John Otts

Sourced from:
E. P Alexander
Civil War Railroads & Models
E. P. Alexander
Iron Horses: American Locomotives 18291900
Reed Kinnert
Early American Steam Locomotives
John H. White
American Locomotives:
An Engineering History: 18301880
Boston Athenaeum Digital Collection
and other web sources

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Amoskeag_1853_Amoskeag
Inside-connected. Only the boiler has
a Russia Iron jacket, not the firebox.
Several other engines in this collection have this feature.
The Amoskeag Locomotive Works in
Manchester, NH, built locomotives
from 1848 until the company was
bought by the Manchester Locomotive Works in 1859.

Amoskeag_1854_Saturn
Inside-connected. No steam domes

Amoskeag_1858

Manchester Locomotive Works bought the Amoskeag Works in 1859. Look how similar the engine below is to the engine above.

Manchester_1859_Pioneer

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Baldwin_1850_Armstrong

Built for the Pennsylvania RR. Bury boiler.

Baldwin_1854_Belle
Built for the Pennsylvania RR.
Soon after the Civil War, the Baldwin
Locomotive Works, of Philadelphia,
took over the leading spot in the
industry from Rogers, and kept it for
the rest of the century.

Baldwin_ mid 1850s

Baldwin_1856_Tiger

This Pennsylvania RR loco was famous for being state of

the art when it was built_ it was also comparitively big.

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Baldwin_1871
Compare these three with the earlier
Baldwins. Bigger boilers meant bigger
fireboxes, and that meant increased
driver spacing.

Baldwin_1872_Reno

Famous V&T engine. Genoa, 1873, and

Inyo, 1875, were built to the same plan.
Scale was printed with the drawing.

Baldwin_1876_Exposition engine
Built for the CRRofNJ, displayed
at the Philadelphia Centennial
Exhibition.

New Jersey RR Shops_1860s_#44

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page 4

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Boston_1846

Founded by important early locomotive designer Holmes Hinkley, Boston Locomotive

Works became Hinkley & Williams in 1859
and Hinkley Locomotive Works in 1872.
Here is a sequence showing the evolution of
their 4-4-0s over 30 years.
Early Hinkleys were inside-connected locomotives, sold without cabs, headlamps, or
cowcatchers.

Boston_1849_Massachusetts
Another inside-connected locomotive without cab or headlamp, or cowcatcher. Notice
the brooms on the pilot.
Scale was printed with the drawing.

Boston_1852_Norwalk
For the Toledo, Norwalk, and Cleveland RR.
Inside-connected, 2 safety valves.

Boston_1854

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Boston_1856_Rapid

For Chicago, St. Paul, & Fon du Lac RR.

Boston_1850s_Boston
No sand box. The clean lines of this and
the following engine look almost British.

Boston_1858_Fashion

Hinkley_1864
Built for the Peninsular RR of Wisconsin.
Boston Locomotive Works became
Hinkley & Williams in 1859.

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Hinkley_late 1860s

Hinkley_early 1870s
Like the other 1870s engines, has a
bigger boiler and firebox.

Danforth_1853_Governor Williamson
Danforth, Cooke, & Co. was founded in
Paterson, NJ, in 1852. The company changed
names to Danforth Locomotive & Machine Co.
in 1865 and Cooke Locomotive Works in 1882.

Danforth_1855_Cataract City

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Danforth_1856_Texas
This is the Western & Atlantic RR Texas.

Danforth_1857_Southport
Used on the 6 gauge Delaware,
Lackawanna & Western RR.
Scale was printed with the drawing.

Danforth_1857_Southport

Danforth_1870s

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Globe_1853_Elephant
First locomotive in California.

Scale was printed with the drawing.

Globe_1853_Washington
Globe was a Boston works founded
by important locomotive designer John Souther. He produced
very conservative, old-fashioned,
inside-connected engines from
18481864.

