SJ-5112 Perancangan Geometrik Jalan

Pendahuluan

Semester I /2010-2011

Sony Sulaksono Wibowo, Ph.D

Materi
o Prinsip Perancangan Geometrik Jalan Antar

Kota

o Geometrik Persimpangan dan Jalan Dalam Kota

Daftar Pustaka Wajib

o American Association of State Highway and

Transportation Officials (2001) A Policy on

Geometric Design of Highways and Streets,
Washington DC, ISBN 1-56051-156-7

Waktu dan Tempat

Penilaian
o Ujian Tengah Semester (UTS)
o Ujian Akhir Semester (UAS)
o Tugas Besar
o Kuis dan tugas-tugas kuliah
o Tidak ada ujian perbaikan, ujian khusus, atau tugas

tambahan yang bersifat menaikan nilai secara sepihak

Peraturan Perkuliahan dan Ujian

o Tidak merokok di dalam kelas

o Tidak melakukan kegiatan yang

mengganggu orang lain

o Selama di dalam kelas (kuliah dan ujian),

tidak diperkenankan menggunakan

telepon gengam dan alat komunikasi lain

o Perkuliahan adalah bentuk diskusi aktif

Kontak dan Diskusi

o Dapat dilakukan setiap saat dalam kuliah atau

dapat dilakukan secara terbatas selama jam kerja

yang ditetapkan oleh ITB.

o Alamat kontak:
KK Rekayasa Transportasi
Lantai 2 Labtek 1
Telp./Fax.: 022 2502350/2512395
Email: sonyssw@si.itb.ac.id
YM id: sonyssw
Facebook: Sony S Wibowo

Geometrik Jalan

Table of Contents
o Introduction

History of Road

Standards and Regulations

Highway Function

o Design Control and Criteria

Highway Design Components
Design Vehicle, Driver Characteristics, and Speed

Traffic Characteristics, Highway Capacity, and Level of

Service

Environmental Issues and Energy Concern

Safety and Cost Consideration

Table of Contents
o Element of Design

Sight Distance

Horizontal Alignment

Vertical Alignment

Cross Section

o Safety Issues on Geometric Design

o Road Location
o Urban Road and Interchange

Introduction:
History of Road

History of Road
o 4000 BC defined pathways used to travel and

transport goods

Already using higher ground for transport to reduce

flooding of track

o 3000 BC wheel invented

Using carts and wagons

Vehicle widths of 2 m and gauge of 1.4m

o 2000 BC road builders began

Considering width, grades, materials, curves

Rock proved a durable road surface

History of Road
o 312 BC Appian Way was built

The most important ancient Roman road

Called as "the queen road

It connected Rome to Brindisi, Apulia in southeast Italy 50 km long, good materials and drainage

o 16th century the term of road began

appear from verb ride

o 1585 Guido Toglietta, an Italian engineer published

ideas on the use of small broken stone to construct

new roads

Via Appian Map

Via Appian Road

Pompeii Street

Pompeii City was vanished on 79 AD

History of Road
o Modern road construction began in the late

Eighteenth Century

1764 paving rocks and small stones (France)

1820 Telford made improvements in design with

drainage

1822 McAdam better compaction of subgrade and

binded surface

1854 Hooley adapted McAdams technique to use tar

as sealant (hence be named as Tarmac)

History of Road

History of Road
o 1908 Long Island Motor Parkway 10 km long

and used superelevation

o Dual carriage way terminology originated from

the use of horse drawn carriages

Driving on left hand side of road vehicles with one

line of horses driver used right hand for reins and
whip favored passing on left (England)

Driving on right hand side more than one line of

horses driver driver tended to sit to left firearm
used favored moving to right also gave forward
vision

History of Road
o Car speeds rarely exceeded 15 km/hr

15-25 m of radius curves were ok

o By 1900 a minimum of 50 m radius required

o Native asphalt was naturally occuring
o Todays Roads are design by

Safety

Cost
Efficiency

Driver behavior
Environment impacts

Pantura

Road Planning in Indonesia

Jalan dan Jembatan Kelok Sembilan, Payakumbuh

Toll Road

Introduction:

Standards and Regulations

Regulations for Indonesia Roads

UU No. 13/1980 tentang Jalan

o UU No. 38/2004 tentang Jalan

o PP No. 34/2006 tentang Jalan
o PerMen PU tentang Persyaratan Teknis Jalan

(direncanakan terbit tahun 2009)

