Effects of alcohol on health:

Parts of the body

Brain
Lungs
Liver
Bladder
Eyes
Mouth
Heart
Stomach
Kidneys
Feet

Effects

4.3 Fats and Their effects on health

Fats Organic compounds made up of _______________, _____________ and ______________.

Two types of fats:
a)
b)

Saturated Fats

Unsaturated Fats
Types of bond
Sources
State at room temperature
Melting point
Cholesterol content

4.4 THE OIL PALM AND ITS IMPORTANCE TO NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT

Parts of oil palm:

The oil palm fruit produces two types of oils:

(i) Palm oil

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- Extracted from _______________

- Most of the oil from the oil palm fruit is obtained from its __________________
(ii) Palm kernel oil
- Extracted from the ______________

Examples of palm oil products:

(i)
(ii)
(iii)

Process of palm oil extraction

Bunches of oil palm fruit

- Steam is used to kill microorganisms in the bunches of oil palm fruit

- The oil palm fruits are removed from the bunches

Digestion
- Steam is used to kill microorganisms in the bunches of oil palm fruit
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 - The oil palm fruits are digested, crushed and pounded at

high temperatures

- Palm oil is pressed hydraulically from the mesocarp of the oil palm
fruits

Palm oil purification

Solid impurities are filtered from the
crude palm oil
___________is
through filtered
4.6 Naturalpassed
Polymers

Palm kernel oil extraction

followed by _____________ and

palm oil to remove its ____________.

The colour of the odourless palm oil is

______________ to extract the oil

removed

The kernel are ground into small particles

- The crude palm kernel oil is

_______________.

using________________.

4.6 POLYMER

A polymer is a compound made up of a very __________ chained molecule formed by

many __________ molecules joined together in a long chain.
The small molecules are called _______________.
Two types of polymers are:
a)
b)

Polymer
Starch
Protein
Rubber
Polythene

Monomer

Polymerisation and depolymerisation

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_______________________ is the process of joining many small molecules (monomers )

together in long chain to form very large molecules (polymers)

_______________________ is the process of splitting a polymer into its monomers.

Natural polymers and synthetic polymers

Natural polymers are polymers that are obtained from ____________ or ____________.
Examples :
Synthetic polymers are ___________________ polymers.
Examples :

Type of polymer
Natural polymer

Synthetic polymer

Example
Carbohydrate
Cellulose
Starch
Natural rubber
Protein
Neoprene or synthetic rubber
Nylon 66
Perspex
Polystyrene
Polyvinyl chloride
Polythene

Monomer

Natural Rubber

Natural rubber is a type of natural polymer consisting of long chains of monomers.

It is obtained from a milky secretion known as ___________.
Characteristics of natural rubber

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1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

The action of acids on latex

Latex consists of long chains of molecules covered with a layer of protein that is

_______________ charged.
The negatively charged molecules will _________ each other.
This will prevent the rubber molecules from _____________________.
When an acid such as ethanoic acid or formic acid added, _________________ will occur.
How?
The positive charged ________________ ions of the acid will neutralise the

negative charges of the layer of ________________.

These neutralised latex compounds will knock into one another to break open
their layer of protein then join together to form __________________.

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The action of ammonia on latex

Latex can also coagulate without the addition of an acid but by the action of ____________ in

the latex.
When _______________ is added, the coagulation is prevented.

Vulcanisation of rubber

Vulcanisation- process of heating __________ and _______________ together to produce

_______________ rubber.

Uses of vulcanised rubber

Characteristics of vulcanised rubber

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