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through pipe.
Head Loss= f (L/D)(V2/2g)
Head Loss= p1-p2/g
p= f (L/D)(V2/2)
Where f =Friction factor
L= length of pipe
D= dia. Of pipe
V= Velocity of liquid
= density of liquid
Churchill Equation
: Pipe Roughness
Colebrook-White Equation
Moody chart
Pipe roughness
Material
Drawn Tubing, Glass, Plastic
Roughness (mm)
0.0015-0.01
>0.0015-0.01
0.006-0.07
0.3-4
Stainless Steel
Wrought Iron (New)
Carbon Steel (New)
Carbon Steel (Slightly Corroded)
Carbon Steel (Moderately Corroded)
Carbon Steel (Badly Corroded)
Carbon Steel (Cement-lined)
Asphalted Cast Iron
Cast Iron (new)
Cast Iron (old, sandblasted)
0.03
0.045
0.02-0.05
0.05-0.15
0.15-1
1-3
1.5
0.1-1
0.25
1
0.02-0.1
Galvanized Iron
Wood Stave
Wood Stave, used
Smooth Cement
Concrete Very Smooth
Concrete Fine (Floated, Brushed)
Concrete Rough, Form Marks
Riveted Steel
Water Mains with Tuberculations
Brickwork, Mature Foul Sewers
0.025-0.15
0.18-0.91
0.25-1
0.5
0.025-0.2
0.2-0.8
0.8-3
0.91-9.1
1.2
3
3K Method
90 Elbow, Threaded
90 Elbow, Flanged or
Welded
90 Elbow, Mitered
45 Elbow, Threaded
45 Elbow, Mitered
180 Bend
Tee Through-branch as
an Elbow
Tee Run-through
Angle valve
Globe valve
Plug valve
Gate valve
Ball valve
Diaphragm
Swing check valve
Lift check valve
K1
Kd (in0.3)
Kd (mm0.3)
800
0.14
10.6
800
0.071
4.2
11.1
800
0.091
10.6
800
0.056
3.9
10.3
800
0.066
3.9
10.3
800
1000
800
800
0.075
0.27
0.068
0.035
4.2
4
4.1
4.2
11.1
10.6
10.8
11.1
500
0.071
4.2
11.1
500
500
500
0.052
0.086
0.052
4
4
4
10.6
10.6
10.6
1000
0.23
10.6
1000
1000
0.12
0.1
4
4
10.6
10.6
threaded (r/D = 1)
500
0.274
10.6
800
800
1000
200
150
100
950
0.14
0.28
0.34
0.091
0.05
0
0.25
4
4
4
4
4
0
4
10.6
10.6
10.6
10.6
10.6
0
10.6
1000
1500
500
300
0.69
1.7
0.41
0.084
4
3.6
4
3.9
10.6
9.5
10.6
10.3
300
0.14
10.6
300
300
1000
0.037
0.017
0.69
3.9
3.5
4.9
10.3
9.2
12.9
1500
0.46
10.6
2000
2.85
3.8
10
Types
Standard Radius (R/D =
1)
Long Radius (R/D = 1.5)
Standard Radius (R/D =
1)
Long Radius (R/D = 2)
2K Method
Type
K1
Threaded, SR (R/D = 1)
800
0.4
Flanged/Welded, SR (R/D =
1)
800
0.25
800
0.2
1000
800
800
800
800
1.15
0.35
0.3
0.27
0.25
500
0.2
500
0.15
45 Elbow Mitered
500
500
0.25
0.15
Screwed, SR (R/D = 1)
1000
0.6
180
Flanged/Welded, SR (R/D =
1)
1000
0.35
1000
0.3
Screwed, SR (R/D = 1)
500
0.7
Screwed, LR
Flanged/Welded, SR (R/D =
1)
Stub-in-tpye Branch
Screwed
Flanged/Welded
Stub-in-type Branch
800
0.4
800
0.8
1000
200
150
100
1
0.1
0.05
0
300
0.1
500
0.15
1000
0.25
Globe, Standard
Globe, Angle
1500
1000
4
2
1000
Butterfly
Lift
Swing
Tiliting-disk
800
2000
1500
1000
0.25
10
1.5
0.5
90 Elbow Curved
45 Elbow
Valves, Gate/Ball/Plug
Valves
Check Valves
90 Elbow Mitered
Tee Run-through
Angle valve
Globe valve
Plug valve
Types
(L/D)eq
30
16
20
17
14
12
1 weld (90)
2 welds (45)
3 welds (30)
60
15
8
16
15
6
50
flanged (R/D = 1)
all types (R/D = 1.5)
threaded (r/D = 1)
threaded (r/D = 1.5)
flanged (r/D = 1)
stub-in branch
threaded (r/D = 1)
flanged (r/D = 1)
stub-in branch
60
20
20
55
150
standard, = 1
branch flow
straight through
340
90
18
30
Gate valve
Ball valve
Diaphragm
standard, = 1
standard, = 1
dam type
8
3
100
600
Hose Coupling
Z1
10
L*Sin10
Z2
12
13
14