Australian Embankment Data - Hung

EMBANKMENT PERFORMANCE PREDICTION
Introduction
An embankment with and without PVD was constructed in Ballina in Australia for the purpose of
calibrating a new constitutive model.
Two type of PVD (Jute drains and conventional plastic drain) were installed to compare their
perfomance. The behaviour of embankment with and without a top sand drainage layer are also
compared.
Data given
ID
Directory
Purpose
Drawings
Drawing Embankment layout, Cross section 11,21,31
Embankment
construction
Understand the construction stages and charactersitics of the

embankment
Nuclear density tests
Provide the density of each filling layer
Sand permeability
Provide the value of permeability of drainage sand
In situ tests
Provide soil investigation report

Collect soil samples to do laboratory tests
Provide in-situ tests result: CPT, Geophysics, Shear vane test,
permeability, etc.
Lab tests: Characteristic
Provide: w, wL, wP, IP, Density, Particale size
Lab test: CRS

Oedometer tests
Provide parameters related to the compressibility of soil.

Using this to work out lambda and kappa
Lab test: Direct shear

test
Work out cohesion (c) and friction angle ()
Lab test: triaxial tests
Work out M
10 Survey test locations
Work out positions of instruments and in-situ testings.
11 Survey Embankment 1
filling
Provide the information of the process of constructing embankment

fill and installing PVDs
12 Bore hole logs
Provide description of soil type at the bore holes installing

instruments.
Requirement for Predictors
Geometry of embankment
Need to drawing the layout of the embankment with the installed PVDs and instrumentation and its
sections in Autocad. The section should include the soil layers and bore holes.
-
Drawing Layout of embankment according to the given dimension (Using Site Plan.pdf).
Take note in detail the position of each instruments (using SURVEY TEST LOCATIONS
directory)
Drawing Cross Section 11, 21, 31 using CrossSection 11,21,31.pdf. Take note clearly soil
layers and theirs characteristic.
Ground condition
-
Work out the position of soil samples that were conducted laboratory tests.
Work out soil layersparameters
Draw cross section of site stratigraphy
Instrumentation
Device
Quantity
Purpose
Position
Viberating wire
piezometers (VWP)
18
Measure pore water pressure
See drawing
Piezometer
Measure pore water pressure
See drawing
Total pressure celss

(TPC)
Measure loads applied to the ground surface

by the embankment
See drawing
Magnetic extensometer
(MEX)
Measure vertical displacement
See drawing
Hydrostatic profile
gauge (HPG)
Record settlement continuously across the

width of the embankment
See drawing
Inclinometers
Record lateral deformations of the soil below

embankment
See drawing
Settlement plates (SP)
Record settlement of of the ground surface
See drawing
below the embankment

Push in pressure cell
(PIPC)
12
Measure horizontal total pressure and total

water pressure
see drawing
Embankment construction : 13 stages

1. Slashing the cane paddock using a tractor pulling a slasher;
2. Construction of an access track along the southern and western sides of the site. A layer of
Geofirma AS270c geotextile was placed to separate the fill from the natural clay and about
1m of earthfill end dumped on top of the fabric and pushed out using a D6 dozer. The track
was capped with a 0.2m thick rock fill wearing course. The trackwas about 250m long by 7m
wide to allow two vehicles to pass each other;
3. Insitu testing by NewSyd, Coffey, Insitu Geotechnical Services and Douglas Partners.
4. Installation of instruments
5. Placement of Geotex Propex 801M separation geofabric for the working platform
6. Placement of approximately 0.6m thick working platform where the drainage layer was to
be installed and 1.0m thick platform where no drainage layer was used.
7. Placement of a layer of separation geofabric between the working platform and sand layer
8. Placement of the sand layer
9. Installation of Jute and conventional PVDs
10. IInstallation of horizontal PVDs stapled to the vertical PVDs where no drainage layer was
placed
11. Placement of a layer of separation fabric over the top of the sand and horizontal PVDs
12. Placement of an additional 2m of fill to complete the embankment
13. Shape the embankment to allow runoff and placement of topsoil and erosion control fabric.
Figure 1: Time history filling
The main embankment was constructed using the following plant:
1 x 45t excavator
1 x Moxie 6 wheel dump truck
1 x D4 dozer
1x tally handler forked machine to move fabric
1 x water truck
Installation of wick drains
Figure 2 : Schematic drawing of Ceteau Drain (CeTeauPVD_Design_Manual: CeTeau Pty Ltd)
Figure 3: Schematic drawing of Jute Drain (Indian Jute Board)
Figure 4: installation of vertical PVD
Survey
Table 1: Summary of survey file names
Work element
Ground survey
Access track
Construction of working platform
Completed working platform

