CALCULUS REVIEW

Limits
1.

Evaluate each limit, if it exists.

a ) lim ( x + 1)
2

b ) lim

x 2

x 3

5
d ) lim
x
x e

x 5

2 x 3 3x 2 8 x 3
c ) lim
x +1
x 1
f ) lim

Use the graphs to evaluate the following limits.

a)

b)

lim f (x )

lim f ( x )

x 2

x 2 +

x 2 +

x 2 +

x 2

x 2

f ( 2)

f (2)

lim f ( x )

lim f ( x )

lim f ( x )

3.

6x 9x2
18 x 2

4x3 8x4 + 9x8

5 x 2 + 12 x 5

g ) lim
2.

e ) lim

x 3
2
x x 6
1 1

x 5
x 5

lim f ( x )

Find the derivative using only first principles.

a) y = 2x 2 + x

Answers:
1a) 5 b) 1/5
2a)i) -4 ii) -6

c) 4
d) DNE
iii) DNE
iv) -6

3a) 4x+1

b)

b) y =

x +1

c) y =

e) -1/25 f) -1/2 g) DNE

b)i) -1 ii) -1
iii) -1

1
1
c)
( x 4) 2
2 x +1

1
x 4

iv) 5

Derivatives
1.
2. Differentiate. Simplify.

a ) f ( x ) = 3 x 2 + 10
d ) g(x) =
g) f (x) =
j) y =
3. Find

b ) y = x ( 4 x 1)

3x
2
x +5

x2 + 4x 1
x2 + 2

k ) f (x) =

1
2

f ) y = 5x

h ) y = ( 6 x 2 )(7 x + 5 )

1
x3

e) y =

( x )( x )

c ) h ( x ) = ( 2 x 2 + 3) 2 ( x 4 ) 3

3
x

i) g ( x ) = x 4 (2 x + 7) 2

x +4
x 5

dy
at the indicated x value.
dx

3x
,x = 3
2x + 9
2
c) y = + m, m = n 2 , n = x , x = 1
m

a) y =

b ) y = 3 a 2 5 a + 7 , a = x 2 + 2 , x = 2

dy
.
dx
a ) x 2 + y 2 = 10

b ) y 3 x = 15

d ) 4 x 2 y + 9 y 2 = 25

e) y + y 6 = x

4. Find

c ) 3 xy + x 2 = 5

5.

Find the point(s) at which the tangent to the curve

6.

Find the equation of the tangent to the curve

y=

y = ( 6 x 2 5 x )( 3 x 2 x + 1) at the point (1,3).

7. What is the equation of the normal to the graph of y =

8. Find the point(s) at which the tangent to the curve
9. At what point is the tangent to the curve

2
is horizontal.
x + 6x
2

2
4
when x= -2.
3
x
x2

4 x 2 + y 2 8 x + 6 y = 67 equals 1.

x 2 + y 2 = 100 parallel to 2x+2y-5=0 ?

Answers:

x +1
1a )
x 1

1
b) 2
x 1

2 a ) 6 x b )8 x 1
f)

5
2x

3
2

3
x2

3a) 3/25
5. ( 3 ,

2
)
9

c)4 x + 4 x + 1
2

x2 2x + 3
d) 2
x 2x +1

2
x + 1
e)
+ 1 or

x 1 x 1
2

c ) ( 2 x 2 + 3 )( x 4 ) 2 (14 x 2 32 x + 9 )

g)

7 16
x
6

h ) 84 x + 16

b) -124

6. 26x-y-23=0

9. All points where x=y

c) -2

7. y =

d)

3 ( x 2 5 )
3
e) 4
( x 2 + 5) 2
x

i ) 4 x 3 ( 2 x + 7 )(3 x + 7 ) j )
4a)

x
y

8
9
x+
11
44

b)

1
3y 2

c)

2 ( 2 x 2 3 x 4 )
( x 2 + 2)2

2 x 3 y
3x

8. (-1,5), (3,-11)

d)

4 xy
2 x2 + 9 y

k)
e)

9
( x 5) 2

1
1+ 6y5

Applications of Derivatives
1.
The position at t seconds of a particle moving along a straight line is given by

s ( t ) = 3 t 3 40.5 t 2 + 162t

, where s is measured in metres.

a) Determine the acceleration after 6 seconds.
b) When does the particle change directions?
c) When is the velocity increasing and when is it decreasing?
2.

A ball is thrown up and its motion can be described by h ( t ) = 4 .9 t + 6 t + 2 where the height is
2

measured in metres and the time in seconds.

a) Find the initial velocity.
b) When does the ball reach its maximum height?
c) When does the ball hit the ground?
d) What is its velocity when it hits the ground?
e) What is the acceleration of the ball at 4s?
3.

