Numerical Problem 1

Q1. A 25-mm-diameter shaft is pulled through a cylindrical bearing as shown in Fig. below.
The lubricant that fills the 0.3-mm gap between the shaft and bearing is an oil having a kinematic
viscosity of 8.0 / s and a specific gravity of 0.91.
Determine the force P required to pull the shaft at a velocity of 3 m/s. Assume the velocity
distribution in the gap is linear.

Q2. A pivot bearing used on the shaft of an electrical instrument is shown in Fig. below. An oil
with a viscosity of N fills the 0.025 mm gap between the rotating shaft and the stationary base.
Determine the frictional torque on the shaft when it rotates at 5,000 rpm.

Q3. Air is enclosed by a rigid cylinder containing a piston. A pressure gage attached to the
cylinder indicates an initial reading of 172 kPa. Determine the reading on the gage when the
piston has compressed the air to one-third its original volume. Assume the compression process
to be isothermal and the local atmospheric pressure to be 101.3 kPa.
Q4. Carbon dioxide at and 30c and 300 kPa absolute pressure expands isothermally to an
absolute pressure of 165 kPa. Determine the final density of the gas.
Q5. Natural gas at 21c and standard atmospheric pressure of 101.3 kPa. (abs) is compressed is
entropically to a new absolute pressure of 483 kPa. Determine the final density and temperature
of the gas.
Q6. When a fluid flows through a sharp bend, low pressures may develop in localized regions of
the bend. Estimate the minimum absolute pressure (in kPa) that can develop without causing
cavitation if the fluid is water at 70c.
Q7. Estimate the minimum absolute pressure (in Pascals) that can be developed at the inlet of a
pump to avoid cavitation if the fluid is carbon tetrachloride at 20c.
Q8. When water at 70c flows through a converging section of pipe, the pressure decreases in the
direction of flow. Estimate the minimum absolute pressure that can develop without causing
cavitation.
Q9. Small droplets of carbon tetrachloride at 20c are formed with a spray nozzle. If the average
diameter of the droplets is 200 m, what is the difference in pressure between the inside and
outside of the droplets?
Q10. As shown in Video V1.9, surface tension forces can be strong enough to allow a doubleedge steel razor blade to float on water, but a single-edge blade will sink. Assume that the
surface tension forces act at an angle relative to the water surface as shown
in Fig. P1.97.
(a) The mass of the double-edge blade is 0.64 Kg, and the total length of its sides is 206mm.
Determine the value of required to maintain equilibrium between the blade weight and the
resultant surface tension force.
(b) The mass of the single-edge blade is 2.61 Kg, and the total length of its sides is
Explain why this blade sinks. Support your answer with the necessary calculations.

154 mm.

Q11. Under the right conditions, it is possible, due to surface tension, to have metal objects float
on water. (See Video V1.9.) Consider placing a short length of a small diameter steel
(sp. wt. = 77 kN/) rod on a surface of water. What is the maximum diameter that the rod can
have before it will sink? Assume that the surface tension forces act vertically upward.
Note: A standard paper clip has a diameter of 0.09 cm. partially unfold a paper clip and see
if you can get it to float on water. Do the results of this experiment support your analysis?