Placement of drainage sand
Placement of final 2m of embankment fill
Work as executed post fill
Date
24 July 2013
27 June 2013
2 August 2013
5 August 2013
6 August 2013
7 August 2013
8 August 2013
9 August 2013
12 August 2013
19 August 2013
28 August 2013
19 September 2013
20 September 2013
24 September 2013
25 September 2013
26 September 2013
27 September 2013
30 September 2013
3 October 2013
File name
PVD Topo
Access Track
Fill 1
Fill 2
Fill 3
Fill 4
Fill 5
Fill 6
Fill 7
Working platform
Sand
Fill 8
Fill 9
Fill 10
Fill 11
Fill 12
Fill 13
Fill 14
Wae post fill
Fill density testing

Location
Date
Density (t/m3)
Top of working platform 11m

north 23m east
21 August 2013
2.152

north 9m east
21 August 2013
2.032

north 10m east
21 August 2013
2.160

north 23m east
21 August 2013
1.884

south 7m east
21 August 2013
2.106

south 7m east
21 August 2013
2.160

south 28m east
21 August 2013
2.094

south 20m east
21 August 2013
2.167
Sand permeability, grading and maximum density testing

The sand was fine grained with 4% of material passing the 75 micron sieve.
The permeability was measured using a constant head test as 1.5x10-5m/s at 98% of maximum
density. The maximum density was 1.62 t/m3.
DATA ANALYSIS
UWA TB202
CPT202 APPRO
UWA PB 205
UWA PB 204
UWA TB 201
UWA PB 202
UWA PB 201
UWA PB 203
NS.v3-8
NS.scpt8-1
NS.hpt8
UWA CPT 201
1. Geometry condition
NS.cpt8 100m
NS.sdmt8
NS.cpt8
UWA SBPM BH2

UWA SBPM BH3
UWA SBPM BH4
UWA SBPM BH1
UWA SBPM BH5
UWA SBPM BH6
SECTION 4
DP5
DP4
DP2
SP4
DP6
DP3
DP1
hpg2b
hpg2a
mex2
inclo3
SECTION 3
vwp3
pipc7
tpc4
vwp4
inclo4
tpc6
pipc8 pipc9
tpc5 & vwp6
pipc10
sp3
hpg1a
hpg1ab
hpg1aa
inclo1
SECTION 2
vwp1 tpc1
mex1
vwp2
inclo2
tpc3
pipc4
pipc5 pipc6
pipc3
pipc2 pipc1
vwp5
sp2
SECTION 1
sp1
vwp gr
A MOVE SANG
PHAI 500,000
Figure 5: Site master layout
pipc12
pipc11
Instrumentation Section 1
CROSS SECTION 11
Embankment #1 CETAEU PVDs

No drainage Blanket
NORMINAL DIMENSIONS SEE SURVEY DATA FOR ACTUAL DIMENSIONS

6000
6000
16000
6000
6000
EARTH FILL
EARTH FILL
600
2000
HORIZONTAL
DRAINS
1000
SP2
SEPARATION
GEOFABRIC
RL +0.4m
ALLUVIAL CLAYEY SANDY SILT
RL -0.8m
ESTUARINE SILTY CLAY
VWPGRa
RL-3.6m
VWPGRa
RL-7.0m
1200
EXTEND OF PVD
EXTEND OF PVD
TRANSITION SANDY CLAY TO CLAYEY SAND
RL-14.6m
Base of Prefabricated
vertical drains (PVD)
SAND
Legend:
Settlement Plate
Vibrating Wire Piezometer
Inferred Stratigraphic Boundary
Seperation Geofabric
Horizontally Orientated PVD
Figure 6: Section 1
SECTION 2
CROSS SECTION 21
4000
1200
6000
6000
16000
6000
6000
1200
4000
Inclo 1
2000
SEPARATION
FEOFABRIC
Inclo 1
Inclo 2
TPC1
1000
HPG1Aa
HPG1a
EARTH FILL
TPC2
TPC3
HPG1Ab
SAND
EARTH FILL
RL+0.4m
VWP1a
RL-1.6m
VWP2a
RL1.6m
Magnet
RL-1.1m
HPG1b
W~30.5%
o
c'=15 kPa, '=34
PIPC1 RL-0.35m
RL-0.4m
600
Magnet 0
RL+1.3m
RL-0.9m
VWP6a
RL-1.6m

