Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Environmental Engineering
Course EENV101
Part 2b Wk 7-8
Solid-Waste Management
Chapter Ten of Textbook
By Engr. Jessica. M. Castillo
3rd Term 2015-2016
COURSE OBJECTIVES
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Environmental Issues:
Climate Change
Ozone Depletion
Green House Effect
Water Pollution
Air Pollution
Noise Pollution
Solid Wastes
Denuded forests
Landslides
Fish kill
Oil spill
etc
TRANSPORT
PROCESSING
Management Technologies
DISPOSAL
In all of these stages wastes have to be reduced.
- toxic and
hazardous wastes
household chemicals
medical wastes
harmful chemicals
Industrial wastes
bioenergypro.com
Rapid Urbanization
Changing Lifestyles
Public Indifference
Consumption Patterns
Public awareness
Government initiatives
Accumulation
Pollution
Collection
Dump sites
Material Recovery Facility
Recycling
Market for recyclables
Health Impacts
etc
CONVENTIONAL DISPOSAL
METHODS
- Open Dumps
- Sanitary Landfills
- Burning or Incineration
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
- Ozone depletion
- Soil and ground water contamination
- Rivers and Lakes pollution
RECYCLING AND
MATERIAL RECOVERY
Solution:
COMPOSTING
Carbonaceous
+
Nitrogenous
http://extension.missouri.edu/p/G6956
What is a compost?
Compost is partially decomposed organic matter. It is dark and easily
crumbled and has an earthy aroma. It is created by biological processes in
which soil-inhabiting organisms break down plant tissue.
When decomposition is complete, compost has turned to a darkbrown powdery material called humus. The processes occurring in a compost
pile are similar to those that break down organic matter in soil. However,
decomposition occurs much more rapidly in the compost pile because the
environment can be made ideal for the microbes to do their work .
http://extension.missouri.edu/p/G6956
COMPOSTING PROBLEM
Composting Process
The length of time necessary for
the composting process depends on
several conditions:
Carbon-to-nitrogen ratio
Surface area of particles
Aeration
Moisture
Temperature
Eco-industrial Revolution
- Goal is to make industrial manufacturing
processes cleaner and more sustainable
by redesigning them to mimic how
nature deals with wastes.
- Nature: waste outputs becomes nutrient
inputs
- Resource exchange webs: wastes of
one manufacturer becomes raw
materials for another
Outsourcing:
Instead of simply selling air
conditioning units, they provide air
conditioning systems to manufacturing
plants. The service company provides the
maintenance and repairs, improvements etc.
WASTE GENERATION
Kinds of Solid Wastes and its sources
STORAGE
Material Recovery Facility
COLLECTION
Solid waste Reduction
TRANSPORT
PROCESSING
Management Technologies
DISPOSAL
In all of these stages wastes have to be reduced.
Sanitary Landfill
* sites where waste
is isolated from the environment until it is safe.
http://worldfromeyes.blogspot.com/2011/04/sanitary-landfill-waste-management.html
Minimum Requirements:
Full or partial hydrogeological isolation: if a site cannot be located on
land which naturally contains leachate security, additional lining
materials should be brought to the site to reduce leakage from the base
of the site (leachate) and help reduce contamination of groundwater and
surrounding soil. If a liner - soil or synthetic - is provided without a
system of leachate collection, all leachate will eventually reach the
surrounding environment. Leachate collection and treatment must be
stressed as a basic requirement.
Formal engineering preparations: designs should be developed from
local geological and hydrogeological investigations. A waste disposal
plan and a final restoration plan should also be developed.
Permanent control: trained staff should be based at the landfill to
supervise site preparation and construction, the depositing of waste and
the regular operation and maintenance.
Planned waste emplacement and covering: waste should be spread in
layers and compacted. A small working area which is covered daily
helps make the waste less accessible to pests and vermin.
http://web.mit.edu/urbanupgrading/urbanenvironment/sectors/solid-waste-landfills.html
HAZARDOUS WASTES
Refers to any solid waste or combination of
solid wastes which is toxic, ignitable, corrosive or
reactive enough that may
(1) cause harm, or significantly contribute to an
increase in mortality or an increase in serious
irreversible, or incapacitating reversible, illness; or
(2) pose a substantial present or potential
hazard to human health or the environment when
improperly treated, stored, transported, or disposed
of, or otherwise managed;
Treatment : Pyrolysis
Pyrolysis is formally defined as chemical decomposition induced in organic materials by
heat in the absence of oxygen.
67-66-3 CHLOROFORM
76-06-2 CHLOROPICRIN
18540-29-9 CHROMIUM COMPOUNDS
57-12-5 CYANIDE COMPOUNDS*
64-67-5 DIETHYL SULFATE
106-93-4 ETHYLENE DIBROMIDE
75-21-8 ETHYLENE OXIDE
111-30-8 GLUTARALDEHYDE
50-00-0 FORMALDEHYDE
9002-83-9 HALONS*
118-74-1 HEXACHLOROBENZENE
67-72-1 HEXACHLOROETHANE
302-01-2 HYDRAZINE
7439-92-1 LEAD COMPOUNDS
149-30-4 MBT
594-42-3 MERCAFTAN
PERCHLOROMETHYL
"Only