from principles to applications

Dr. Bhaskar Ganguly

Ph.D., M.V.Sc., B.V.Sc. & A.H.

Molecular Biology
Probably coined by Sir William Astbury
Study of biology in molecular terms
Central Dogma of Molecular Biology:

Biotechnology
Coined by Karl Ereky, a Hungarian
agriculturist, in 1919
bios = life
teuchos = tools
A science that deals with studying, creating
and using biological tools

Molecular Biotechnology
Deals with the deliberate use of biomolecules
for the creation of services and products
Until recently, it largely concerned the
principles and applications of recombinant
DNA (exploitation of the Central Dogma)
RNA interference: new paradigm in molecular
biotechnology

Fundamentals of Molecular
Biotechnology:
The Molecules

Fundamentals of Molecular Biotechnology

DNA: biochemical structure

DNA: biomolecular structure

Fundamentals of Molecular Biotechnology

A typical gene structure

Fundamentals of Molecular Biotechnology

DNA: Replication

Fundamentals of Molecular Biotechnology

The Eukaryotic transcription is much complex!

DNA: The transcription machinery

Fundamentals of Molecular Biotechnology

DNA: Transcription

Fundamentals of Molecular Biotechnology

RNA: 5S rRNA and tRNA

Fundamentals of Molecular Biotechnology

1: Genetic Code

2: Translation

Fundamentals of Molecular Biotechnology

Expression of Genetic Information

Fundamentals of Molecular Biotechnology

Control of expression

Fundamentals of Molecular
Biotechnology:
Recombinant (r) DNA Technology

Fundamentals of Molecular Biotechnology

A: Electrophoresis Unit

2: Agarose Gel Electrophoresis

Fundamentals of Molecular Biotechnology

Action of Restriction Enzyme on DNA

Fundamentals of Molecular Biotechnology

Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism

Fundamentals of Molecular Biotechnology

Cloning Vectors

Fundamentals of Molecular Biotechnology

Cloning Vectors

Fundamentals of Molecular Biotechnology

Poly-linker/ Multiple Cloning Site

Fundamentals of Molecular Biotechnology

Transformation

Fundamentals of Molecular Biotechnology

Selecting positive clones: insertional inactivation

Fundamentals of Molecular Biotechnology

Selecting positive clones: alpha complementation

Fundamentals of Molecular Biotechnology

Creating a DNA library

Fundamentals of Molecular Biotechnology

A typical expression vector

Fundamentals of Molecular Biotechnology

Using Tags for protein isolation: 6His Tag

Fundamentals of Molecular Biotechnology

PCR based cloning

Fundamentals of Molecular Biotechnology

PCR based cloning

Fundamentals of Molecular Biotechnology

PCR based cloning

Antisense RNA Technology

Applications of Molecular
Biotechnology

Applications of Molecular Biotechnology

Pharming of Insulin in E. coli

Applications of Molecular Biotechnology

A typical milk expression construct for goats

Applications of Molecular Biotechnology

Comparison of expression systems

Applications of Molecular Biotechnology

Gene Therapy

Applications of Molecular Biotechnology

Gene Knockout Technology

Applications of Molecular Biotechnology

Transgenesis

Applications of Molecular Biotechnology

Bioluminescent art