Bd=1.8, Dd=1.28(Mg/m3),W~59%, IL~61%, PL~28% (1.5-2.0m)
Bd=1.57, Dd=0.75(Mg/m3),W~86%, IL~88%, PL~31% (2.0-3.0m)
Magnet 2
RL-4.1m
VWP1b
RL-5.6m
PIPC2 RL-4.1m
VWP2b
RL-5.6m
PIPC5
RL-4.0m
PIPC6
RL-4.1m
Bd=1.53, Dd=0.74(Mg/m3),W~97%, IL~101%, PL~38% (3.0-4.0m)
VWP6b
RL-5.6m
Bd=1.45, Dd=0.69(Mg/m3),W~113%, IL~117%, PL~43% (4.0-6.0m)
Magnet 3
RL-7.1m
Bd=1.43, Dd=0.65(Mg/m3),W~121%, IL~126%, PL~47% (6.0-8.0m)
PIPC3 RL-8.6m
RL-9.6m
VWP1c
RL-9.6m
VWP2b
RL-9.6m
Bd=1.48, Dd=0.71(Mg/m3),W~89%, IL~93%, PL~40% (8.0-8.5m)
VWP6b
RL-9.6m
Magnet 4
RL-10.1m
Bd=1.49, Dd=0.62(Mg/m3),W~112%, IL~120%, PL~48% (8.5-10m)
RL-10.9m
600
600
PIPC4RL-12.0m
EXTEND OF PVD
RL13.6m
Magnet 5
RL-13.8m
EXTEND OF PVD
RL-13.85m
RL-14.6m
vertical drains(PVD)
Magnet 6
RL-18.25m
Bd=1.54, Dd=1.88(Mg/m3),W~30%(11-12.5m)
RL-13.6m
SAND
RL-17.8m
RL-18.35m
PLEISTOCENE CLAY
RL-19.9m
Datum Magnet
RL-22.71m
Base Inclo 1
RL-22.8m
Base MEX
RL -23.1m
Base Inclo 2
RL-22.9m
Legend:
Spider + Datum magnet
Vibrating Wire Piezometer(VWP)
Total Pressure Cell (TPC)
Push in pressure Cell (PiPC)
Hydrostatic Profile Gauge (HPG)
Replacement HPG
Separation Geofabric
Figure 7: Section 2
SECTION 3
Embankment #1 JUTE PVDs
CROSS SECTION 31
4000
1200
6000
6000
16000
6000
6000
1200
4000
MEX2
2000
EARTH FILL
600
Inclo 3
HPG2a
Inclo 4
TPC4
1000
600
SEPARATION
GEOFABRIC
Magnet 0
RL+1.2m
TPC5
TPC6
SAND
EARTHFILL
W~30.5%
o
c'=15 kPa, '=34
RL-0.8m
VWP3a
RL-1.5m
VWP4a
RL1.5m
Magnet 1
RL-0.9m
HPG2b
GL+0.4m
PIPC1 RL-0.35m
RL-0.3m
RL-0.9m
VWP5a
RL-1.5m
1000
Bd=1.8, Dd=1.28(Mg/m3),W~59%, IL~61%, PL~28%(1.5-2.0m)

Magnet 2
RL-4.1m
VWP3b
RL-5.5m
PIPC7 RL-3.6m
VWP4b
RL-5.5m
PIPC5
RL-4.0m
Bd=1.57, Dd=0.75(Mg/m3),W~86%, IL~88%, PL~31% (2.0-3.0m)

PiPC12
RL-3.9m
Bd=1.53, Dd=0.74(Mg/m3),W~97%, IL~101%, PL~38% (3.0-4.0m)
PIPC6
RL-4.1m
VWP5b
RL-5.5m
1000
Bd=1.45, Dd=0.69(Mg/m3),W~113%, IL~117%, PL~43%(4.0-6.0m)
Magnet 3
RL-7.3m
RL-10.1m
VWP3c
RL-9.5m
Bd=1.43, Dd=0.65(Mg/m3),W~121%, IL~126%, PL~47%(6.0-8.0m)

