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Junior Inter Botany

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2 Marks Questions
1.

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Name a plant that has single fruit developing from the entire inflorescence.
What is such a fruit called?

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A: Pine apple / Jack fruit (any one)

Composite fruit
2.

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What is the type of fruit found in mango? How does it differ from that of
coconut?

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A: Drupe.

The mesocarp in mango is fleshy, juicy and edible whereas the mesocarp in
coconut is fibrous.
3.

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What is meant by pulvinous leaf base? In members of which angiospermic

family do you find them?

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A: Swollen leaf base which stores water is called pulvinous leaf base. It is found in
the family Leguminosae.

4.

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Define vivipary with an example.

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A: The germination of seed while still attached to the mother plant is called
vivipary.

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e.g.: Rhizophora (Mangrove).

5.

What is meant by heterospory? Mention the two types of spores developed in an

angiospermic plant.

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A: Production of two types of spores from a plant is termed as heterospory. The two
types of spores developed in angiosperms are microspores and megaspores.
6.

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Name the parts of pistil which develop into fruit and seeds.

A: Ovary develops in a fruit.

Ovules develop into seeds.

7.

What are the three cells found in the pollen grain when it is shed at the three
celled stage?

A: One vegetative cell and two male gametes.

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8.

Name the parts of an angiosperm flower in which development of male and

female gametophyte take place.

A: Male gametophyte develops in androecium (pollen grains-microspore).

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Female gametophyte develops in gynoecium (nucellus of ovule-megaspore).

9.

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Mention two strategies evolved to prevent self-pollination in flowers.

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A: Dichogamy, herkogamy, heterostyly, dicliny and self-sterility (any two).

10. What is meant by scutellum? In which type of seeds is it present?

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A: The single cotyledon present towards lateral side of the embryonal axis in a
monocot seed is called scutellum. It is found in the seeds of grass family
(monocot seeds).

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11. What is Natural system of plant classification? Name the scientists who
followed it.

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A: The system of plant classification which is based on all important morphological

characters is called Natural system of plant classification. Bentham and Hooker.

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12. What is geocarpy? Name the plant which exhibits this phenomenon.

A: The fruit which develops inside the soil is called geocarpy. Arachis hypogea.

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4 Marks Questions

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13. List the changes observed in angiosperm flower subsequent to pollination

and fertilisation.

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A: An angiosperm flower shows the following changes after pollination and

fertilization:

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Zygote develops into an embryo by cell division and differentiation.

The ovules develop into seeds.

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The ovary develops into a fruit.

The sepals, petals and stamens of the flower wither and fall off.
14. Distinguish between asexual and sexual reproduction. Why vegetative
reproduction is also considered as a type of asexual reproduction?

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A:

Sexual reproduction

Asexual reproduction

Generally the offsprings are One or two parents may be

involved in production of
produced by a single parent.
offsprings.
There is no fusion of gametes or Fusion of gametes (fertilization)
takes place.
fertilization.
It occurs in single celled or It occurs in relatively complex
organisms.
relatively simple organisms.
It is a simple process like binary It is an elaborate and slow
process.
fission and budding.
The offsprings are identical to The offsprings are not identical
to the parents or among
the parent.
themselves.
(Note: Write at least three differences)

As vegetative reproduction also does not involve formation of gametes and

fertilization it is also considered as a type of asexual reproduction.

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15. Discuss the various types of pollen tube entry into ovary with the help of
diagrams.

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A: The pollen tube travels through the style and enters the ovary. Different types of
pollen tube entry into the ovary are:

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Porogamy: The pollen tube enters the ovary through the micropyle.

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Chalazogamy: The pollen tube enters the ovary through the chalaza.

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Mesogamy: The pollen tube enters the ovary through the integuments.

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pollen
tube

pollen
pollen
tube
tube
A-Porogamy
B-Chalazogamy

C-Mesogamy

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16. Give economic importance of plants belonging to Fabaceae.
A.

Economic importance of plants belonging to Fabaceae: Plants like red gram

and black gram are used as pulses (good source of protein). Soyabean and ground
nut yield oil.

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Pods of beans, seeds of peas, leaves of Methi are used as vegetables and green
leaves.

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Timber is obtained from Indian rose wood (red sanders).

Blue dye is obtained from Indigofera tinctoria and yellow dye from Butea
monosperma.

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Derris or Pongamia is used in medicines.

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Phaseolus and other species are used as fodder. Sesbania and Tephrosia are
used as green manure.

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Writer: P. Uma Amareswari

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