Two cars approach an intersection. At a certain time, each car is 5km from the intersection. One
car travels west at 90 km/h and the other travels south at 80 km/h.
a) What is the distance between the cars at this time?
b) How fast is the distance between the cars decreasing after 2 min?

4.

A train leaves at 4:00 and travels due west at 120 km/h. Another train travelling due north at 90
km/h arrives at the same train station at 5:00. When are the trains the closest together?

5.

You have 1000m of fencing for a garden. You plan on having one side against the house so you
need to fence only 3 sides. Find the dimensions to maximize the area of the garden.

6.

A cone of height 20cm and radius 8cm is constructed. Find the dimensions of the largest cylinder
that can fit inside the cone.

7.

The dealership buys cars for $15 000. When the dealer sells each car for $25000, she sells 24
cars per month. For each reduction of $600 in selling price, the dealer sells 2 more cars per
month. Determine the number of cars sold in one month to maximize profit.

8.

A box with no lid is to be made from a 40cm by 60cm sheet of metal. What are the dimensions to
maximize volume?

9.

A pipeline is to be constructed from an island that is 4km from the shore to a town that is 10km
north of the island, along the shoreline. Find the minimum cost if it cost $6000/km to lay pipe in
the water and $4000/km to lay pipe on land.

Answers:
2
1.a) 27m/s b) 3, 6 c) incr t>4.5, decr t<4.5
2. a) 6m/s b) 0.6s c) 1.5s d)-8.7m/s e) -9.8m/s2
3. a) 7.1 km
b) approx 120 km/h
4. 0.36 hours
5. 250m by 500m
6. r=16/3 cm, h=20/3 cm
7. 29
8. 7.8cm by 24.4cm by 44.4cm
9. 3.58 km from perpendicular to shoreline or 6.42km from town

Curve Sketching
1.
Find the maximum and minimum values and classify them.

y = x4 8x2 +5
2.

Find the intervals on which each curve is concave up.

a ) y = 5 x + 12 x 3 x + 2
3

3.

Find the vertical, horizontal, and oblique asymptotes, if possible.

6x2 5
b) y =
x +1

6x2
a) y = 2
2 x 5x 3
4.

x2
b) y = 2
x +4

Sketch each function using asymptotes, crossover points, critical points, points of inflection and
intercepts.

1
a ) y = 2 x 15x + 36 x 18 b ) y = 2
( omitPOI)
x ( x 2)
3

d) y =

4x 2 8x
c) y = 2
x + 2x 8

x 2 + 5x + 4
( omitPOI)
x 1
30.0

5.

Given the graph of f(x) below.

1. What are the x-coordinates of the local extrema for f(x)?
2. For what values of x is f(x) increasing?
3. What are the x-coordinates of the point of inflection of f(x)?
4. For what values of x is f(x) concave down?

Answers:
1. f(0)=5 max, f(2)=f(-2)=-11 min
3a) v.a. x=3,x=- h.a. y=3
4a)

2.a) x>-4/5

b)

b) -2<x<3, x>5

10.0

-4.0 -3.0 -2.0 -1.0

2
2
<x<
3
3

b) v.a. x= -1 o.a. y=6x-6

d)

5.a) x= -2,3,5

b)

20.0

c) x=0,4d) 0<x<4

c)

1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7

Derivatives of Exponential and Logarithmic Functions

1.

Find the derivative and simplify.

e ) y = ln(3 x 2 )

f ) y = 100(1.02) x

g ) y = ln x

ex
d) y =
x +2
h ) 2 x log 4 x

i ) y = ln e 2 x

j ) ( x + ln x ) 2

k ) y = e x ln 5 x

l ) y = e 4 x 1 10 2 x

a) y = e

b) y = 7

4x

m ) y = 5 ln x

n) y =

2 x 6

c ) y = log 6 ( x + 1)
2

( x 2 )( x + 3 ) 2
( x 1) 3

2.

Use implicit differentiation to find the derivative of a) x+exy =y

3.

Find the equation of the tangent to the curve y=2-xex at the point where x=0.

4.

Find the equation of the tangent to y= xlnx and parallel to 6x-2y+7=0

5.

Find the possible maximum and/or minimum point of

6.

The number of bacteria, N, in a culture at time, t, hours, is modelled by the equation

N ( t ) = 1000(50 + te

10

).

y=

ln x
x

b) lny+2x=3y

Determine the maximum number of bacteria in the culture between

t=0 and t=40 h.