PiPC11
RL-7.9m
Bd=1.48, Dd=0.71(Mg/m3),W~89%, IL~93%, PL~40% (8.0-8.5m)
VWP 5c
RL -9.5m
VWP4c
RL-9.5m
Magnet 4
RL-10.4m
RL-10.5m
600
Bd=1.49, Dd=0.62(Mg/m3),W~112%, IL~120%, PL~48%(8.5-10m)
RL-10.3m
600
42mto
MEX2
EXTEND OF PVD
RL-13.6m
EXTEND OF PVD
Magnet 5
RL-13.4m
RL-13.85m
RL-14.6m
RL-13.6m
SAND
Magnet 6
RL-20.6m
RL-20.4m
1.2m
MEX2
Bd=1.54, Dd=1.88(Mg/m3),W~30%(11-12.5m)
PiPC 10
RL-12.1m
PLEISTOCENECLAY
RL-19.9m
Comments
- Nominal PVDset out pattern:
TRANSITION SANDY CLAYTO CLAYEY SAND
Datum Magnet
RL-22.8m
1.2m
Base Inclo 3
Base MEX
- PVDs around Instruments were offset = 0.1mto 0.2m to avoid damage

after PVDs were installed through HPG#1 and 13 cables from section 2.
Base Inclo 4
Legend:
Replacement HPG
Figure 8: Section 3
2. Ground description:
Table 2: Bore hole BH01
Hole Soil
layer
To depth/
thickness
(m)
1
0.2
2
1.2/ 1
3
BH01
11.4/10.2
12.8/1.4
13.8/1
18/4.2
19/1
20.8/1.8
21.8/1
5
23.6/1.8
Ground Description
water
level
1.5m
ORGANIC: high plasticity, black, with
roots
Sandy Clayey SILT, high plasticity,
brown and grey, with roots
Silty CLAY, high plasticity, dark grey,
some shells
Silty CLAY, high plasticity, brown
Sandy CLAY/clayey SAND, high
plasticity, brown, fine grained sand
SAND, fine grained, brown
SAND, trace fine gravel, brown and
white
SAND, trace fine gravel, white
Clayey SAND, fine grained,grey
Silty CLAY. High plasticity, dark grey,
some fine grained sand, some small
shells
Structure
ORGANICS
ALLUVIAL
ESTUARINE
25/1.4
26.5/1.5
29.5/3
29.95/0.45
Sandy CLAY, high plasticity, brown,

trace gravel
Sandy CLAY, high plasticity, grey,
trace gravel
Sandy CLAY, high plasticity, Mottled
green grey & brown, trace gravel
Sandy CLAY, high plasticity, green
grey
PLEISTOCENE
Table 3: Bore hole INCLO01
Hole Soil
layer
1
2
To depth/
thickness
(m)
0.2
1.3/ 1.1
3
INCLO1
11.8/10.5
14/2.2
15.9/4.2
17.95
18.85
19.5
20.3
5
23.2/5.1
Ground Description
water
level
N/G
ORGANIC: high plasticity, black.
brown grey,trace of grained gravel,
with roots.
no roots, shells at 3m.
clayey SAND, fine grained brown,
some clay
SAND, fine grained, brown, some clay
SAND, fine grained, white, some clay
SAND, fine grained, brown, some clay
SAND, fine grained, brown and
white, fine to medium grained with a
trace of fine grained gravel.
Clayey SAND/ sandy CLAY, high
plasticity, grey, fine grained, low
plasticity
some small shells becoming grey
rather than brown
Structure
ORGANICS
ALLUVIAL
ESTUARINE
PLEISTOCENE
Hole Soil
layer
To depth/
thickness
(m)
1
0.2
INCLO2
2
1.3/ 1.1
3
11.3/10
4
5
14/2.7
18.2/4.2
23.3/5.1
Ground Description
water
level
N/G
roots
brown and grey
some shells
plasticity, grey, fine grained sand
Sandy CLAY, high plasticity, brown
Structure
ORGANICS
ALLUVIAL
ESTUARINE
PLEISTOCENE
Table 5: Bore hole MEX01
Hole Soil
layer
To depth/
thickness
Ground Description
water
Structure
(m)
1
2
0.2
1.5/ 1.3
3
MEXO1
10.5/9
11.7/2.2
13
14.25
17/4.2
18.75
5
23.5/5.1
level
1.2m

