Cell Metabolism 3410

Exam II Energetics
Another Gift
Memorize The One Letter Abbreviations of the
Amino Acids

1.

In the primary phase of the pentose phosphate shunt, there are reducing equivalents generated. Assuming, a mole
of glucose-6-phophate enters into the pentose phosphate shunt and is transformed to [HIDDEN]. How many moles
of which reducing equivalent are generated?

2.

In the pentose phosphate shunt, there are two [HIDDEN] reactions. Which of the following is a product from one of
these reactions?
[hidden]= strong forward pulling, Answer: The pull towards 6-phosphoglucono--lactone
is strong. The pull towards Ribulose-5-phosphate is strong.

3.

A patient presents with a fever and an accompanying bacterial infection. The patient reports no allergies to any
medications. Metabolite analysis reveals a below physiological-normal amount of Ribulose-5-phosphate. Which of
the following medications would be risky to administer to the patient?
Antimalarials (Quinones), Antipyretics (acetaminophen), Sulfa
antibiotics

4.

The [HIDDEN] produces metabolites that are directly used in what other metabolic pathway?

5.

Which enzyme in the pentose-phosphate-shunt can generate [HIDDEN]-5-phosphate?

6.

A patient presents with memory loss and partial paralysis. There is a syndrome with these symptoms. On a hunch,
you order a metabolite index for pentose phosphate shunt metabolites. What are you expecting? (Clue: what would
the affected enzyme process)

Ribulose-5-Phosphate= 6-Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase

Ribose-5-Phosphate= Phosphate Pentose Isomerase
Xylulose-5-Phosphate= Phosphate Pentose Epimerase

Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome. Transketolase loses affinity to TPP, Thiamine levels fluctuate frequently

7.

Why are you expecting that in the metabolic profile?

Km increases, Transketolase loses affinity to TPP

8.

The reason Acetyl CoA is capable of transferring two carbon groups is

The acetyl group is bound with a high energy thioester bond

9.

If pyruvate undergoes [HIDDEN] what does it become?

10.

Which of the following pathways DOES NOT require the use of oxygen or water?

Transamination --- Alanine (A)

Reduction --- Lactate
Oxidative decarboxylation --- Acetyl CoA
Carboxylation --- Oxaloacetate

glycolysis

11.

If ATP is elevated in [HIDDEN] cells, what is the effect on the glycolysis pathway in those cells?
[hidden]=muscle, -levels of 1,6 bisphosphate will decrease

12.

What protection does the feedback regulation of hexokinase offer the cell?

13.

Which of the following amino acids CANNOT supply carbon for [HIDDEN]?
[hidden]: gluconeogenesis, Answer: lysine (K) or leucine (L)

14.

[HIDDEN]?

15.

Which of the following TCA enzymes creates [HIDDEN]?

[hidden]=isocitrate, Answer: aconitase

16.

Which TCA enzyme catalyzes the highest [HIDDEN] reaction in the canonical pathway?
[hidden]= Endergonic, Answer: Malate Dehydrogenase

17.

A patient presents with fatigue and metabolite analysis reveals elevated [HIDDEN] compared to normal
samples. Based on this information, which enzyme is likely to be malfunctioning?
[hidden]= malate, Answer: Citrate synthatase

18.

What is the rate limiting enzyme of the [HIDDEN]?

[hidden]: TCA cycle, Answer: NAD+ requiring isocitrate dehydrogenase
[hidden] = Pentose Phosphate Pathway, Answer: Glucose-6-Phosphate dehydrogenase

19.

Which enzyme is shared by [HIDDEN] and [HIDDEN]?

20.

What is the primary source of energy for ATP generation in the ETC?
electrochemical gradient
H+ gradient

21.

Which of the following reduces Ubiquinone?

Cytochrome C reductase complex

22.

Select the answer that correctly completes these sentences (note that all sentences relate to each other):

Compound 1 _____ compound 2 by [HIDDEN] electrons [HIDDEN] compound 2.

Compound 2 is called a(n) ____.

