You are on page 1of 9

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

Abdel-Tawwab, M., Ahmad, M.H., Khattab, Y.A.E. and Shalaby, A.M.E. 2010.
Effect of dietary protein level, initial body weight, and their interaction on the
growth, feed utilization, and physiological alterations of nile tilapia,
Oreochromis niloticus (L.). Aquaculture. 298 : 267274.
Adham. 2001. Attempt at improving citric acid fermentation by Aspergillus niger in
beet- molasses. Bioresource Technology. p : 97100.
Affandi, R., D.S. Sjafei., M.F. Rahardjo. dan Sulistiono. 2009. Fisiologi Ikan
Pencernaan dan Penyerapan Makanan. IPB Press, Bogor. 55 hlm.
Ananthakrishnan, A.N., H. Khalili., G.G. Konijeti., L.M. Higuchi., P. De Silva., J.
Korzenik., C.S. Fuchs., W.C. Willet., J.M. Ritcher. and A.T. Chan. 2013. A
prospective study of long-term intake of dietary fiber and risk of crohn's
disease and ulcerative colitis, Gastroentrerology. 145 (5) : 970-977.
AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemists). 1995. Official Methods of
Analysis. 12 th eds, Washington DC. 114 p.
Arief, M., E. Kusumaningsih. dan B.S. Rahardja. 2008. Kandungan protein kasar
dan serat kasar pada pakan buatan yang difermentasi dengan probiotik.
Berkala Ilmiah Perikanan. 3 (2) : 1-4.
Ataalla, A.A.M. 2013. Effects of partial and total substitution of fish meal with corn
gluten meal on growth performance, nutrients utilization and some blood
constituents of the nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. J. Aquat. Biol. & Fish.
17 (1) : 91100.
Ayyat, M.S., H.I. El-Marakby. and S.M. Sharaf. 2011. Effect of dietary protein
level, stocking density, and dietary pantothenic acid supplementation rate on
performance and blood components of nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus.
Journal of Applied Aquaculture. 23 : 122135.
Azaza, M.S., K. Wassim., F. Mensi., A. Abdelmouleh., B. Brini. and M.M. Kralem.
2009. Evaluation of faba beans (Vicia faba L. var. minuta) as a replacement
for soybean meal in practical diets of juvenile Nile tilapia Oreochromis
niloticus. Aquaculture. 287 : 174179.
Azizah, N., A.N. Al-Baarridan. dan S. Mulyani. 2012. Pengaruh lama fermentasi
terhadap kadar alkohol, pH dan produksi gas. Jurnal Aplikasi Teknologi
Pangan. 1 (2) : 72-77.
Azwar, Z,I. dan I, Melati. 2010. Peningkatan kualitas bungkil kelapa sawit melalui
proses fermentasi menggunakan Aspergillus niger : optimasi nutrien substrat
dengan penambahan Premix. Balai Riset Perikanan Budidaya Air Tawar,
Bogor. p : 695700.
Bhatnagar, D., I, Joseph and R.P. Raj. 2010. Amylase and acid protease
production by solid state fermentation using Aspergillus niger from mangrove
swamp. Indian J. Fish. 57 (1) : 45-5.