Answers:

1. a ) 4 e

4x

b 2(7

l) 2e
2a )

10 ( 2 + ln 10)

1 + ye xy
1 xe xy

3. y= -x+2

2x
) ln 7 c ) 2
( x + 1) ln 6

2 (ln x + 1)
h)
ln 4

1
g)
2 x ln x
4 x 1

2 x 6

2x

b)

1
j ) 2 ( x + ln x )(1 + )
x

i) 2
m) 5

e x ( x + 1)
d)
( x + 2) 2

ln x

1
ln 5
x

f ) 100(1.02) x ln 1.02

( x 2 )( x + 3) 2 1
2
3
+

n)

3
x 2 x + 3 x 1
( x 1)

5. (e, 1/e)

2
x

ex
k ) ( x ln 5 x + 1)
x

1
y
4. y=3x-e2

e)

6. approx 536 790 000

Final Exam Review on Vectors

Page 1
1.
An airplane flies 400 km/h [NW] and is blown off course by a wind blowing
120 km/h [N 70 E]. Find the resultant velocity of the plane relative to the ground.

2.

r
OA = a

r
OABC is a parallelogram where
and OC = c . The diagonals intersect at F
r
r
E is the midpoint of FB. Express the following in terms of a and c :

(a)
3.

and

EF

From the given diagram, with

r
u =5

(b)

and

EA
r
v = 3 , determine the following without the use of a

calculator.

(a)
4.

r
proj vr u

(b)

r
proj ur v

(c)

r r
uv

Given the diagram below, determine the following:

r
r
(a)
proj ri u
(b)
proj rj u

i
An object of mass 25 kg is suspended from the ceiling by
two ropes that make angles of 25 and 35 with the ceiling.
Find the tension in each of the two ropes.
6.
A lawn roller with a mass of 150 kg is pushed with a force of 320 N along its handle. The
handle makes an angle of 30 with the ground.
(a)
Find the vertical and horizontal components of the force.
(b)
Find the magnitude of the force exerted by the moving roller on the ground.
Answers
1.
366 km/h N 28 W .

5.

2.

(a)

3.

(a)

r r
uv=

r r
EF = 14 (a + c )
r 5 3 r
proj vr u = 6 v
15 3
2

r
3i

(b)

r
r
EA = 14 a 34 c
r 3 3 r
(c)
proj ur v = 10 u
(b)

(b)

r
2j

4.

(a)

5.

The tension in the rope 25 from the ceiling is 232 N and the tension in the rope 35 from the
ceiling is 256 N.
(a)
The vertical component of the force is 160 N and the horizontal component
of the force is 277 N.
(b)
The force exerted by the roller on the ground is 1630 N.

6.

Final Exam Review on Vectors

Page 2
1.
If

r
n

is a unit vector directed into the page, evaluate

calculator when

r
r
u =10 and v =8.

(a)

r r
uv

and

r r
u v

without the use of a

(b)

2.

Find the exact area of the following shape.

3.

Use resolution of vectors to find the resultant of the following forces (round the magnitude to
one decimal place and the angle to the nearest degree).

r
F1 is 130 N [ N 70 E ]
r
F2 is 80 N [ N 140 W ]
r
F3 is 50 N [ N 30 W ]

4.

A uniform metre stick is balanced at the 50 cm mark. The stick is in equilibrium under the
actions of the forces in the following diagram. Find x .

5.

A mathlete in training (mass 75 kg) carries a 1 kg mathketball up a 6 m ladder inclined 35 to

the vertical. Find the work done (rounded to the nearest Joule) by the mathlete in training.

Answers
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

r r

(a)
u v = 40 ,
220 square units
52.8 N [N 60 E]
x = 66 cm
3 661 J

r
r r
u v = 40 3 n

(b)

r r
r
r r
u v = 40 3 , u v = 40 n

Final Exam Review on Vectors

Page 3
1.
A vector goes from

A(2,8)

to

B(1,3) .

Determine

(a)

the position vector equal to

AB ,

(b)

AB

(c)

the direction of

2.

Given

A(4,7)

3.

Given

AB

(correct to the nearest degree).

4.

5.

and

B(1,3) , find a vector of magnitude 3 opposite in direction to BA .

1
B(1,3) , find the coordinates of P when AP = PB .
3
r
r
r
r
3
Given the standard basis vectors in R , i , j , and k , and given a = ( 5,1,7)
r
b = (7,3,4) , determine
r r
proj kr (a + b)
(a)
r r
r
r
Evaluate ( 2 i 3 j ) ( i 2k ) .

A(2,5)

and

and

7.

D so that ABCD is a parallelogram, where A = (1,5, 4) ,

B = (3,6,2) , and C = ( 6,5,13) .
Given A( 4,3,0) , B ( 2,1,6) , and C (7, 2, 4) , determine the measurement of < CAB to

8.

the nearest degree.

r
Given u = ( 2,3) and

6.

9.
10.
11.

Determine the coordinates of

r
r
v = (5,4) , find proj vr u .
r
Determine the direction angles of a = ( 2,3,4) correct to the nearest degree.
Calculate the area of ABC (rounded to one decimal place) with vertices A(5,3,0) ,
B (6,1,2) , and C (0,0,1) .
Given the parallelepiped below, find the coordinates of E .