brown grey, with roots.
some shells, roots in tube at 1.5n1.9m.
sandy CLAY, high plasticity, grey, fine
grained sand.
Silty CLAY, brown and grey
sandy CLAY, brown and grey
SAND, fine grained, brown white
SAND, fine grained, white
Silty CLAY, high plasticity,
grey/mottled brown.
ORGANICS
ALLUVIAL
ESTUARINE
PLEISTOCENE
Hole Soil
layer
To depth/
thickness
(m)
1
0.2
INCLO3
2
1.5/ 1.1
3
11.3/10
4
5
14/2.7
20/4.2
23.5/5.1
Ground Description
water
level
N/G
roots
brown and grey
some shells
Sandy silt CLAY, high plasticity, grey
Structure
ORGANICS
ALLUVIAL
ESTUARINE
PLEISTOCENE
Hole Soil
layer
To depth/
thickness
(m)
1
0.2
2
INCLO4
1.3/ 1.1
3
10.7/10
4
5
14/2.7
20.8/4.2
23.5/5.1
Ground Description
water
level
N/G
roots
brown and grey,roots
some shells
Silty CLAY, high plasticity, grey,some
small shells.
Structure
ORGANICS
ALLUVIAL
ESTUARINE
PLEISTOCENE
Table 8: Bore hole MEX02
M
E
Hole Soil
layer
1
To depth/
thickness
(m)
0.2
Ground Description
water
level
N/G
Structure
ORGANICS
2
1.2/ 1.0
3
10.8/10.5
13.0/2.2
13.8
18/4.2
20.15
21
5
23.5/5.1

brown grey, fine grained sand, with
roots.
some shells.
Sandy CLAY, high plasticity, fine
grained sand, dark grey.
Silty CLAY, brown and grey, shells in
cuttings, stiff to 13.15m.
SAND, fine grained, white
Clayey SAND, fine grained, grey
shells becoming brown from 21.45m.
ALLUVIAL
ESTUARINE
PLEISTOCENE
3. Soil parameters determination

a. State parameters : done
Weight unit () : done
Liquid limit (WL) : done
Plastic limit (WL): done
Poisson ratio ()=0.3 (assumption)
Initial void ratio (e0) from CRS test and Triaxial test : done
Table 9: Summary of initial void ratio e0
ID
Layer
Inclo2- Sandy Clay SILT
7 Inclo2- Sandy Clay SILT
8 Inclo2- Silty CLAY
Depth
0.65m
0.7m
0.745m
0.79m
1.86m
2.27m
2.37m
2.47m
2.57m
5.49m
5.58m
9.49m
9.76
Test
DST
DST
DST
CRS
CRS
CRS
Triaxial
CRS
Triaxial
CRS
Triaxial
Triaxial
CRS
e0
1.00
0.91
0.90
1.09
1.64
2.03
2.112
2.14
2.3
2.85
2.74
2.677
2.8
b. Mechanical Parameter
Friction angle () = 340
Cohesion (c) = 15 kPa
(At Layer 1: Alluvial Clayey Sandy Silt, thickness around 1.3m, at depth 0.79m)
c. Critical parameters
Slope of critical state line : M determined from triaxial test: done
Table 10: Triaxial test result summary of qpeak & ppeak and qcri & pcri
ID Layer
Inclo21 Sandy
Clay SILT
Inclo22
Silty CLAY
Inclo23
Silty CLAY
Inclo24
Silty CLAY
Inclo25
Silty CLAY
Depth
qpeak
Ppeak
qcri
peak
K0
1.03
0.93
0.56
1.83
1.65
2.112
2.57m
1.38
1.65
2.3
0.81
5.58m
1.63
1.81
2.74
0.64
9.49m
1.17
1.68
2.677 0.46
Shearing Sample 2.57m
y = 1.6538x + 0.4793
y = 1.6821x
20
e0
40
10
0
10
20
30
p'
Shearing sample 5.58m
30
25
y = 1.6531x - 2.3066
20
15
y = 1.4585x
10
5
0
0
10
20
p'
50
40
40
y = 1.808x - 2.2457
y = 1.6793x - 8.7056
30
y = 1.2834x
20
y = 1.6711x
20
30
Shearing sample 9.49m
50
30
2.37m
Shearing Sample 2.37m
cri
c=15 kPa, =340
0.79m
30
p'cri
10
0
10
0
0
10
20
30
40
d. Compression (consolidation) parameters