55

Bhavsar, K., V.R. Kumar. and J.M. Khire. 2011. High level phytase production by
Aspergillus niger NCIM 563 in solid state culture: response surface
optimization, upscaling, and its partial characterization. Journal of Industrial
Microbiology & Biotechnology. 38 : 1407-1417.
Brijwani, K., H.S. Oberoi. and P.V. Vadlani. 2010. Production of a cellulolytic
enzyme system in mixed-culture solid-state fermentation of soybean hulls
supplemented with wheat bran. Process Biochemistry. 45 : 12028.
Bureau, D.P., A.M. Harris. and C.Y. Cho. 1999. Apparent digestibility of endered
animal protein ingredients for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).
Aquaculture. 180 (3-4) : 345-358.
Buwono, I.D. 2000. Kebutuhan Asam Amino Esensial dalam Ransum Ikan.
Kanisius,Yogyakarta. 56 hlm.
Chee, K.M., K.S. Chun., B.D. Huh., J.H. Choi., M.K. Chung., H.S. Lee., I.S. Shin.
and K.Y. Whang. 2005. Comparative feeding values of soybean hulls and
wheat bran for growing and finishing swine. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 18 (6) :
861-867.
Cho, C.Y., C.B. Cowey. and R. Watanabe. 1985. Finfish Nutrition in Asia.
Methodological Approaches Research Center Ottawa. 154 p.
Chou, B.S. and S.Y. Shiau.1996. Optimal dietary lipid level for growth of juvenile
hybrid tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus x Oreochromis aureus. Aquaculture. 143
: 185195.
Couto, S.R. and M.A. Sanromn. 2006. Application of solid-state fermentation to
food industry a review. J. Food Eng. 76 : 291302.
Davis, A.T. and R.R. Stickney. 1978. Growth responses of Tilapia aurea to dietary
protein quality and quantity. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 107: 479-483.
Dedabo. E., N. Kebtineh., S. Sorsa. and K. Balkew. 2014. Food and feeding
habits of the red belly tilapia in kake ziway ethiopia. Journal Agriculture.
3 (1) : 17-23.
Degani, G and D. Levanon. 1983. The influence of low density on food
adaptation, cannibalism and growth of eels (Anqullia anquilla). Journal
Galilee Technological Center. 6 : 53-60.
Desai, D.I. and B.D. Lyer. 2016. Biodeinking of old newspaper pulp using a
cellulase-free xylanase preparation of Aspergillus niger DX-23. Biocatalysis
and Agricultural Biotechnology. 5 : 7885.
De Silva, S.S and T.A. Anderson. 1995. Fish Nutrition in Aquaculture, London:
Chapman & Hall. 230 p.
Demirel, Yaykasli. and Yasar. 2004. The production of citric acid by using
immobilized Aspergillus niger A-9 and investigation of its various effects.
Food Chemistry. p :393396.
Enari, T.M. 1983. Microbial Cellulase. Microbial Enzymes and Biotechnology,
New York: Applied Sci. Publisher. 121 p.

56

El-Sayed, A.F.M., C.R. Mansour. and A.A. Ezzat. 2003. Effects of dietary protein
level on spawning performance of nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
broodstock reared at different water salinities. Aquaculture. 220 : 619632.
Erfanto, F., J. Hutabarat. dan E. Arini. 2013. Pengaruh substitusi silase ikan rucah
dengan persentase yang berbeda pada pakan buatan terhadap efisiensi
pakan, pertumbuhan dan kelulushidupan benih ikan mas (Cyprinus carpio).
Journal of Aquaculture Management and Technology. 2 (2): 26-36.
Fardiaz, S. 1988. Fisiologi Fermentasi. Direktorat Jenderal Pendidikan Tinggi
Pusat antara Universitas Pangan dan Gizi. Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor.
114 hlm.
Farinas., C.S., M.M. Loyo., A.B. Junior., P.W. Tardioli., V.B. Neto. and S. Couri.
2010. Finding stable cellulase and xylanase: evaluation of the synergistic
effect of pH and temperature. New Biotechnology. 27 : 810-815.
Fitriliyani, I. 2010. Evaluasi nilai nutrisi tepung daun lamtoro gung (Leucaena
leucophala) terhidrolisis dengan ekstrak enzim cairan rumen domba (Ovis
aries) terhadap kinerja pertumbuhan ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus). Jurnal
akuakultur Indonesia. 9 (1) : 3037.
Frazier, W.C and D.C. Westhaff 1978. Food Microbiology. McGraw - Hill Book
Co, New York. 540 p.
Frobisher, D. 1962. Fundaments of Microbiology. Seventh edition. W.B. Sounders
Company, Philadelphia, London. 617 p.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2011. FISHSTAT
Plus: Universal Software for Fishery Statistical Time Series, Version 2.3.
FAO Fisheries Department, Fishery Information, Data and Statistical Unit,
Rome. 518 p.
Gandjar, I. dan Wellyzar. 2006. Mikologi Dasar dan Terapan. Yayasan Obor
Indonesia, Jakarta. 234 hlm.
Gaman, P.M. and K.B. Sherrington. 1998. The Science of Food: an
Introduction to Food Science Nutrition and Microbiology. Pergamon Press
Oxford. p : 196-215.
Golan, A. E. 2011. Biotechnology in Agriculture, Industry and Medicine :
Cellulase: Types and Action, Mechanism, and Uses. Nova, New York, NY,
USA. 306 p.
Gray, W. D. 1970. The Use Of Fungi As Food and In Food Processing. CRC
Press, Ohio. p : 85135.
Guerra, P.N., A.A. Torrado., C.M. Lopez. and L. Pastrana. 2003. Main
characteristics and applications of solid state fermentation. Electron. J.
Environ. Agric. Food Chem. 2 : 343350.
Handajani. 2011. Optimalisasi substitusi tepung azolla terfermentasi pada pakan
ikan untuk meningkatkan produktifitas ikan nila gift. Jurnal Teknik Industri. 12
(2) : 177-181.

