequence.
Incorrect: Each member of the alliance agrees to take such action as it
deemsnecessary.
Correct: Each member of the alliance agrees to take such action that it
deemsnecessary.
Rule:Theconjunctionlestisfollowedbyshould.
Incorrect:Workhardlestyouwouldfail.
Correct:Workhardlestyoushouldfail.
Note: Lest is a negative word. There should be no use of not, nothing,
never,nowithlest.
Incorrect:Wordhardlestyoushouldnotfail.
Correct:Wordhardlestyoushouldfail.
Rule:Theconjunctionsoasisusedforcomparisoninanegativesentence
whereasasisusedinapositiveoraffirmativesentence.
Incorrect:Heisnotastallashisbrother.
Correct:Heisnotsotallashisbrother.
Rule:Theconjunction,bothisfollowedbyandandnotbyaswellasor
alongwith.
Incorrect:Boththeboysaswellasthegirlswereasbent.
Correct:Boththeboysandthegirlswereabsent.
Rule : The conjunction unless denotes condition whereas until denotes
time.
Incorrect:Untilyouworkhard,youwillnotsucceed.
Correct:Unlessyouworkhard,youwillnotsucceed.
Note : Unless and Until are negative words. There should be no use of
notnothing,neverwithunlessanduntil.
Questionsbasedonaboveconcepts.
Directions:Ineachofthefollowingquestions,findoutwhichpartofthe
sentence has an error. The error may be grammatical or idiomatic. If
thereisnomistake,theanswerisNoerror.
1. The managing director well as (a)/ the Board members was in (b)/ favour
oftakingstrictaction(c)/againstthestrikingworkers.(d)/Noerror(e)
2. Unless he does not return (a)/ all the library books (b)/ he will not be
relieved(c)/fromtheservice.(d)/Noerror(e)
3. You must either tell me (a)/ the whole story or (b)/, at least, the (c)/ first
halfofit.(d)/Noerror(e)
4. The old woman has had the (a)/ best medical facilities available (b)/ but
shewillnotbecuredunlessshedoesnothave(c)/astrongdesiretolive.(d)/
Noerror(e)
5.HardlyhadIreached(a)/theairportwhere(b)/ I learnt about the powerful
(c)/bombexplosion.(d)/Noerror(e)
6. The manager of the bank (a)/ was busy so he asked them (b)/ to come
andseehimbetweentwoto(c)/threeintheafternoon.(d)/Noerror(e)

7.Becauseheisphysically(a)/strong,thereforehewas(b)/selectedforthe
school(c)/boxingteam.(d)/Noerror(e)
8. Being a strict (a)/ vegetarian he depended (b)/ on milk and fruit and (c)/

8. Being a strict (a)/ vegetarian he depended (b)/ on milk and fruit and (c)/
hadtocookforhimself.(d)/Noerror(e)
9. Even though the shirt (a)/ is rather expensive but (b)/ I wish to purchase
(c)/itwithmyownmoney.(d)/Noerror(e)
10.UnlessAshishdoesnot(a)/returnallthelibrarybooks,(b)/hewillnotbe
awarded(c)/thepasscertificate.(d)/Noerror(e)
Answerswillbeprovidedsoon
1.aAddasbeforewell
2.aReplacedoesnotreturnwithreturns
3.eNoerror
4.cReplacedoesnothavewithhas
5.bReplacewherewithwhen
6.cReplacetowithand
7.bRemovetherefore
8.cReplaceandwithor
9.bRemovebut
10.aReplaceunlesswithif