Slope of compression line (),I : done
Slope of un-compression line (): done
10
20
p'
30
40
Layer
Inclo2- Silty CLAY
Inclo2- Silty CLAY
Inclo2- Silty CLAY
Inclo2- Silty CLAY
Inclo2- Silty CLAY
1
2
3
4
5
6
Depth
0.79m
1.86m
2.27m
2.47m
5.49m
9.76
e
1.09
1.64
2.03
2.14
2.85
2.8
1.1
0.79 m
Cc
Cr
Linear (Cc)
Log. (Cc)
Log. (Cr)
Linear (Cr)
Void ratio, e (-)
0.9
0.8
0.7
y = -0.13ln(x) + 1.5355
R = 0.9997
y = -0.0002x + 0.8129
0.6
y = -0.007ln(x) + 0.6321 y = -1E-05x + 0.5922
R = 0.9801
0.5
10.00
100.00
1000.00
10000.00
Vertical effective stress, s'v (kPa)

Figure 9: Determination of kappa and lambda (Inclo2_0.79m)
1.7
1.6
1.5
Void ratio, e (-)
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.1
1
0.9
0.8
10.00
1.86 m
Lambda1
y = -0.296ln(x) + 2.7768
lambda2
kappa1
kappa2
kappa3
lambda_i
Log.
(Lambda1)
y = -0.34ln(x) + 2.9646
y = -0.025ln(x) + 1.1055
y = -0.213ln(x) + 2.2389
y = -0.018ln(x) + 1.0545
y = -0.019ln(x) + 0.929
100.00

1000.00
2.2
Series2
lambda
kappa1
kappa2
kappa3
lambda1
lambda_i
1.8
y = -0.515ln(x) + 4.031
Log. (lambda)
Log. (kappa1)
Log. (kappa2)
Void ratio, e (-)
1.6
y = -0.41ln(x) + 3.5288
Log. (kappa3)
Log. (lambda1)
1.4
y = -0.023ln(x) + 1.3906
1.2
Log. (lambda_i)
y = -0.022ln(x) + 1.3653
y = -0.285ln(x) + 2.8414
y = -0.026ln(x) + 1.1974
1
10.00
100.00
1000.00

2.2
2.47 m
lambda
Void ratio, e (-)
kappa1
1.8
kappa2
y = -0.656ln(x) + 4.731
1.6
kappa3
lambda_i
Log.
(lambda)
1.4
y = -0.039ln(x) + 1.4808
1.2
1
10.00
y = -0.032ln(x) + 1.4241
y = -0.315ln(x) + 3.0349
y = -0.045ln(x) + 1.3174
100.00
1000.00

2.5
Void ratio, e (-)
y = -1.263ln(x) + 8.1205
y = -0.106ln(x) + 2.4008y = -0.72ln(x) + 5.6182
y = -0.085ln(x) + 2.2206
1.5
y = -0.364ln(x) + 3.5919
y = -0.082ln(x) + 1.6091
0.5
10.00
100.00
1000.00

3.3
2.8
Void ratio, e (-)
y = -0.068ln(x) + 2.7769 y = -1.062ln(x) + 7.5859
2.3
y = -0.061ln(x) + 2.691
y = -0.094ln(x) + 2.6331
y = -0.069ln(x) + 2.4457
Q
1.8
1.3
0.8
10.00
y = -0.431ln(x) + 4.1627
y = -0.09ln(x) + 1.8547
100.00
1000.00

e. Anisotropy parameter (S-CLAY1)

