EP320 Process Instrumentation &

Instrumental Analysis

LMS Access code: BJWN-SDAX

Semester: Jan-Apr 2016
Time: Mon: 2.00pm-3.30pm;
Wed: 2.00pm-3.30pm
Location: K206

EP320 Process Instrumentation & Instrumental Analysis

Type of Assessment

Written tests
Group Project

Assessment Methods Percentage (%)

Mid-term
Test
Final exam
Assignment

20
20
50
10

The course has four assessment components as described above.

Mid-term : It will be conducted between weeks 5-6 of the semester. The test will
consist of 3 to 6 questions. The duration of test will be 1 hour.
Test : It will be conducted between weeks 10-11 of the semester. The midterm exam
will consist of 3 to 6 questions. The duration of the mid-term exam will be 1 hour.
Group Project: Student will be assigned in group to design the P&ID diagram of
selected small scale process industries, with the justification of control system,
measurement instruments and valves selection,
Final Exam: It will consist of 6 questions. Students must answer 5 of the 6
questions. The duration of the final exam will be 3 hours.

EP320 Process Instrumentation & Instrumental Analysis

Teaching Plan
Week# Date
1
6-Jan
2
11-Jan
2
3
3

13-Jan
18-Jan
20-Jan

4
5
6

27-Jan
3-Feb
10-Feb

7
7

15-Feb
17-Feb

Day
Wed
Mon

Topic
Introduction: Basic Concepts in Instrumentation
Classification of Instruments: Null Instrument,
Deflection Instrument, Analog and Digital Types
Wed Static performance characteristic of instrument
Mon Dynamic characteristics of instrument
Wed Process Control: Basic Component of Control
System
Mon Process and Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID)
Wed PID: Methodology and Symbols
Wed Design and Evaluation of P&ID of Different
Applications in Industries
Mon Midterm
Wed Design and Evaluation of P&ID of Different
Applications in Industries

EP320 Process Instrumentation & Instrumental Analysis

Teaching Plan
Week#
8

Date
22-Feb

8
9

24-Feb
29-Feb

3-Mar

10

7-Mar

10

9-Mar

11

14-Mar

Day
Mon

Topic
Temperature Measurement: Temperature Scales,
Units, Standards and Calibration; Heat Transfer
Systems in Thermal Measuring Systems;
Wed Temperature Measuring Methods: Non-electrical
Mon Temperature Measuring Methods:, Electrical,
Radiation;
Wed Temperature Measurement: Principles,
Application and Selection of Each Temperature
Instrument.
Mon Pressure Measurement: Pressure Scales and Units;
High, Moderate and Low Pressure (Vacuum)
Measuring Instruments & Their Principles;
Wed Pressure Measurement: Dynamics Pressure
Sensors; Principles, Application and Selection of
Each Pressure Instrument.
Mon Test

EP320 Process Instrumentation & Instrumental Analysis

Teaching Plan
Week#
11

12

12
13
13

Date
Day Topic
16-Mar Wed Flow Measurement: Flow Scales and Units;
Classification: Positive Displacement Meters, Rate
Meters, Head Meters, Area Meters;
21-Mar Mon Flow Measurement: Special Methods:
Electromagnetic, Ultrasonic, Vortex Shedding,
Thermal Mass Flow Sensors, Coriolis Effect Mass;
23-Mar Wed Flow Measurement: Application and Selection of
Each Flow Instrument, Valves.
28-Mar Mon Level Measurement: Classification:
30-Mar Wed Level Measurement: Direct and Indirect
Measurements; Displacer, Float, Pressure Gauges,
Balance Method, Ultrasonic, Nucleonic Methods.

The End

EP320 Process Instrumentation & Instrumental Analysis

Guest Talk
from Industry

Mr. Christopher Ng
Yokogawa Electric (M) Sdn Bhd
No.9, Jalan Industri PBP3, Taman Industri
Pusat Bandar Puchong, 47100 Puchong,
Selangor, Malaysia

EP320 Process Instrumentation & Instrumental Analysis

Course Learning Outcome (CLO)
At the end of this course, students should be able to:
CLO 1: Apply principles of instrumentation in chemical industries.
CLO 2: Design the piping and instrumentation diagram (P&ID) for
processes in chemical plant.
CLO 3: Compare types of instrument in terms of temperature,
pressure, flow and level measurement, respectively.
CLO 4: Evaluate different measurement techniques for temperature,
pressure, flow and level.
CLO 5: Propose suitable measurement instruments based on the
process needs.

