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Based on :
GD, J. Viti, Phase separation and interface structure in two dimensions from
field theory, J. Stat. Mech. (2012) P10009 [arXiv:1206.4959]
GD, A. Squarcini, Interfaces and wetting transition on the half plane. Exact
results from field theory, J. Stat. Mech. (2013) P05010 [arXiv:1303.1938]
GD, A. Squarcini, Multiple interfaces, to appear
phase separation classical topic of statistical mechanics emphasizing role of boundary conditions and notion of interface
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2
1
12
23
3
j > 1 only
limR
: pure phase a
R
a
surface tension :
R/2
Z (R)
1 ln ab
ab = limR R
Za (R)
R/2
a
boundary states :
|Bab( R
2 )i =
|Ba( R
2 )i =
i
hR
P R
R
H
d
=e 2
2 f ()|Kab ()i + c |KacKcb i + . . .
R
2H
=e
P R
[|ai + c |KacKcai + . . .]
|f (0)|2
R
R
mab R
Z (R) = hB ( R )|B ( R )i h | i = 1
a
a 2
a
a a
2
magnetization profile :
h(x, 0)iab = Z1 hBab ( R
)|(x, 0)|Bab( R
2
2 )i
ab
|f (0)|2
Zab
12 1 2
2
R d d
1
2
1 2 F ( | ) em[(1+ 4 + 4 )Ri12x]
2 2 ab 1 2
( | ) hK ( )|(0, 0)|K ( )i
Fab
1 2
ab 1
ab 2
mR 1
a b
a b
=
a b
P
hiahib
n + 2 ( )hi
= i i + n=0 cn 12
a
12
12
[Berg, Karowski, Weisz, 78; Smirnov, 80s; GD, Cardy, 98] Does not require
integrability
1 hi + hi 1 hi hi erf
2m x
h(x, 0)iab = 2
[ a
[
]
(
a
b]
b
2
R )
+c0
2 e2mx2 /R + . . .
mR
erf(z)
Rz
2
t
0 dt e
q
1
1
h(x, 0)iab = 2 [hia + hib] 2 [hia hib] erf( 2m
R x)
2 e2mx2 /R + . . .
+c0 mR
q-state Potts:
c (x) = s(x),c 1/q ,
hcia = (qac
cab,c
0
B(3) =
2m
x)
R
1.0
c = 1, . . . , q
h1i12 /M
h3i12 /M
M
1) q1
0.8
q=3
0.6
0.4
mR = 10
0.2
= [2 q(ac + bc )]B(q)
M
,
4 3
B(4) =
-10
-5
3 3
-0.2
-0.4
10
mx
percolation:
sites randomly occupied with probability p
on the plane: infinite cluster for p > pc
P =prob. site infinite cluster
maps on q 1 Potts
on the strip, take only configurations
without clusters connecting left
and right parts of the boundary
s
0
2mx2 /R
2 e
= P2 1 erf( 2m
x)
R
mR
.x
1,
0,
x0
x<0
p(u) =
2m e2mu2 /R ,
R
A0 = cm0
(y) =
|y| < R
2 as R
y 2
1 ( R/2
)
field theory says that it holds for any interface between adjacent phases
Wetting
is the ability of a phase to maintain contact with a surface
half plane :
Ba = boundary condition at x = 0
breaking the symmetry in direction a
a
ym cosh F ()
Ba h|ab (y)|Kba()iBa = e
F() = a + O( 2)
(y)
ab
pinned interfaces :
(R/2)
R
ZBaba = Ba h|ab( R
2 )ba( 2 )|iBa
ab
R d
|a|2 emR
2
mR
cosh
2 |F()| e
2 2(mR)3/2
(R/2)
ba
1
R )(x, 0) ( R )|i
h|
(
h(x, 0)iBaba = ZB
B
Ba
ab
ba
2
2
aba a
2
Z1
Baba
R d1 d2
2 )Ri x]
1
+
m[(1+
12
4
4
2 2 F (1) Fab (1|2) F (2) e
hia ,
hib ,
x
R
8m
R
2
2m
xe R x
wall-interface distance
mR, mx 1
passage probability :
h(x, 0)iBaba hia
Z x
0
du p(u) + hib
2m 3/2 x2 e2mx2 /R
R
Z
x
mx 1
du p(u) ,
pHxL
mR=2500
0.020
mR=5000
0.015
0.010
0.005
50
100
150
200
mx
b
b
g
a
iu
u b
0<u<
ab
ab
g
ig
F( iu) iu
Ba h|ab (0)|iBa
2
Ba h|ab(0)|iB emR cos u
(R/2)
ab
(R/2)
ba
(1x )
u = u( (TcT )
Double interfaces
suppose going from |ai to |bi requires two kinks
c
a
b
H P R
R
R
2
|Bab( 2 )i = e
[ c d1d2 facb(1, 2) |Kac(1)Kcb (2)i + . . .]
Ashkin-Teller
H=
1, 2 = 1
hx1 x2 i
(+)
(++)
2
2m sin 2(8
2) ,
(++)() =
2m ,
J4 0
4
2
=1
()
(+)
J4 > 0
tanh 2J4
arcsin( tanh
) on square lattice
2J4 1
+
+
++
1
q=3
0
3
h1 i1
q2
2
2(q1)
q
+ q1
z 2
z e
2z 2
1 2 e
erf(z)
z 2
2z erf(z)e
+ erf2(z)
2m x
R
passage probability
2 +z 2 )
(z
2m
2
1
2
p(x1, x2) = R (z1 z2) e
Conclusion
field theory yields exact asymptotic results for phase separation
in 2D
reason is not integrability, but that interfaces are particle trajectories results are general
notion of interface emerges directly in the continuum
although mR 1 projects to low energies, relativistic particles
essential for kinematical poles ( erf) and contact angle
phase separation basic application of kinematical poles, massive boundary states and boundary changing operators, boundary
bound states
SLE describes fractal curves at criticality; connection with the
off-critical case of this talk?