Professional Documents
Culture Documents
MaintenanceofRoadsinPakistan
NHAsPerspective
BY
Engr.Tabjeel Ashraf
P.E.,BSc.(CivilEngg),MSc (CivilEngg),MPM
MPEC,MPMI,MIEP,MASCE
Presentedat
InstitutionofEngineersPakistan(IEP)
Islamabad
3/17/2012
ROAD NETWORK OF
PAKISTAN AND ITS
IMPORTANCE
URALSK
KAZAKHSTAN
UKRAINE
GURYEV
DZHURALY
ARAL SEA
SHEVCHENKO
BLACK
SEA
GEORGIA
AZARBIJAN
KYRGYZSTAN
C H I N A
UZBEKISTAN
TAJIKISTAN
TURKMENISTAN
JAMMU
&
KASHMIR
DISPUTED
TERRITORY
TURKEY
I R A N
I N D I A
ARABIAN
SEA
3/17/2012
UNIT
1947
2010
TOTAL ROADS
KM
50,367
260,000
REGD VEHICLES
NO
30,577
5,000,000
REGD TRUCKS/TRAILERS NO
800
184,000
KM
NIL
11,485
ROAD DENSITY
KM/KM
0.06
0.32
+
+
3.50
3.07
ROAD DENSITY
COMPARISON
0.23
0.20
0.17
0.15
0.08
Malaysia
Indonesia
China
Argentina
0.50
Brazil
0.65
USA
0.32
0.68
1.00
India
1.00
Spain
1.04
1.50
Italy
1.70
Hungary
1.62
1.72
2.00
France
2.50
Pakistan
Pakistan
UK
0.00
Japan
3.00
Countries
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MODAL SHARE
PAKISTAN TRANSPORTATION MODE
100
95% 90%
70
60
% 50
40
30
20
10
Passenger Traffic
80
Freight Traffic
90
5%
8%
0% 2%
ROAD
ROAD
RAIL
RAIL
AIR
IMPORTANCE OF
MAINTENANCE OF ROADS
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Maintenance
- Fuel Consumption
- Oil Consumption
- Tyres Wear & Tear
- Parts Replacement
- Vehicle
Depreciation
- Travel Time
- Accidents
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SOME CHALLENGES
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19
10
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21
22
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Pavements
Definition
y ThestructureofroadWhichactuallycarriesthe
trafficloadsiscalledPavement.
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PavementPurpose;ABroadDefinition
y Loadsupport
y Smoothness
y Drainage
PavementPerformance
y FunctionalPerformance
y ProvidingUsersasafeandcomfortableRide
y Consistsof
RideQuality
SurfaceFriction
Otherfactors(Noise,Geometricsetc)
y StructuralPerformance
y Abilitytowithstandtrafficandenvironmentalloadings
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PavementTypes
y FlexiblePavement
y Bituminouspavements
y Called"flexible"sincethetotalpavementstructure
bends(orflexes)toaccommodatetrafficloads
y RigidPavement
y Portlandcementconcrete(PCC)pavements
y CalledrigidsincePCCshighmodulusofelasticity
doesnotallowthemtoflexappreciably
y CompositePavements
y Portlandcementconcrete(PCC)overHMApavements
y HMAOverPCCPavements
FlexiblePavement
y Structure
y Surfacecourse
y Basecourse
y Subbasecourse
y Subgrade
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TypesofFlexiblePavement
Dense-graded
Open-graded
Gap-graded
FlexiblePavement Construction
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FlexiblePavementTypes
y FlexiblePavement
HotMixAsphaltSurface
9 WithGranularUnboundBase
9 WithStabilised (Bound)Base
9 FullDepthHMA
BituminousSurfaceTreatment
9 WithGranularBase
SingleSurfaceTreatment
DoubleSurfaceTreatment
TripleSurfaceTreatment
RigidPavement
y Structure
y Surfacecourse
y Basecourse
y Subbasecourse
y Subgrade
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TypesofRigidPavement
y JointedPlainConcretePavement(JPCP)
TypesofRigidPavement
y JointedReinforcedConcretePavement(JRCP)
SteelMesh0.1to2.0%ofCrosssectionalArea
JointSpacing7.5to30m
SlabThickness:150to400mm
Granularstabilizedbase
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TypesofRigidPavement
y ContinuouslyReinforcedConcretePavement(CRCP)
DesignParameters
y Subgrade
y Loads
y Environment
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MaintenanceAlternatives
y RoutineMaintenance
y Resurfacing
y Recycling
y Restoration
y Reconstruction
TypesofDistressesinFlexible
Pavements
A.Cracking
1.FatigueCracking
2.BlockCracking
3.EdgeCracking
4.LongitudinalCracking
5.ReflectionCrackingatJoints
6.TransverseCracking
B.PatchingandPotholes
7.PatchDeterioration
8.Potholes
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TypesofDistressesinFlexible
Pavements
C.SurfaceDeformation
9.Rutting
10.Shoving
D.SurfaceDefects
11.Bleeding
12.PolishedAggregate
13.Raveling
E.MiscellaneousDistresses
14.LanetoShoulderDropoff
15.WaterBleedingandPumping
FATIGUE CRACKING
y Occursinareassubjectedtorepeated
trafficloadings(wheelpaths).
y Canbeaseriesofinterconnectedcracksin
earlystagesofdevelopment.
y Developsintomanysided,sharpangled
pieces,usuallylessthan0.3meters(m)on
thelongestside,characteristicallywitha
chickenwire/alligatorpattern,inlater
stages.
y Musthaveaquantifiablearea.
