MATLAB Simulation for Adjustable speed Drive

system of Single Phase Induction Motor using ZSI

Ujjal Dey

Alpana Barman, Nibedita Ghosh

Electrical Engineering
Haldia Institute of Technology
Haldia, India
ujjaldey54@gmail.com

Electrical Engineering
Haldia Institute of Technology
Haldia, India

AbstractThis paper presents a simulation based technique

in MATLAB for speed control of single phase induction motor
using ZSI. Its control method is used for implementing dc-to-ac,
ac-to-dc, ac-to-ac and dc-to-dc power conversion. The ZSI
consists of a unique impedance network to couple the converter
main circuit to the power source. The voltage stress across the
capacitors in the impedance network can be effectively reduced
by using ZSI which is in turn used to control the speed as well as
to increase the efficiency of an induction motor. A PID control is a
control loop feedback mechanism, widely used in industrial
control system which is designed to run the motor at the
reference speed. The stability and overshoot problems can be
mitigated by using PID control. A speed sensor is used to
compare the actual speed with a reference speed of the induction.
Keywords Z-source inverter, Insulated gate bi-polar
transistor (IGBT), Filter, PID controller, Single phase induction
motor

I.

INTRODUCTION

The simple control PID technique is used to simulate the

Z-source inverter for single phase induction motor control in
MATLAB platform. VSI or CSI can be used to control the
speed of an induction motor .Voltage source inverter has small
impedance and constant D.C voltage source at its input
terminal. In VSI any shot circuit across its terminal causes a
large amount of current which cannot be regulated using
current limiting controller. In CSI, current is controlled from a
d.c source which has very high impedance and open circuit
problem may occur and may damage the inverter circuit due to
large voltage generation across the open circuit. To overcome
all
of
these
problems
of
VSI
and CSI we have used Z-source inverter here. In VSI or CSI,
due to the presence of semi-conductor switches, the
controllable switches are operated where they are required to
turn-on or turn-off the entire load current. One more problem
with this switching operation is the high rate of change of
current (di/dt) and high rate of change of voltage (dv/dt).Using
ZSI buck, boost or both type of control schematic is possible
to control the speed of an induction motor without using any
semi-conductor switches in the Z-source inverter. To
overcome these di/dt and dv/dt problem, we can also use ZSI
which contains a unique impedance network of inductors and
capacitors. Also in this Simulink model we have used a Single
phase induction motor instead of DC motor or Synchronous
motor. There are many advantages of an induction motor
compared to other motors, such as cost, efficiency, life span,

maintenance, rugged construction etc. Single phase supply is

used everywhere as lighting purposes in offices, schools,
houses and besides lighting purposes, it has tremendous uses
in our day-to-day life thats why we are mostly interested on
single phase induction motor. In this paper, to control the
speed of an induction motor we have used PID controller in
MATLAB platform. As the speed of the motor is directly
proportional to the applied voltage thats why we are trying to
sense and control the motor speed by varying the stator supply
voltage magnitude and phase using a voltage control loop
using a Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller. In
this proportional controller, the output value is proportional to
the current error value which can be adjusted by multiplying
the error by a constant value. Using this integral controller, we
can control both of magnitude error and duration error.
Derivative control acts as determining the slope of the error
over time and multiplying that error by a constant value which
improves the settling time and stability of the system. Here,
the Z-source network is connected to a three-phase-bridge
inverter which can be constructed by six power switches with
six freewheeling diodes. Here, in this model IGBTs are used
instead of MOSFET, SCRs etc. IGBT has many advantages
compared to other switches, such as it combines the best
qualities of power MOSFET and Bi-polar transistor. It has
high input impedance and low on-state conduction loss and it
has no second breakdown problem.

II.

OPERATING PRINCIPLE OF ZSI

and S4 present). Therefore number of active switching states

will become two.
III.