57

Handajani, H. 2006. Pemanfaatan tepung azolla sebagai penyusun pakan ikan


terhadap pertumbuhan dan daya cerna ikan nila gift (Oreochromis sp).
GAMMA. 1 (2) : 162170.
Hassaan, M.S., M.A. Soltan. and A.M.A. Moez. 2015. Nutritive value of soybean
meal after solid state fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae for Nile
tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 201 :
89 98.
Hepher B. 1988. Nutrition of Pond Fishes. New York : Cambridge University
Press. 385 p.
Hernndez, C., M.A. Olvera-Novoa., D. Voltolina., R.W. Hardy., B.G. Rodriguez.,
P.D. Jimenez., M.V. Romero. and S.A. Romero. 2013. Use of tuna industry
waste in diets for Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus,fingerlings: effect on
digestibility and growth performance. Lat. Am. J. Aquat. Res. 41 (3) : 468478.
Herry., Z.A. Masud., K. Sutriah. 2010. Degredasi ampas perasan kelapa sawit
menggunakan kombinasi kimia dan enzimatis. Tesis. Institut Pertanian
Bogor, Bogor. 56 hlm.
Hlker, U., M. Hfer and J. Lenz, 2004. Biotechnological advantages of
laboratory scale solid state fermentation with fungi. Appl. Microbiol.
Biotechnol. 64 : 175-186.
Immanuel, G., C.M.A. Bhagavath., P.I. Raj., P. Esakkraj and A. Palavesam. 2007.
Production and partial purification of cellulase by Aspergillus niger and A.
fumigatus fermented in coir waste and sawdust. Int. J. Microbiol. 41 (1) : 16
24.
Indariyanti, N., D. Jusadi. dan B.P. Utomo. 2011. Evaluasi kecernaan campuran
bungkil inti sawit (BIS) dan onggok yang difermentasi oleh Trichoderma
harzianum rifai untuk pakan ikan nila Oreochromis sp. Thesis. Institut
Pertanian Bogor, Bogor. 30 hlm.
Irawan, B., Sutihat. dan Sumardi. 2008. Uji aktivitas selulase dan lipase pada
mikrofungi selama proses dekomposisi limbah cair kelapa sawit dengan
pengujian kultur murni. Prosiding Seminar Hasil Penelitian dan Pengabdian
kepada Masyarakat. Lampung: Universitas Lampung. 284291 pp.
Jecu, L. 2000 .Solid state fermentation of agricultural wastes for endoglucanase
production. Ind. Crops Prod.11 : 15.
Julia, B.M., A.M. Belen., B. Georgina. and F. Beatriz. 2016. Potential use of
soybean hulls and waste paper as supports in SSF for cellulase production
by Aspergillus niger. Journal biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology. 6 :
1-8
Jusadi, D., E. Ekasari. dan K. Aziz. 2013. Peningkatan kualitas kulit buah kakao
menggunakan cairan rumen domba untuk pakan ikan nila. Jurnal akuakultur
Indonesia. 12 (1) : 40 - 47.