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FATIGUE CRACKING
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BLOCK CRACKING
y Apatternofcracksthatdividesthe
Pavementintoapproximatelyrectangular
pieces.
y Rectangularblocksrangeinsizefrom
approximately0.1m2to10m2.
BLOCK CRACKING
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LONGITUDINAL CRACKING
y Crackspredominantlyparalleltopavement
centerline.Locationwithinthelane(wheel
pathversusnonwheelpath)issignificant.
LONGITUDINAL CRACKING
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thatoccuroverjointsinconcrete
pavements.
REFLECTION CRACKING
24
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TRANSVERSE CRACKING
y Cracks
that
are
predominantly
Perpendicular to pavement centerline.
TRANSVERSE CRACKING
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POTHOLES
y Bowlshaped holes of various sizes in the
pavement
surface.
dimension is 150 mm.
Minimum
plan
POTHOLES
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RUTTING
y A rut is a longitudinal surface depression
RUTTING
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SHOVING
y Shoving is a longitudinal displacement of
SHOVING
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RAVELING
y Wearing away of the pavement surface
RAVELING
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Maintenance Principles
Treatments,TriggersandResets
Decay in Condition
(DETERIORATION)
EXCELLENT
ROAD
CONDITION
Condition
Improvement
(RESET)
Treatment
Applied
POOR
Minimum
Acceptable
Standard
(TRIGGER)
TIME
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DeteriorationManagement
EXCELLENT
ORIGINAL DECAY
OPTIMAL
CONDITION
BAND
ASSET CONDITION
Maintenance
Treatments
OPTIMAL RENEWAL
STRATEGY
POOR
TIME
OptimumMaintenance
TotalTransportCosts
RoadUserCosts
MaintenanceCosts
ConstructionCosts
MAINTENANCELEVEL
31
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Means of Maintenance
32
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GIS
System
Regional Office
Connectivity
Bridge
Management
System
Road
Database
Pavement
Management
System
Contract
Management System
Data Collection
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Data Collection
Following Data is collected each year
Pavement Condition Data
Traffic Data
Falling Weight Deflecto-meter Data
Roughness Data
Profilo-graph Data
Economic Data for Traffic Fleet
Revenue Data From Toll Plazas
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Rutting
Potholes
Ravelling
Edge Step
Drainage Condition
(Performance Indicator)
35
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71
72
72
36
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74
37
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75
76
38
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77
78
39
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79
80
40
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81
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Traffic Data
24 Hours Classified Traffic Counts at Chosen
Data
Analysis.
iss,
then,
Sorted
for
Different
FWD Data
FWD data is collected by NHA itself.
KUAB Falling Weight Deflectometer is
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STIFFNESSCONCEPT
Wheel load
WEAK
STRONG
Subgrade
Wheel load
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FWD Machine
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Pavement Roughness
Data
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Profilograph
HDM-4 APPLICATION
PRIORITIZATION CYCLE
Analysis Tools
APPLICATIO
N OF
HDM MODEL
ANNUAL
BUSINESS
PLAN
Central Data
Bank
Data Managers
BUDGET
Road
Network
Vehicle
Fleet
Road
Works
HDM
Config .
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HDM-4 Overview
The Highway Design and Maintenance
HDM Workspace
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Road Network
Vehicle Fleet
Vehicle Fleet is Developed by Considering
Different Types of Vehicles which are Using
the Road Network in Pakistan. Following
Data is Provided for 12 Type of Vehicles:
Type & Class of Vehicle
Physical Characteristics
Utilisation of Vehicle
Specifications of Tyres
Axle Loading and Spacing
Vehicular Resources
Time Value
Fuel & Lubrication Pricings
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Vehicle Fleet
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Work Standards
24 Maintenance Standards are Developed and Costing of Each
of Them is Carried out. These Standards are Then Imported
to HDM-4 for Choosing Best Alternative for any Road
Section: Following are Cconsidered for the Formulation of
These Standards:
Desired Service Indicators
Maximize the Net Present Value
Maximize the Internal Rate of Return
Minimize the IRI
Minimum Cost for Maintaining a Road.
Work Standards
Each
Maintenance
Standard
is
Associated with Responsive Criteria.
And it Triggers when That Criteria is
Met. Like
Rehabilitation Triggers when
IRI=>5 &
Similarly
120 mm Structural Overlay Triggers
when 4=< IRI <=5 & Cracked Carriageway =>15 % , <35%
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Work Standards
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103
104
52
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105
106
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EndNote
AStichinTimeSavesNine
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