Answers
1.
(a)

(1,11)
(c)

265

5.

122
9 12
,

5
5

5
, 3

r
4
11k
(a)
14

6.

D = (2,4,7)

7.

101

9.

=& 68 , =& 124 , =& 42

(6, 5,4)

(b)
2.
3.
4.

8.
10.

8 .7

10 8
,

41 41
11.

Final Exam Review on Vectors

Page 4
1.
Determine the vector, parametric, and Cartesian equations of the line passing through the
points A( 2,3) and B ( 6,8) .
2.

Calculate the distance (to one decimal place) between the lines

2x + 3y = 3

and

6 x 9 y = 12 .
3.

Find the Cartesian equation of the line through

(1,0)

that is parallel to

( x, y ) = (6,4) + t (5,4) .
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

9.
10.

11.

Determine the distance between the following:

( x, y, z ) = (2,5,3) + t (1,0,1) and ( x, y, z ) = (3,1,2) + r (2,0,2) .
Determine the distance between the following:
( x, y, z ) = (1,2,3) + t (0,2,3) and ( x, y, z ) = (4,0,0) + r (1,2,1) .

P( 4,6,2) and parallel to

r
m = (3,0,1) .
2x 3 5 y
For the line
=
, z = 8 , determine a point on the line and a direction vector for
10
6

Determine the symmetric equations of the line passing through

the line.
Determine the point of intersection of the following lines:

x3 y 2 z +7
=
=
1
2
4

and

( x, y, z ) = (3,2, 7) + t (6,1,3) .

Determine the point of intersection of

( x, y, z ) = (5, 4,3) + t (3,1,2)

(b)
3x y 5 z 6 = 0

(a)
4x + y 5z = 0
Answers
1.
A vector equation is ( x, y ) = ( 2,3) + t ( 4,5) .

x = 2 4t
.

=
+
y
3
5
t

The Cartesian equation is 5 x + 4 y 2 = 0 .

1.9
4x + 5 y 4 = 0
Parametric equations are

2.
3.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.

4
0

x+4
= z 2, y = 6
3
3
r
P0 = ,5, 8 , m = ( 5,6,0)
2

(3,2, 7)
(a)
(b)
(2,3,1)

None

with

Extra Vectors Exam Review

1. Evaluate ( 2i 3 j ) (3k 4i ) .
2. Express

r
r
r
r
r
r
b as a linear combination of a and c where a =(-1,3), b =(2,-4) and c =(3,-3).

3. A mass of 9kg is suspended from a ceiling by two cords that make angles of 40 and 50 with the
ceiling. Find the tension in each cord.
4. An airplane has a velocity, relative to the air, of 150 km/h in a direction N30W. If the wind is blowing at
20 km/h from a direction S50E, determine the velocity of the plane relative to the ground to the nearest
km/h and to the nearest degree.
5. a) Determine the distance from the point (2,-1,4) to the plane
b) Find the distance between the planes defined by

2 x + 2 y z + 5 = 0 and 4 x + 4 y + 2 z + 17 = 0 .

c) Find the distance from the point (-3,0,1) to the line

x + 3 y 5z + 6 = 0 .

x2 y+2
=
= z .
2
2

6. Given a = (1,3,2), b = ( 2,1,3), c = ( 4,0,1)

a) Find 3a 2b + 3c

b) Find ( a b ) c
7.

Find parametric equations of the line through the points (-3, -2, 1) and (5, 4, -6).

8.

Find the point of intersection of the line

9.

Find the scalar equation of the plane through the points (6, 5, -4), (8, 9, -3), (7, 10, -2).

10. If

x3 y 4 z +5
=
=
and the plane 2 x + y 3z 4 = 0 .
3
4
1

1 2 , then determine the value of a:

1 : (a + 6) x + 6 y az 3 = 0
2 : 4 x + (a + 1) y z + 5 = 0

11. Find parametric equations of the plane through the points A(2,-1,1), B(4,1,5), C(1,2,2). Find the value of
k if point (0, k, -3) is in the plane.
12. Solve the following using matrices .

x - 5y + 2z = 27
3x + 2y - z = -5
4x - 3y + 5z = 42

Solutions
1. -8

2.

r r 1r
b =a+ c
3

3. 67.6N 56.7N

4. 169km/h N32W

8. (12, 1, 7)
6. a) 323 b)21 7. x=-3+8t, y=-2+6t, z=1-7t
11. =(1,2,2)+s(1,1,2)+t(-1,3,1) k=-3
12. (2,-3,5)

5. a)

3 35
7

b)

9. x-y+2z+7=0

7
6

c)
10. a=2