Norma, Standar, Pedoman, Manual

o Norma (N) aturan normatif dan bersifat

kualitatif

o Standar (S) aspek normatif yang dibuat secara

kuantitatif dan dispesifikasi besarannya

o Pedoman (P) mengatur mekanisme

implementasi

o Manual (M) step-by-step yang cukup detail

'Standar' Perencanaan
o Spesifikasi Standar untuk Perencanaan

Geometrik Jalan Luar Kota (Rancangan Akhir),

Desember 1990

o Tata Cara Perencanaan Geometrik Jalan Antar

Kota, No. 038/TBM/1997, September 1997

Recently, no NSPM exist !!

American Standards
for Geometric Design
o 1940 - Policy on Highway Types (Geometric)
o 1941, 1945 - A Policy on Design Standards
o 1954 - A Policy on Geometric Design of Rural

Highways

o 1965 - A Policy on Geometric Design of Rural

Highways

o 1973 - A Policy on Design of Urban Highways

and Arterial Streets

o 1984 - A Policy on Geometric Design of

Highways and Streets

American Standards
for Geometric Design

o 1990 - A Policy on Geometric Design of

Highways and Streets

o 1994 - A Policy on Geometric Design of

Highways and Streets

o 2001 - A Policy on Geometric Design of

Highways and Streets

o 2004 - A Policy on Geometric Design of

Highways and Streets

Other Standards
(sometimes used in Indonesia)

o British Standard

http://www.bsi-global.com/en/Standards-and-Publications/

o Japan Road Standard

http://www.mlit.go.jp/road/road_e/contents.html

o Australian Standard (AUSTROADS)

http://www.austroads.com.au/

Queensland: http://www.mainroads.qld.gov.au

New Zealand Standard:

http://www.transit.govt.nz/technical_information/index.js
p

Introduction:
Highway Function

Highway Function
Hierarchy of Movements
Mobility & Accessibility
Mobility: The ability to
move goods and passengers
to their destination (in a
reasonable time)
Accessibility: the ability to
reach desired destination,

Highway Function
o The first step in the design process is to define the

function that the facility is to serve.

o The level of service required to fulfill this

function for the anticipated volume and

composition of traffic provides a rational and
cost-effective basis for the selection of design
speed and geometric criteria within the range of
values available to the designer (for the specified
functional classification).

Highway Function
Arterials
Higher degrees of
Mobility
Low degree of
access

Collectors
Balance between
Arterials and
Collectors

Locals
Lower degrees of
mobility
High degree of
access

The use of
functional
classification as a
design type
should
appropriately
integrate the
highway planning
and design
process.

Highway Function
Functional
System
Arterial

Collector

Local

Services Provided
Provides the highest level of service at the greatest
speed for the longest uninterrupted distance, with
some degree of access control.
Provides a less highly developed level of service at a
lower speed for shorter distances by collecting traffic
from local roads and connecting them with arterials.
Consists of all roads not defined as arterials or
collectors; primarily provides access to land with
little or no through movement.

Highway Function US System

Blue lines Interstate Highway

Red lines State Highway

National Highway System (United States)

Highway Function US System

Representative freeway
I476/U.S Rt. 1 Interchange, Montgomery County, PA)

Representative urban arterial

(Windsor, CT)

Highway Function US System

Representative rural arterial

(Taconic State Parkway, NY)

Representative Collectors and Local

(Rt. 58, CT)

Highway Function US System

Representative collector in a residential area

(Greenbelt, MD)

Representative collector in a urban area

(Lambertville, NJ)

Highway Function US System

Representative collector in a rural area

(Easton, CT)

Representative local street

(Montgomery Co., MD)

Highway Function why?

What will happen if

your design speed
is 50 km/hr
for this highway?

or 110 km/hr
for this?

