MATHEMATICAL ABILITY

A. Solve each problem:

1. A pair of shoes marked P280 is sold at a discount of 20%. Find the amount
of discount.
2. A chair marked P170 is sold at a discount of 25%. Find the amount of
discount.
3. A book marked P90 is sold at a discount of 15%. What is the selling price?
4. Find the total selling price of 120 pencils which are marked P2.50 each,
allowing 10% discount.
5. A watch marked P800 is sold for P640. Find the percent of discount.
6. A shirt marked P225 is sold for P150. Find the percent of discount.
7. Ester de Leon receives a 15% commission on magazine subscriptions.
After one week her sales totaled P8,600. What washer commission for the week?
8. New Alabang Day-Care Service makes a profit of P25,000 per week.
How much is the total cost if this profit is 18.5% of the total income?
9. The Greenwood Lumber Company had an income of P76,800 for one
week in May. If the company’s profit for this period was 15% of its income, how
much was its expenses for the week?
10. William sold new insurance policies worth P512,000 in August. If he
receives a 4.5% commission on new policies, how much did he earn in
commissions in August?
11. A tape recorder that cost P500 was discounted 20% during a sale. It was
then returned to its original price. What percent of markup was the original price
over the sale price?
12. At an end-of-season sale a power lawnmower was on sale for P1,680. A
sign advertised that this was 20% off the original price. What was the original
price?
13. A calculator cost P250 five years ago. Today the price of the same
calculator had decreased by 40%. What is the cost of the calculator today?
14. A gold ring cost P900 five years ago. There was a 120% increase in the
price of over the past five years. What is the price of that ring today?
15. Levin weighed 45kg last month. This month he weighs 42kg. By what
percent did his weight decrease?
16. A computer had 128K of internal memory when it was first purchased.
Now its internal memory has been increased by 500%. What is the amount of its
internal memory now?
17. At a paint sale, a one-litre can of latex was discounted 24% . if the sale
price of a litre was P95, what was the original price?
18. The cost of an electric fan was P1,053, including an 8% sales tax. What
the price of the electric fan without the tax?
19. Marikina Shoes Inc. has expenses of P959,200 per month. What must the
store’s total income be if it is to make a 12% profit?
20. The Top Drawer Furniture Company made a profit of P436,000 inn one
month. How much was its operating costs if this profit was 16% of its total
income?
21. Shop A offers a 35% discount on a cassette tape recorder marked P1,200.
In shop B, the same cassette tape recorder is marked P1,100 but the shopkeeper
offers a 25% discount. Which shop offers a cheaper selling price?
22. A television set was marked at P7,200. A merchant bought it with a 5%
discount. He then sold it and made a profit of 20%. For how much did he sell the
television set?
23. A shopkeeper buys 20 dozen eggs for P264. If 4 dozen eggs are broken
and the remaining are sold at P16 per dozen, what is the markup on the whole?
24. An item is discounted 20%. Then another 10% discount is given on the
new price. What percent of the original price is the final price?
 25. An item is marked up 20% and then discounted 15% based on the new
price. What percent of the original price is the final price?
26. The original price of an item, increased by a certain percent, is P310. If
decreased by the same percent, it is P190. What is the original price? What is the
percent of increase and decrease?
27. A store had a 20% discount on every item in stock. Would a customer be
better off if the 15% sales tax were applied before or after the discount?
28. In May, Fair’s Bakery had an operating cost of P663,000 and made a
profit of P117,000. In June the operating costs are expected to be P627,000. what
must be the income of the bakery if the percent of profit is to remain the same?
29. Each month Francis receives a 6% commission on al his sales of barber
supplies up to P150,000. He receives 8% commission on the portion of his sales
that are above P150,000. His commission for March was P12,600. How much
were his sales?
30. A salesman has weekly expenses of P10,750 and makes a profit of 14% of
sales. If his weekly expenses are P12,250 and he wants to make the same peso
profit as before, what percent of sales will this profit represent?

B. Replace each variable to make a true statement.

1. 0.75 = x %
2. 4 months = d years
3. 0.2 = m %
4. 18 months = d years
5. 0.085 = b %
6. 1 year = y months
7. 0.45 = t %
8. 3 months = n years
9. 0.05 = z %
10. 3 years = t months

C. 1. Find the interest on the following:

a. P8,000 for 4 years at 3%
b. P12,000 for 2 ½ years at 6%
c. P1,800 for 2 years at 4%
d. P20,000 for 1 ½ years at 3 ½ %
2. Find the interest on the following :
a. P7,500 at 3% for 8 months
b. P16,000 at 2 % for 9 months
c. P18,000 at 4 ½ % for 6 months
d. P480,000 at 3 ½ % for 3 months

3. Mr. Lopez can borrow P56,400 at 12.5% for 4 years, or he can borrow the
same amount for 3 years at 15%. Find the total amount to be repaid on each loan.
Which amount is smaller?
4. A man sells a house for P1,155,000. He deposits 6/11 of this sum in a
bank at 3.5%. Find the total amount received from the bank including interest
after 2 years?
5. The total amount to be paid back on a loan is P80,000 after 4 years. The
annual rate is 7 ½%. Find the principal that was borrowed.
6. Find the annual rate (to the nearest 0.1%) for a loan of P12,000 when the
total amount paid back after 5 years is P18,500.
7. How long (to the nearest 0.1 year) will it take an investment of P45,000 to
increase to P60,000 at an annual simple interest rate of 8.5%?
8. A man had P860,000 in the bank, on which he received interest each year
at the rate of 15%. If he withdrew the money from the bank and bought a house
with it, what amount of interest does he “lose” each year because the money is no
longer in the bank?
9. If the simple interest on P2,500 for 1 year and 8 months is P300, how
much is the interest on P4,225 for 3 years, 7 months, and 25 days?
10. If P1,377.60 earns P82.00 simple interest in 1 year and 9 months, what
principal is required to earn P22,250.00 interest in 2 years, 5 months, and 20
days?
11. Mr. Greatest bought an automobile for P250,000 and paid a 20% down
payment. If the rate of interest is 6 ½ % per year, and he agrees to pay the balance
in 20 equal monthly installments, what is the amount of each installments?
12. Mr. Slower bought his wife a furniture set for P36,000 with a down
payment of 45% , and agreed to pay the balance in 1 ½ years by making equal
monthly payments. If the interest on the balance was 7 ½ % per year, how much
was each monthly installment?
13. An education loan of P84,000 for ten years is to be repaid in monthly
installments of P1,225. What is the annual rate of this loan, computed as simple
interest?
14. William’s three-year home improvement loan is to be repaid in monthly
installments of P375.90 each. If the annual rate (as simple interest) is 14.4% what
is the principal of the loan?
15. In how many years will any principal double itself at 5 % simple interest
per year?