Compound 1 is called a(n) ____.

Compound 2 _____ compound 1.

23.

In [HIDDEN], what is the primary purpose of glycogenolysis?

In muscles - To break down glycogen into glucose-6-phosphate for energy generation.
In liver - To break down glycogen into glucose to be exported into bloodstream (blood-glucose level
monitoring).
In hepatocytes (liver cells), - Release of glucose to the blood during a period of hypoglycemia (fasting)

24.

Glycogenolysis requires phosphate in order to proceed. What is the name of the enzyme that [HIDDEN]?

[hidden]=adds this phosphate? Answer: UDP glucose pyrophosphoralase

25.

[HIDDEN]?

26.

After a heavy meal of Snickers candy bars resulting in elevation of glucose in the blood, in the liver what is the
expected form, state, and activity level of the primary glycogenolysis enzyme due to the elevation of glucose?

Form A, T-state, low activity

27.

In a skeletal muscle cell at rest with [HIDDEN]. What is the expected form, state, and activity level of primary
glycogenolysis enzyme?

Hidden: muscle phosphorylase, ATP, AMP. Will exist in the b form and the T
state and low activity.

28.

Which of the following glycolytic enzymatic reactions is freely reversible?

1,3 bisphosphate + ADP to 3-phosphoglycerate + ATP

29.

What is the name of the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction of the correct answer to the previous question?

Phosphoglycerate kinase

30.

As a neonatal medical physician you are diagnosing a newborn infant. The infant has hepatomegaly and liver
damage. Blood work shows significantly reduced levels of glucose and a blood pH that is low and threatening
acidosis. As a result, you suggest
Hers Disease

31.

In the suspected disease, what enzyme has failed?

Phosphorylase deficiency, liver isozyme deficiency

32.

The testing returns that the enzyme in the previous question is deficient. In order to control the hypoglycemia,
what should be done?

Improves with age

33.

What waste product do [HIDDEN] and -ketoglutarate dehydrogenase produce?

[hidden]= isocitrate dehydrogenase, Answer: C02

34.

Cyanide poisoning [HIDDEN]?

[hidden]=destroys which complex in the ETC? Answer: Complex 4

Congratulations! Due to your success in Dr. Daniels Cellular Metabolism class. You have been selected by
NASA to do the biochemical write up on a new organism recovered from a Martian probe! During your
analysis you have discovered a brand new electron transport chain in a Martian Gerbil! The organism
appears to use electron transport as its primary source of energy rather than ATP. This leaves you with a
couple of questions to answerDuring your analysis you discover a new electron transport chain based on:

Ickygreenone
Barsoom

+ H+ +2e+ H+ +2e-

Ickygreenol
Barsool

[HIDDEN] V
[HIDDEN] V

35. Which species is the reductant for the proposed ETC?

36. Which species is the oxidant for the proposed ETC?

37. Which series of voltages represents the correct voltages to trace the electron flow for the free energy
calculation? (As a clue note which reaction, if any, had to be flipped.)

38. What is the free energy gained from the electron transport chain presented?
G = -nFE 0
The standard free-energy change G is related to the change in reduction potential E0 by in which n
is the number of electrons transferred, F is a proportionality constant
called the faraday (96.48 kJ mol 1 V 1, or 23.06 kcal mol 1 V 1), E is in volts,
and G is in kilojoules or kilocalories per mole. **Pg. 356**

39. From one run of the proposed electron transport chain, how many ATP equivalents in energy could
theoretically be generated?

Here it is! The big one! For this problem you must trace a path of products, enzymes, and reactants, through
the pathways taught in the course so far. The flow of the reaction must work! If an enzyme cannot run
backwards under physiological conditions do not use the backwards reaction for that enzyme! You start at
amino acid E and must end with glucose. Use the table below to write out the path! The pathway listed
needs to be the canonical pathway for the enzyme even if a reverse reaction is being used! Clues have
been provided for you this time! Each cell is worth 1 point, and the substrate cells are not graded! The table
is worth 44 points total.
Pathway Trace:
E to Glucose