INTRODUCTION TO
INSTRUMENTS AND
THEIR
REPRESENTATION

Outline
1. Introduction
2. Application Of Instruments
3. Functional Element
4. Classification of instruments
5. Microprocessor- based instrumentation
6. Standard & calibration

INTRODUCTION
Instrumentation

is the science of automated

measurement and control.
Instruments are man-made devices that measure the
parameter of physical variables.
Highly useful and cost effective as it contribute to:

Evolving better quality control

Higher plant utilization
Better man power productivity
Material and energy saving
Speedier and accurate data reductions

INTRODUCTION
There have been significant developments in the

field of instrumentation.
It encompasses the area of detection, acquisition,
control and analysis of data.
Instrumentation is indispensable.
Instrumentation is very vital to modern industries
Instrument system act as extension on human sense
and quite often facilitate retrieval of information
from complex situation.

APPLICATION OF INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS

Common motivating factor for carrying the

measurement are:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.

vii.
viii.

Measurement of system parameters information

Control of certain process/operation
Simulation of system condition
Experimental design studies
To perform various manipulation
Testing of materials/maintenance the standard and
specification of the product
Verification of physical phenomena/scientific theories
Quality control in industries

Typical application

Military & Aerospace

Environmental Eng.

Heavy Construction Eng.

Data communication

Medical & biological systems Automobile & consumer market

Weather data
measurement
Laboratory test and
scientific studies

Measurement (Fundamental)
14

If we cant measure something, it is really pointless to try to

control it.
This something usually takes one of the following forms in
industry:
Fluid pressure
Fluid flow rate
The temperature of an object
Fluid volume stored in a vessel
Chemical concentration
Machine position, motion, or acceleration
Physical dimension(s) of an object
Count (inventory) of objects
Electrical voltage, current, or resistance

FUNCTIONAL ELEMENT

Functional element

Transducer
basic

Signal
conditioning
Data
presentation
Calibration
External power

Auxiliary
Feedback
Microprocessor

Those that form the

integral parts of all
instruments

Those which may be

incorporated in a
particular system
depending on the
type of requirement,
the nature of
measurement
technique etc.

Basic Functional Elements

Transducer element
Element that sense & convert the desired input to a more
convenient and practicable form to be handle by the
measurement systems
Signal conditioning/ intermediate modifying

element

For manipulating /processing the output of the transducer in

a suitable form

Data presentation element

For giving the information about the measurand and
measured variable in quantitative form

Auxiliary Functional Elements

Calibration element

To provide a built in calibration facility

External power element

To facilitate the working of one/ more or the element like the

transducer element, the signal conditioning element, the data
processing element or the feedback element

Feedback element

To control the variation of the physical quantity that is being

measured. It provided in the null-seeking
potentiometric/Wheatstone bridge devices to make them automatic
and self balancing

Microprocessor element

To facilitate the manipulation of data for the purpose of

simplifying/ accelerating the data interpretation. Always used in
conjunctions with analog-to-digital converter which is
incorporated in the signal conditioning element

Example of Identification of Functional Elements in

Instruments: Bourdon tube pressure gauge
The pressure applied to the hollow oval-shaped bent tube

(Bourdon tube), deforms the cross section of the tube as well

as causes a relative motion, proportional to the applied
pressure, of free end of the tube with respect to its fixed end.
This tube act as transducer element as it convert the desire
input into a displacement x at its free end.
This displacement is amplified by the combined lever and the
gearing arrangement which may be referred to as the signal
conditioning elements.
Finally, the movement of the pointer attached to the gear on a
scale gives an indication of the pressure. Thus pointer and
scale constitute the data presentation elements.

(b)

(a) Bourdon tube pressure gauge (b) Functional elements of the Bourdon tube pressure gauge

Classroom activities I
1. State FIVE applications of instrument systems.
2. Briefly describe the functional elements of a measurement
system.
3. Indicate the basic and auxiliary functional elements of
Bourdon tube pressure gauge (Figure Q3) in the form of block
diagrams.

Figure Q3

4. Indicate whether the following statements are true or false. If

false, rewrite the correct statement.
i). Measurements involve the gathering of information from the
physical world and comparison of the same with the agreed standards.
ii). Instrument engineering is the systematic design of a reliable and
cost-effective measuring system which conforms to the requirements
of a measurement situation.
iii). Instrument engineering is the systematic design of a reliable and
cost-effective measuring system which conforms to the requirements
of a measurement situation.
iv). Bourdon pressure gauge transduces the pressure signal into a
large displacement which can be directly read on a measuring scale.
v). Measurement systems seldom provide exact information about the
measurand.