Initial inclination angle (0) : done
Absolute rotational rate () : done
Relative rotational rate () : need fitting curve
0 K 0
K2 0 3 K 0 M 2
Where : K 0
ID
3
4
5
6
(Eq.1)
3(1 K 0NC )
3M
, K 0NC 1 sin ' ; sin '
NC
6M
(1 2 K 0 )
3(4M 2 4 K2 0 3 K 0 )
8( K2 0 M 2 2 K 0 )
Layer
Inclo2- Silty CLAY
Inclo2- Silty CLAY
Inclo2- Silty CLAY
Inclo2- Silty CLAY
ID Layer
Depth
2.37m
2.57m
5.58m
9.49m
Depth
(Eq.2)
K0
0.81
0.64
0.46
K0
K0
K0
2.37m
2.57m
5.58m
0.81
0.64
9.49m
0.46
f.
M ??
1.65
1.65
1.81
1.68
0.662
0.662
0.764
0.680
Konc
0.35
0.35
0.30
0.34
1.02
1.02
0.94
1.01
M??
Konc
1.68
0.68
0.34
1.01
1.46
1.67
0.564
0.674
0.41
0.35
0.98
1.01
1.28
0.488
0.47
0.84
Destructuration parameter (S-CLAY1S)

Initial bonding (x0)
Absolute degradational rate (a)
Relative degradational rate (b)
SECTION 2
CROSS SECTION 21
4000
1200
6000
6000
16000
6000
6000
1200
4000
MEX1
2000
SEPARATION
FEOFABRIC
EARTH FILL
Inclo 2
1000
TPC1
TPC2
TPC3
HPG1Ab
SAND
EARTH FILL
VWP1a
RL-1.6m
VWP2a
RL1.6m
Magnet
RL-1.1m
+0.00m
RL+0.4m
PIPC1 RL-0.35m
RL-0.4m
600
Magnet 0
RL+1.3m
Inclo 1
HPG1Aa
HPG1a
RL-0.9m
VWP6a
RL-1.6m
W~31%, Bd=1.73, Dd=1.32 (Mg/m3)

c'=15 kPa, '=34o, e0=0.91 ==> M=1.03(at depth 0.7m)
GL -0.8m

Bd=1.65, Dd=1.1(Mg/m3),W~61%, IL~63%, PL~28% (1.5-2.0m)
'
DST
CRS
0.91
1.09
15
----
34
----
1.03
----
---0.13
---0.007
0.397
----
0.55
----
-1.86m
-2.27m
-2.37m
-2.47m
-2.57m
CRS
CRS
Triaxial
CRS
Triaxial
1.64
2.03
2.11
2.14
2.30
----------------
----------------
------1.65
---1.65
0.34
0.51
---0.66
----
0.213 0.021
0.285 0.024
------0.315 0.039
-------
------0.662
---0.662
------1.02
---1.02
-5.50m
-5.58m
CRS
Triaxial
2.85
2.47
-------
-------
---1.81
1.26
----
0.364
----
0.091
----
---0.764
---0.94
Triaxial
CRS
2.68
2.80
-------
-------
1.68
----
---1.06
---0.431
---0.076
0.68
----
1.01
----
---N/A
Bd=1.55, Dd=0.86(Mg/m3),W~79%, IL~85%, PL~33% (2.0-3.0m)
Magnet 2
RL-4.1m
VWP1b
RL-5.6m
Test e0 c'
-0.70m
-0.79m
HPG1b
PIPC2 RL-4.1m
PIPC5
RL-4.0m
PIPC6
RL-4.1m
Bd=1.45, Dd=0.76(Mg/m3),W~92%, IL~104%, PL~37% (3.0-4.0m)
VWP6b
RL-5.6m
VWP2b
RL-5.6m
Bd=1.44, Dd=0.70(Mg/m3),W~105%, IL~108%, PL~42% (4.0-6.0m)

Magnet 3
RL-7.1m
Bd=1.41, Dd=0.64(Mg/m3),W~116%, IL~123%, PL~44% (6.0-8.0m)
RL-9.6m
VWP1c
RL-9.6m
VWP2b
RL-9.6m
PIPC3 RL-8.6m
Bd=1.45, Dd=0.74(Mg/m3),W~89%, IL~104%, PL~40% (8.0-8.5m)
VWP6b
RL-9.6m
Magnet 4
RL-10.1m
Bd=1.42, Dd=0.67(Mg/m3),W~109%, IL~117%, PL~47% (8.5-10m)
RL-10.9m
600
-11.00m
PIPC4RL-12.0m
EXTEND OF PVD
Magnet 5
RL-13.8m
RL-13.85m
RL-14.6m
Magnet 6
RL-18.25m
Bd=1.54, Dd=1.88(Mg/m3),W~30%(11-12.5m)
RL-13.6m
SAND
RL-17.8m
RL-18.35m
PLEISTOCENE CLAY
RL-19.9m
Datum Magnet
RL-22.71m
Base Inclo 1
RL-22.8m
-9.49m
-9.76m
600
EXTEND OF PVD
RL13.6m
-8.25m
Base MEX
RL -23.1m
Base Inclo 2
RL-22.9m
Legend:
Replacement HPG
g. Creep parameters
Coefficient of secondary compression (C) and Intial volumetric strain rate ( v0 )
Saturation curve of CRS at 0.79m