58

Kim, H. 1995. Characterization and substrate specivity of an endo-betha-1,4-Dglukanase (Avicelase I) from an extracellular multienzyme complex of
Bacillus circulans. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 61: 959-965.
Klass, L. D. 1998. Biomass for renewable energy, fuels, and chemicals.
Academic Press, San Diego, California. 250 p.
Kompiang, I.P., A. Sinurat dan Supriyati. 1995. Pengaruh protein enriched
sagu/limbah sagu terhadap kinerja ayam pedaging. Tesis. Institut Pertanian
Bogor, Bogor. 71 hlm.
KKP. 2015. Rancangan Renstra DJPB 2015 2019. Kementrian Kelautan dan
Perikanan DJPB, Jakarta. 22 Hlm.
Labib, E.M.H., M.A. Zaki. and Mabrouk. 2012. Nutritional studies on partial and
total replacement of fishmeal by jojoba meal (Simmondsia chinensis) in nile
tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings diets. APCBEE Procedia. 4 : 196203.
Lammirato, C., A. Miltner., L.Y. Wick. and M. Kstner. 2010. Hydrolysis of
cellobiose by -glucosidase in the presence of soil minerals e interactions at
solid-liquid interfaces and effects on enzyme activity levels. Soil Biology and
Biochemistry. 42 : 2203-2210.
Lawal, T.E., G.F. Faniyi., O.M. Alabi., S.G. Ademola. and T.O. Lawal. 2012.
Enhancement of the feeding value of wheat offal for broiler feeding after its
solid state fermentation with Aspergillus niger. African Journal of
Biotechnology. 11 (65) : 12925 12929.
Li, J.S., J.L. Li. and T.T. Wu. 2007. The effects of copper, iron and zinc on
digestive enzyme activity in the hybrid tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (L.) x
Oreochromis aureus (Steindachner). Journal of Fish Biology. 71 : 17881798.
Lim, C., M.A. Yildrim., M.M. Barros. and P. Klesius. 2011. Thiamin requirement of
Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society.
42 : 824833.
Lovell, T. 1989. Nutrition and Feeding of Fish. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.
260 p.
Maynard, L.A., J.K. Loosli., H.F. Hintz. and R.G. Warner. 1979. Animal Nutrition.
Seventh Edition McGraw-Hill Book Company. New Delhi. 602 p.
Megawati, R.W., M. Arief. dan M.A. Alamsjah. 2012. Pemberian pakan dengan
kadar serat kasar yang berbeda terhadap daya cerna pakan pada ikan
berlambung dan ikan tidak berlambung. Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan
Kelautan. 4 (2) : 187192.
Mairizal. 2009. Pengaruh pemberian kulit ari biji kedelai hasil fermentasi dengan
Aspergillus niger sebagai pengganti jagung dan bungkil kedelai dalam
ransum terhadap retensi bahan kering, bahan organik dan serat kasar pada
ayam pedaging. Jurnal ilmiah ilmu-ilmu peternakan. 1 (12) : 35 - 40.