Globe_1854_Express

Illinois Central Shops_1866

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page 9

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Lancaster_1857_Breckinridge
For the Philadelphia & Columbia RR
(later part of the Pensylvania RR).
The company was founded by locomotive builder John Brandt in Lancaster,
PA, and lasted from 18551861.

Lawrence_1852_Irvington
Built for the Hudson River RR, to the
railroads specifications.
The date given is questionable. This
engine has a lot of features of mid- to
late-1850s engines.
The Lawrence Machine Shop in Lawrence, Massachusetts, built locomotives
from 1852 to 1857.

Lawrence_1853_Lawrence

Lawrence_1850s_Abbot Lawrence

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page 10

Latham_1854_Competitor
Inside-connected locomotive.

Small builder in White River Jct., Vermont.

Lowell_1852_Columbia
Built for the Hudson River RR. 80
driving wheels. It was meant to be a
fast runner.
Scale was printed with the drawing.
Lowell Machine Shops built engines from
18451854.

Lowell_1852_Columbia

Lowell_1852_Mercury

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Mason_1853-4_Enterprise
William Mason was known for making
elegantly designed, well-built engines
with cutting edge technology. He was the
Steve Jobs of locomotive builders.
He didnt quite start out that way, though.
Look at the mismatched proportions
on these domes, the big step in the
boiler, the belt rail, and the towering
smokestack.
Mason built locomotives from 1853
1890.

Mason_1855

Mason_1856_Amazon

Mason_1856_B&0 #25

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Mason_1857_Phantom
Built for the Toledo & Illinois RR.
Scale was printed with the drawing.

Mason_1857_Phantom

Mason_early 1870s
Bigger boiler and firebox.

Millholland_1859_Hiawatha
Built for the Philadelphia & Reading
RR by important early locomotive
designer James Millholland.
Notice the round cab made of iron
and the long, slanting firebox that
extended almost to the rear of the
frame. This was an early coal burner.
Scale was printed with the drawing.

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Moore & Richardson_1856_Nat Wright
Also known as the Cincinnati Locomotive
Works. Built engines between 18541857.

Moore & Richardson_1859_Quigley

For the Louisville & Nashville RR.

Murray & Hazlehurst_1854_B&0 #207

Compare this engine to the 1853 Norris B&O engine on p. 17.

Built by a small Baltimore manufacturer.

Niles _1857_Queen City

The Niles brothers built locomotives in
Cincinnati from 18521859.

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page 14

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New Jersey_1855_NY&E #210
New York & Erie RR 6- gauge locomotive.
60 drivers. Drawing scaled from
the drivers. Like Rogers and Baldwin, the
New Jersey works preferred two steam
domes.
New Jersey Locomotive & Machine
Works of Paterson, NJ, built engines from
18451863, then sold out to Grant.

New Jersey_1857_Talisman
New York & Erie RR 6- gauge locomotive.
Scale was printed with the drawing.

New Jersey_1860_William Crooks

First locomotive in Minnesota.

Grant_1873
Took over the New Jersey Locomotive
Works in 1863.

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New Castle_1852_Philadelphia
For the Philadelphia, Wilmington, & Baltimore
RR. Bury boiler.

New Castle_1854_America
For the Philadelphia, Wilmington, & Baltimore
RR. Bury boiler.
The New Castle Machine Works in New
Castle, Delaware, built locomotives from
the 1830s to 1857. Design was about a
decade out of date.

New York_1854_Superior
Built for the Hudson River RR.
78 drivers. Scaled from the drivers.

The New York Locomotive Works of Jersey City, NJ, was also known as Breese,
Kneeland & Co. Like many other small
locomotive shops, it closed after the Panic
of 1857.