1.0
Time (mins)
100.0
10.0
1000.0
10000.0
0
0.005
Strain e
0.01
0.015
0.02
0.025
y = 0.0016ln(x) + 0.0175
y = 0.0003ln(x) + 0.0255
0.03
C =0.0003, t0=471 mins v0
0.0003
6.4 * 10 7
471
Saturation of CRS at 1.86m

Time (min)
0.1
1.0
0
0.1
0.2
Strain e
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
10.0
100.0
1000.0
10000.0
Saturation curve of CRS at 2.27m

-0.002
0.1-0.001 1.0
0
0.0
10.0
100.0
1000.0
10000.0
0.001
0.002
Saturation
0.003
Calpha
0.004
0.005
0.006
0.007
0.008

-0.002 1.0
10.0
Time(min)
100.0
1000.0
10000.0
0
0.002
Strain e
0.004
Saturation
0.006
0.008
0.01
0.012
0.014
0.016

0.1
1.0
0
0.001
Strain e
0.002
0.003
0.004
0.005
0.006
Time(min)
10.0
100.0
1000.0
10000.0

0.1
1.0
0
0.001
Strain e
0.002
0.003
0.004
0.005
0.006
0.007
0.008
Time(min)
10.0
100.0
1000.0
10000.0

Australian Embankment Data - Hung

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Australian Embankment Data - Hung

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

EMBANKMENT PERFORMANCE PREDICTION

Drawing Embankment layout, Cross section 11,21,31

Understand the construction stages and charactersitics of the

Nuclear density tests

Provide the density of each filling layer

Provide the value of permeability of drainage sand

Provide soil investigation report

Lab tests: Characteristic

Provide: w, wL, wP, IP, Density, Particale size

Lab test: CRS

Provide parameters related to the compressibility of soil.

Lab test: Direct shear

Work out cohesion (c) and friction angle ()

Lab test: triaxial tests

10 Survey test locations

Work out positions of instruments and in-situ testings.

Provide the information of the process of constructing embankment

12 Bore hole logs

Provide description of soil type at the bore holes installing

Requirement for Predictors

Measure pore water pressure

Measure pore water pressure

Total pressure celss

Measure loads applied to the ground surface

Measure vertical displacement

Record settlement continuously across the

Record lateral deformations of the soil below

Settlement plates (SP)

Record settlement of of the ground surface

below the embankment

Measure horizontal total pressure and total

Embankment construction : 13 stages

Figure 1: Time history filling

The main embankment was constructed using the following plant:

Installation of wick drains

Figure 2 : Schematic drawing of Ceteau Drain (CeTeauPVD_Design_Manual: CeTeau Pty Ltd)

Figure 3: Schematic drawing of Jute Drain (Indian Jute Board)

Figure 4: installation of vertical PVD

Completed working platform

Work as executed post fill

Fill density testing

Top of working platform 11m

Top of working platform 17m

Top of working platform 40m

Top of working platform 40m

Top of working platform 25m

Top of working platform 12m

Top of working platform 6m

Top of working platform 26m

Sand permeability, grading and maximum density testing

UWA CPT 201

UWA SBPM BH2

Figure 5: Site master layout

Embankment #1 CETAEU PVDs

NORMINAL DIMENSIONS SEE SURVEY DATA FOR ACTUAL DIMENSIONS

ESTUARINE SILTY CLAY

ALLUVIAL CLAYEY SANDY SILT

ESTUARINE SILTY CLAY

Bd=1.53, Dd=0.74(Mg/m3),W~97%, IL~101%, PL~38% (3.0-4.0m)

Bd=1.48, Dd=0.71(Mg/m3),W~89%, IL~93%, PL~40% (8.0-8.5m)

Bd=1.49, Dd=0.62(Mg/m3),W~112%, IL~120%, PL~48% (8.5-10m)

TRANSITION SANDY CLAY TO CLAYEY SAND