59

Melati, I., Zahril, I.A. dan Titin, K. 2010. Pemanfaatan ampas tahu terfermentasi
sebagai substitusi tepung kedelai dalam formulasi pakan ikan patin.
Prosiding Forum Inovasi Teknologi Akuakultur. p : 713 717.
Michael, J.W., N.L. Morgan., J.S. Rockey and G. Higton. 2001. Industrial
Microbiology an Introduction. Blackwell Science. London. 302 p.
Mielenz, J., J.S. Bardsley and C.E. Wyman. 2009. Fermentation of soybean hulls
to ethanol while preserving protein value. Bioresource Technology. 100 :
35323539.
Minggawati, I. 2006. Pengaruh padat penebaran yang berbeda terhadap
pertumbuhan Ikan nila gift (Oreochromis sp.) yang dipelihara dalam baskom
plastik. Journal of Tropical Fisheries. 1 (2) : 119-125.
Miller, G.L. 1959. Use of Dinitrosalicyclyc acid reagent for determination of
reducing sugar. Journal analisys chemical. 31 : 426-428.
Mirnawati., Y. Rizal., Y. Marlida. and I.P. Kompiang. 2011. evaluation of palm
kernel cake fermented by Aspergillus niger as substitute for soybean meal
protein in the diet of broiler. International Journal of Poultry Science. 10 (7) :
537541.
Mirwandhono, E., I. Bachari. dan D. Situmorang. 2009. Uji nilai nutrisi kulit ubi
kayu yang difermentasi dengan Aspergillus niger. Jurnal Agribisnis. 2 (3) :
91-95.
Mitidieri., S., A.H.S. Martinelli., A. Schrank. and M.H. Vainstein. 2006. Enzymatic
detergent formulation containing amylase from Aspergillus niger: a
comparative study with commercial detergent formulations. Bioresource
Technology. 97 : 1217-1224.
Morya, V.K., S. Yadav., E. Kim. and D. Yadav. 2012. In silico characterization of
alkaline proteases from different species of Aspergillus. Applied
Biochemistry and Biotechnology. 166 : 243-257.
Mujiono, F., J. Sampekalo. dan C. Lumenta. 2015. Pertumbuhan benih Ikan nila
(Oreochromis niloticus) dengan menggunakan pakan komersil yang diberi
tambahan bakasang. Jurnal Budidaya Perairan Januari 2015. 3 (1) : 187194.
Munir, M., S. Romziah. dan G. Mahasri. 2015. Peningkatan nilai nutrisi pollard
melalui fermentasi ragi tempe sebagai bahan pakan buatan Ikan nila
(Oreochromis niloticus). Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan. 7 (1) : 67
70.
Mulia, D.S., M. Mudah., H. Maryanto. dan C. Purbomartono. 2014. Fermentasi
Ampas Tahu Dengan Aspergillus niger Untuk Meningkatkan Kualitas Bahan
Baku Pakan Ikan. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Hasil - Hasil Penelitian dan
Pengabdian LPPM UM. Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto,
Purwokerto. p : 336 345.
Narayana., Kishore. and Reddy. 2006. Biokinetic studies on citric acid production
using Aspergillus niger in batch fermentor. Indian Chemical Engineer. 4 (4) :
217 229.

60

Nazir. 1988. Metode Penelitian. Ghalia Indonesia, Jakarta. 597 hlm.