New York_1860_Jersey City

Norris_1850_Copiapo
Standard Norris engine for the period. Exported and preserved in Chile. Bury boiler,
square sandbox, and slant cylinders.
Scale was printed with the drawing.
The Norris Locomotive Works in Philadelphia, run by the 6 Norris brothers, was an
important pioneer builder and thrived up to
the time of the Civil War. The works experienced a precipitous fall-off in business and
closed in 1866.

Norris_1853_B&O #201
Inside-connected. Compare this engine
to the 1854 Murray & Hazelhurst B&O
engine on p. 14.

Norris_1854_Auburn
For the Philadelphia & Reading RR..

Norris_1850s

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Portland_1851_State of Maine
Inside-connected locomotive for the
Atlantic & St. Lawrence RR.
The Portland Company was founded by
one of the Norris brothers (Septimus) in
1846.

Portland_1852_Forest State
Another inside-connected locomotive.

Portland_1854

Portland_1856_Minnehaha

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Rogers_1848_Yonah
Western & Atlantic RR. Bury boiler.

Rogers_1852_New Jersey
Two steam domes, wagon-top boiler, no
sandbox, flat cylinders, and wide-spaced
pilot wheels.
It was the Rogers Locomotive Works in
Paterson, NJ, not Baldwin, that was the
pre-eminent American locomotive builder
in the middle of the 19th century. Rogers
designs were very advanced and widely
copied by the end of the 1850s.
Note the octagonal dome bases and the
fluted dome covers on the later Rogers
engines. Rogers preferred to build engines
with two steam domes until after the Civil
War.

Rogers_1850s_Paterson
Similar to the engine above with
the addition of a sandbox and the
absense of a belt frame.
Scale was printed with the drawing.

Rogers_1855_General
Western & Atlantic RR.

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Rogers_1860_Thomas Rogers
Scale was printed with the drawing.

Rogers_1860_Thomas_Rogers

Rogers_1865
Scale was printed with the drawing.

Rogers_1869_Union Pacific #119

At Golden Spike ceremony. Straight-stacked, extendedsmokebox coal-burning freight engine.
Scale was printed with the drawing.

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Schenectady_1868_Jupiter

At Golden Spike ceremony.

Scale was printed with the drawing.

Schenectady Locomotive Works in Schenectady, NY, was founded in 1851.

Taunton_1849_Champlain
Built for the Hudson River RR.
Taunton was another conservative New
England locomotive builder who made
inside-connected locomotives with small
boilers and fireboxes from 1847 through
the 1850s. They built along more modern
lines until 1889.

Taunton_1849_Champlain
Scale was printed with the drawing.

Taunton_1850s_General_Stark
This is the most Baroque locomotive in
the collection. Notice the little nitches with
carved figures in the corners of the cab.
Apparently it had English-style sandboxes
in the splashers.

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Tredegar_1856_Alleghany
For the Virginia Central RR.
Everything about this Alexander drawing came
out wrong when scaled from his Civil War
book. The engine was way too long, way too
tall, and the cab was huge.
Its much more typical here, scaled with 5
drivers instead of 6. Personally, I think the
paste-up artists for old E.P.Hs book goofed
and scaled his drawing wrong.
Tredegar Iron Works built locomotives in Richmond, Virginia, from 1850 until the Civil War.

Tyson_1858_B&O #188
Built by important early locomotive designer
Henry Tyson at the Baltimore & Ohio shops.

Union_1852_Atalanta

For the Pennsylvania RR.

Scale was printed with the drawing.

Union_1856_Troy
The Union Works, founded in South
Boston by Seth Wilmarth, built mostly
conservative inside-connected engines
from 18411854.

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Virginia_1856_Virginia
Small builder in Alexandria, Virginia.

Winans_1848_Juno
Built for the B&O. Bury boiler. Very small engine.

Ross Winans built locomotives in Baltimore, MD, from 18371860.

Winans_1856_Juno, as rebuilt.
Scale was printed with the drawings.

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Hinkley 1870

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Masons 1867 Highland Light

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Lawrence_1853_Lawrence