Fig. 1. Schematic of Three Phase ZSI

OPERATING MODES OF ZSI [6] [7]

Fig. 2. ZSI Equivalent circuit of traditional Active State

The common traditional power Inverter topologies are

based on Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) and Current Source
Inverters (CSI). Traditional VSI and CSI are either a buck or
boost converter and not a buck boost converter [3]. That is,
their obtainable output voltage range is limited to either more
or less than the input voltage.
The general structure of ZSI can be represented by Fig.1.
[8] Impedance source inverter is an inverter which employs a
unique impedance network coupled with the inverter main
circuit to the power source.[1] Two Inductors (L1 and L2) of
same value is connected with two capacitors (C1 and C2) in an
X shaped manner to form the Impedance Source (Z Source)
Network coupled with an inverter circuit. This unique
impedance network allows the Z-source inverter to boost or
buck its output voltage. The input DC supply of ZSI can be
obtained from a battery, fuel cell, or any rectifier output. The
switching arrangement of the inverter section is made by
semiconductor switches along with anti-parallel diodes to
provide bidirectional current flow. The output pluses obtained
from the inverter circuit is then fed to ac loads [6] (viz. AC
motors).

Fig. 3. ZSI equivalent circuit in Conventional zero state

Traditional three phase VSI has six active switching states

whenever dc voltage is impressed to the loads two zero states
when the load terminals are shorted through either the lower
or upper three devices, respectively. In VSI, both switches of
any phase leg can never be gated at the same instance or a
short circuit (shoot through) would occur and destroy the
inverter. Along with the eight switching states available in
VSI, three phase ZSI has an extra shoot through state [2].
These shoot through states can be utilized purposefully in ZSI
to boost the output voltage whenever the input voltage is low,
based on shoot through time period and Boost Factor.
To implement ZSI as Adjustable Speed Drive (ASD)
system for single phase Induction Motor three phase Inverter
circuit is reduced to single Phase (Only switches S1, S2, S3
Fig. 4. ZSI equivalent circuit in Shoot through switching state

A. Normal Active State

The inverter bridge is operating in one of the four
traditional active vectors, thus acting as a current source
viewed from the Z-source circuit (Fig 2). Both the inductors
have an identical current value because of the circuit
symmetry. This unique feature widens the line current
conducting intervals, thus reducing harmonic current.
B. Conventional Zero State
The Inverter Bridge operating in two traditional zero
vectors by shorting through either upper or lower two
switching devices, thus acting as an open circuit viewed from
Z source circuit (Fig.3). Again under this mode the inductors
carry currents, which contributes to the line currents harmonic
reduction.
C. Shoot Through state
The inverter bridge is equivalent to a short circuit when the
inverter bridge is in the shoot-through (ST) zero state (Fig.4).
This shoot-through mode to be used in every switching cycle
during the traditional zero vector period generated by the
PWM control. Depending on how much a voltage boost is
needed, the shoot-through interval (T0) or its duty cycle is
determined. It can be seen that the shoot-through interval is
only a fraction of the switching cycle.
TABLE I. SWITCHING CONDITIONS OF DIFFERENT MODES
Switching
States

S1

S2

S3

S4

Active
States

Zero States

S3

S4

Shoot
Through
States

S1

S2

Output
Voltage

V i=V C V L =2V C V

Where Vin is the DC source voltage and T=T0+T1

The average voltage of the inductors over one switching
period T should be zero in steady state. From Equation (2) and
Equation (3), voltage across inductor and capacitor are
obtained as

V L=

VC
Vin

[T 0 V C +T 1 (Vin V C )]
=0
T

T1
T 1T 0

Similarly, the average DC-link voltage across the inverter

bridge can be found as follows:

V i=

[T 00+T 1 (2V C V )]
T1
=[
]V
T
(T 1T 0 )

(6)

The peak DC-link voltage across the inverter bridge is

expressed in Equation (3) can be rewritten as:

Zero

V i=V C V L =2 V C V =[

Zero

T
]=BV
(T 1 T 0 )

(7)

Where,

Given that the inverter bridge is in the shoot - through zero

state for an interval of T0, during a switching cycle, T and
from the equivalent circuit as shown in Fig. 4

V L =V C , V D =2 V C ,V i=0

V L =V V C , V D =V

Finite

Mathematical modelling of ZSI

Assuming that the inductors L 1 and L2 capacitors C1 and C2
have the same inductance & capacitance, respectively, the Zsource network becomes symmetrical. From the symmetry and
the equivalent circuit, voltages across capacitors and inductors
are as follows:

V C 1=V C 2=V C ; V L 1=V L2=V L

T1, during the switching cycle, T. From the equivalent circuit,

Fig.2, we can write

Now let us consider that the inverter bridge is in one of the

non-shoot-through (traditional active) states for an interval of

B=

T
1
=
1
(T 1T 0) (12T 0 / T )

The DC-link voltage is the boost factor resulting from the

shoot-through zero state. The peak DC-link voltage Vi is the
equivalent DC-link voltage of the inverter.
On the other side, the output peak phase voltage from the
inverter can be expressed as:

V ac =M .