Ncube, T., R.L. Howard., E.K. Abotsi., E.L.J. van Rensburg. and I. Ncube. 2012.
Jatropha curcas seed cake as substrate for production of xylanase and
cellulase by Aspergillus niger FGSCA733 in solid-state fermentation.
J.indcrop. 37 : 118123.
Nelwida, 2011. Pengaruh pemberian kulit ari biji kedelai (Glycine max L. Merril)
hasil fermentasi dengan Aspergillus niger dalam ransum terhadap bobot
karkas ayam pedaging. Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Peternakan. 14 : 23 29.
National Research Council (NRC). 2011. Nutrient Requirements of Fish and
Shrimp. National Academy Press, Washington DC. 135 p.
National Research Council (NRC). 1993. Nutrient requirement of fish. National
Academy Press, N W Washington.124 p.
Nur, Y.S., K.D. Wiryawan., R. Syarief., L.A. Sofyan. dan Nahrowi. 2012.
Biokonversi serat sawit dengan Aspergillus niger pensintesa Cr- organic
sebagai komponen ransum komplit domba. Disertasi. Institut Pertanian
Bogor, Bogor. 161 Hlm.
Omojasola, P.F., O.P. Jilani. and S.A. Ibiyemi. 2008. Cellulase production by
some fungi cultured on pineapple waste. Nature Sci. 6 : 64-69.
Panda, S.S., K. Sahoo., R. Das. and N.K. Dhal. 2012. Pectinolytic and cellulolytic
activity of soil fungal isolates from similipal bioreserve forest. Journal
environment. 2 (2) : 13.
Pangesti, N.W.I., A. Pangastuti. dan E. Retnaningtyas. 2012. Pengaruh
penambahan molase pada produksi enzim xilanase oleh fungi Aspergillus
niger dengan substrat jerami padi. Bioteknologi. 9 (2) : 41-48.
Piliang, W. dan S.A. Djojosoebagio. 2006. Fisiologi Nutrisi Volume I. IPB Press,
Jakarta. 96 hlm.
Rahayu, S.Y. 2011. Analisis produksi bersaing untuk menentukan strategi
pemasaran UMKM di kota Malang. Jurnal strategi pemasaran. 1 (2): 71-77
Rajesh, N., I. Joseph. and R.P. Raj. 2010. Value addition of vegetable wastes by
solid-state fermentation using Aspergillus niger for use in aquafeed industry.
Waste Management. 30 : 2223 2227.
Rimbawanto, E., Aris. dan N. Iriyanti. 2000. Pengaruh penggunaan kulit biji
kedele sebagai pengganti jagung dalam ransum terhadap kecernaan energi,
protein dan kinerja domba. Animal Production. 2 (2) : 98 -103.
Saha, B.C. 1991. Mixed Cultures in Enzymatic Degradation of Polysaccharides.
McGraw-Hill Inc, New york. p : 261 292.
Sahlin, P. 1999. fermentation as a method of food processing. Thesis. Luod
University. 65 p.
Sari, L. dan T. Purwadaria. 2004. Pengkajian nilai gizi hasil fermentasi mutan
Aspergillus niger pada substrat bungkil kelapa dan bungkil inti sawit. Jurnal
Biodiversitas. 5 (2) : 48-51.