Highway Function Indonesia

o UU no. 38/2004:

Jalan Khusus

Jalan Umum

Sistem Jaringan Primer dan Sekunder

Fungsi Arteri, Kolektor, Lokal, dan Lingkungan

Status Nasional, Provinsi, Kabupaten/Kota, dan Desa

Kelas Bebas Hambatan, Jalan Raya, Jalan Sedang, dan

Jalan Kecil

Pertimbangan Dalam Penetapan Fungsi dan Status

Jalan

Prinsip Klasifikasi Fungsi Jalan

LALULINTAS
UTAMA

JALAN ARTERI

PERAN MOBILITAS

DISTRIBUSI

KOLEKSI

JALAN LOKAL

JALAN KOLEKTOR

TRANSISI

PERAN AKSESIBILITAS

AKSES

Pentingnya Penentuan Fungsi Jalan

o Keselamatan

Pemanfaatan jalan sesuai dengan klasifikasi fungsi jalan,

memberikan kemudahan dalam pengelolaan keselamatan jalan

o Ekonomi

Investasi prasarana jalan

optimalkan investasi jalan secara tepat guna

Lalu lintas

kelancaran dalam distribusi barang yang mendukung pertumbuhan

ekonomi

o Stabilitas dan sosial

Penyediaan mobilitas dan aksesibilitas jalan yang merata ke

seluruh wilayah akan memberikan dampak positif bagi stabilitas
dan pemerataan sosial

Payung Hukum Jalan

UU No. 13/1980 tentang Jalan

PP No.26/1985 tentang Jalan

o UU No. 38/2004 tentang Jalan

PP No. 34/2006 tentang Jalan

PerMen PU tentang Persyaratan Teknis Jalan (direncanakan

terbit tahun 2009)

PP No. 15/2005 tentang Jalan Tol

Klasifikasi Jalan di Indonesia

Pasal 6 - 10 UU No. 38/2004 tentang Jalan

o Jalan Umum

Diperuntukkan bagi lalulintas umum (termasuk jalan tol)

o Jalan Khusus

Tidak diperuntukkan bagi lalu lintas umum, dalam rangka

distribusi barang dan jasa yang dibutuhkan secara khusus

jalan di dalam kawasan pelabuhan

jalan kehutanan

jalan perkebunan

jalan inspeksi pengairan

jalan di kawasan industri, dan

jalan di kawasan permukiman yang belum diserahkan kepada

pemerintah

Klasifikasi Jalan di Indonesia

Pasal 6 - 10 UU No. 38/2004 tentang Jalan

o Jalan umum dikelompokkan menurut:

SISTEM JARINGAN, yang terdiri atas:

Sistem jaringan jalan primer (antar kota)

Sistem jaringan jalan sekunder (kawasan perkotaan)

FUNGSI JALAN, yang dikelompokkan menjadi:

Jalan arteri

Jalan kolektor

Jalan lokal

Jalan lingkungan

Klasifikasi Jalan di Indonesia

Pasal 6 - 10 UU No. 38/2004 tentang Jalan
o Jalan umum dikelompokkan.. lanjutan:

STATUS JALAN, yang dikelompokkan menjadi:

Jalan Nasional

Jalan Provinsi

Jalan Kabupaten

Jalan Kota

Jalan Desa

KELAS JALAN, yang dikelompokan menjadi:

jalan bebas hambatan

jalan raya

jalan sedang

jalan kecil

Klasifikasi Jalan di Indonesia

Pasal 7 dan 8 UU No. 38/2004 tentang Jalan

Klasifikasi Jalan di Indonesia

Pasal 9 dan 10 UU No. 38/2004 tentang Jalan

Kriteria Teknis Jalan Primer

Pasal 13 dan 16 UU No. 38/2004 tentang Jalan

Kriteria Teknis Jalan Sekunder

Pasal 17 dan 20 UU No. 38/2004 tentang Jalan

Hirarki Fungsi Jalan

Pada Sistem Jaringan Jalan Primer

Keterangan:
PKN
: Pusat Kegiatan Nasional
PKW
: Pusat Kegiatan Wilayah
PKL
: Pusat Kegiatan Lokal
PKLing : Pusat Kegiatan Lingkungan

Pasal 10 PP No. 34/2006 tentang Jalan

Sistem Jaringan Jalan Primer

UU 38/2004 dan PP 34/2006

Hirarki Fungsi Jalan

Pada Sistem Jaringan Jalan Sekunder

Pasal 11 PP No. 34/2006 tentang Jalan

Sistem Jaringan Jalan Sekunder

UU 38/2004 dan PP 34/2006

Penampang Jalan

Penjelasan Pasal 33 PP No. 34/2006 tentang Jalan

Selesai