Vi
2

where M is the modulation Index. Using Equation (7) and

Equation (9) can be further expressed as:

V ac =M . B .

V
2

For the traditional V-source PWM inverter, we have the wellknown relationship:

V ac =M .

V
2

In the Z Source Network, L1=L2= 160mH and

C1=C2= 1mF

In LC filter at the output of the Inverter, L= 1H and

C=25F

Equation (10) shows that the output voltage can be stepped up

and down by choosing an appropriate buckboost factor (BB);

BB=M . B

D. Block Diagram of the Proposed Work

From Equation (1), Equation (5) and Equation (8), the

capacitor voltage can expressed as

V C 1=V C 2=V C =

[1(T 0 /T )]
V
[1(2 T 0 /T )]

The buckboost factor (BB) is determined by the modulation

index M and boost factor B [8]. The boost factor B as
expressed in Equation (8) can be controlled by duty cycle (i.e.,
interval ratio) of the shoot-through zero state over the non
shoot-through states of the inverter.
IV.

SIMULATION TECHNIQUE OF ZSI FED SINGLE

PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR

E. Simulink Model of ZSI

The most commonly used technique of controlling the speed

of Induction motor is by varying the stator voltage in such a
way that the flux remains constant by simultaneously varying
the supply frequency such that the ratio V/f remains constant.
The basis of constant V/f speed control of induction motor is
to apply a variable magnitude and variable frequency voltage
to the motor. Both the voltage source inverter and current
source inverters are used in adjustable speed ac drives. The
method of determining the width and sequence of voltage
pulses produced for inverter is known as PWM. A number of
PWM schemes are used to obtain variable voltage and
frequency supply (viz SPWM, SVPWM).
In our proposed work, we have used IGBT Inverter circuit,
where controlled gate signal is fed from a discrete PWM
Generator. The output of the inverter is used as the input of
Auxiliary Winding of Single Phase Induction Motor. The main
windings are supplied from the same single phase ac supply
voltage which is used in the Z source Network. By tracking
the speed of the motor, the modification in Auxiliary winding
supply voltage is made. To serve this purpose the reference
supply voltage is compared with voltage equivalent of speed
of the motor. Then the error voltage is fed in the input of
Discrete PID Controller; where the P, I and D values are
properly tuned to get the required input of the Gate driving
circuit of the Inverter Bridge. In the aforesaid way, the ONOFF time period of the switches are controlled, which in turn
controls the supply frequency of the motor.
The chosen parameters are as follows to design the Simulink
model:

F. Capacitor Voltage Characteristics of ZSI

G. Simulink Model of ZSI fed ASD system of Single phase

Induction Motor

Fig. 5. Vc1, Vc2

V.

Fig. 9. Electromagnetic Torque

SIMULATION RESULTS OF THE MODEL

VI.

CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE

The proposed scheme here is to discuss the ZSI application in

Ac motor drive system. The model parameters are so selected
to obtain close loop control of the speed of single phase
asynchronous motor. In our next stage of this work, we will
try to implement SVPWM technique of VSI controlled
induction motor drive and draw a comparative study with ZSI
control Technique
Fig. 6. Main and Auxiliary Winding Currents

Acknowledgment (HEADING 5)
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America is without an e after the g. Avoid the stilted
expression one of us (R. B. G.) thanks .... Instead, try R.
B. G. thanks.... Put sponsor acknowledgments in the
unnumbered footnote on the first page.

References
[1]

Fig. 7. Rotor Current Characteristics

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

Fig. 8. Rotor speed in rpm

[7]
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