61

Schirmer, M.A.C., S.H. Flores., P.F. Hertz., G.S. Matos. and M.A. Ayub. 2008.
Production of ethanol from soybean hull hydrolysate by osmotolerant
Candida guilliermondii NRRL Y-2075. Bioresource Technol. 99 : 28982904.
Selpiana, L., Santoso. dan B. Putri. 2013. Kajian tingkat kecernaan pakan buatan
yang berbasis tepung ikan rucah pada kan nila merah (Oreochromis
niloticus). Jurnal Rekayasa dan Teknologi Budidaya Perairan.1 (2) : 101108.
Soebjakto, S. 2015. Laporan Kinerja Direktorat Jenderal Perikanan Budidaya
Tahun 2014. Kementrian Kelautan dan Perikanan DJPB, Jakarta. 51 hlm.
Sohail, M., R. Siddiqi., A. Ahmad. and S.A. Khan. 2009. Cellulase production from
Aspergillus Niger MS82: effect of temperature and pH. Biotechnol. 25 : 437
441.
Sukardi, W. dan I. Purwaningsih. 2008. Uji coba penggunaan inokulum tempe
dari kapang Rhizopus oryzae dengan substrat tepung beras dan ubikayu
pada unit produksi tempe Sanan Kodya Malang. Jurnal Teknologi Pertanian.
9 (3) : 207 215.
Suprihatin. 2010. Teknologi Fermentasi. UNESA Press, Surabaya. 43 hlm.
Sutardi. 1997. Landasan Ilmu Nutrisi. Departemen Ilmu Nutrisi dan Makanan
Ternak. Fakultas Peternakan IPB, Bogor. 72 hlm.
Sweilum, M.A., M.M. Abdella. and E. S.A. Salah. 2005. Effect of dietary proteinenergy levels and fish initial sizes on growth rate, development and
production of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus L. Aquaculture Research. 36
: 14141421.
Takeuchi T. 1988. Labortory Work Chemical Evaluation of Dietary Nutrients.
Tokyo. Departement of Aquatic Biosciences Tokyo University of Fisheries.
JICA. p : 179-233.
Thongprajukaew, K., S. Rodjaroen., C. Tantikitti. and U. Kovitvadhi. 2015.
Physicochemical modifications of dietary palm kernel meal affect growth and
feed utilization of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Animal Feed Science
and Technology. 202 : 9099.
Tillman, A.D., H. Hartadi., S. Reksohadiprodjo. dan S. Lebdosukodjo. 1998. Ilmu
Makanan Ternak Dasar. Gajah Mada University Press, Yogyakarta. 422 hlm.
Trivedi, N., C.R.K. Reddy., R. Radulovich. and B. Jha. 2015. Solid state
fermentation (SSF) derived cellulase for saccharification of the green
seaweed Ulva for bioethanol production. Algal Research. 9 : 4854.
Van Soest, P.J., J.B. Robertson. and B.A. Lewis. 1991. Methods for dietary fiber
and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal Dairy
Science. 74: 3583-3597.
Van Soest, P. J. 1987. Nutritional Ecology of Ruminant Metabolism. Cornell
University Press, Ithaca, New York. 160 p.
Veerabhadrappa, M.B., S.B. Shivakumar. and S. Devappa. Solid-state
fermentation of Jatropha seed cake for optimization of lipase, protease and

62

detoxification of anti-nutrients in Jatropha seed cake using Aspergillus


versicolor CJS-98. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering. 117 (2) : 208214.
Watanabe, T. 1988. Fish Nutrition and Mariculture. Department of aquatic
bioscience.Tokyo University of Fisheries. JICA. 223 p.
Webster, C.D. and C. Lim. 2002. Nutrient Requirements and Feeding of Finfish
for Aquaculture. The Haworth Press, New York. 364 p.
Winarno, F.G. 1981. Bahan Pangan Terfermentasi. Pusat Penelitian dan
Pengembangan Teknologi Pangan Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor. 27 hlm.
Yanti, Z., Z.A. Muchlisin, dan Sugito. 2013. Pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan
hidup benih ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus) pada beberapa konsentrasi
tepung daun jaloh (Salix tetrasperma) dalam pakan. Depik. 2 (1) : 16-19.
Yildrum, O., U. Acar., A. Turker., M.C. Sunar. and O.S. Kesbic. 2014. effects of
replacing fish meal with peanut meal (arachis hypogaea) on growth, feed
utilization and body composition of mozambique tilapia fry (oreochromis
mossambicus). Pakistan J. Zool. 46 (2) : 497502.
Zheng, Y., H. Zhang., D. Wang., P. Gao. and A. Shan. 2014. Strain development
and optimized fermentation conditions for blood meal using Aspergillus niger
and Aspergillus oryzae. Journal of Microbiological Methods. 101 : 7080.
Zonneveld, N., E.A. Huisman., dan J.H. Boon. 1991. Prinsip-Prinsip Budidaya
Ikan. Terjemahan. PT. Gramedia Pustaka Utama: Jakarta. 318 hlm.
Zubaidah, E. dan D. Widya. 2006. Petunjuk Praktikum Mikrobiologi Pangan.
Jurusan Teknologi Hasil Pertanian. Universitas Brawijaya, Malang. 263 hlm.

You might also like