Professional Documents
Culture Documents
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
A. BACKGROUND
Globalization is a special phenomenon in human civilization that continues to
move in a global society and are part of the global human process. The presence
of information and communication technologies to accelerate this process of
globalization accelerated. Globalization touches all important aspects of life.
Globalization creates new challenges and issues that must be answered, solved
in an effort to harness globalization for the benefit of life. Globalization itself is a
term that appeared about twenty years ago, and started so popular as a new
ideology about five or ten years. As a term, globalization is so easily accepted or
known to the public throughout the world. The discourse of globalization as a
process characterized by the rapid development of science and technology so
that he could change the world fundamentally. Globalization is often discussed
by many people, ranging from economic experts, until the sellers ad. In the
words of globalization contains a pengetian will the loss of one situation in which
the various movements of goods and services between countries around the
world can move freely and openly in the trade. And with the opening of one state
against another, that goes not only goods and services, but also technology,
consumption patterns, education, cultural values and others. The concept of
globalization according to Robertson (1992), refers to a narrowing of the world as
incentives and increase our awareness of the world, namely the increasing global
connectivity and our understanding of the connection. Here the narrowing of the
world can be understood in the context of the institutions of modernity and the
intensification of the reflexive consciousness of the world can be better
perceived culturally. Globalization has many interpretations from various
viewpoints. Some people interpret globalization as a process of downsizing of the
world or make the world as like a small village. Others say that the globalization
of the world community is pooling the efforts of the lifestyle, orientation, and
culture. Another understanding of globalization as claimed by Barker (2004) is
that globalization is a global connection of economic, social, cultural and political
is increasingly leading to different directions around the world and penetrates
into our consciousness. Global production of local and global product localization
Globalization is a process by which events, decisions and activities in parts of the
world that one can carry important consequences for various individuals and
communities in other parts of the world. (AG Mc.Grew, 1992). The process of
globalization was initially marked progress in the field of information technology
and communications. The field is driving globalization. Of progress in the field is
then affect other sectors of life, such as political, economic, social, cultural and
others. A simple example with internet technology, satellite dish and TV, people
in the outside world will be able to access news from other parts of the world
quickly. This will be an interaction between communities world wide, which will
ultimately influence each other, especially in the areas of culture, such as the
culture of mutual aid, visiting sick neighbors and others. Globalization also
affects the youth in daily life, such as cultural dress, hairstyle and so on
B. PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
agricultural community ritual behavior. With the advent of social change that
comes as a result of industrialization and market economy, and globalization of
information, the art we began to shift towards the commercial dimension of art.
Art-art that is starting out rituals and loss of function. Even so, it does not mean
all of our traditional art disappeared. There are a variety of art that still show
their existence, even creatively continue to expand without having oppressed the
process of modernization. The rapid pace of information technology or
communication technology has become a powerful means of cultural diffusion,
as well as alternative options are more diverse entertainment for the wider
community. As a result people are not interested anymore to enjoy various
traditional performing arts which previously familiar with their lives. For example,
the traditional puppet art of Bharata, contained in House Puppet People Bharata
Jakarta now looks deserted as if no visitors. This is unfortunate given the puppet
is one form of traditional Indonesian art-laden and rich with moral messages, and
is one of the agents of planting the values of good morals, in my opinion.
Another example is the art Ludruk that until the 1980s continue to thrive in East
Java today is experiencing a "suspended animation". Puppet people and ludruk a
small example of the traditional arts began terdepaknya result of globalization. It
may be that such phenomena are not only experienced by traditional Javanese
arts, but also in a variety of expressions of traditional arts in various places in
Indonesia. Yet it does not mean all traditional arts die just like that with the
proliferation of globalization. On the other hand, there are several performing
arts that still exist but have undergone changes in function. There is also art that
is able to adapt and transform themselves with communication technologies that
have been fused with the life of the community, such as traditional arts
"Ketoprak" which was popularized to the screen by a group Srimulat. Above facts
show ketoprak real art has its own fans, especially ketoprak presented in the
form of broadcast television, not ketoprak stage. In terms of staging or
representation, ketoprak including traditional arts that have been proven able to
adapt to changing times. In addition there are other art ketoprak who survive
and are able to adapt to cutting-edge technology that is shadow puppets. Some
well-known puppeteer skin like Manteb Ki Ki Anom Suroto Sudarsono and fixed
interest of society, be it tapes the play, and the show directly. Courage Indosiar
that since a few years ago leather puppet show every night of the week will
suffice as proof of the amount of public interest against one of the treasures of
our national culture. Even the National Museum was still maintaining the
existence of traditional arts such as wayang kulit leather puppet to hold every
few months and gamelan music every single week or once a month, held at the
hall Kertarajasa, the National Museum.
D. EFFECT OF GLOBALIZATION OF CULTURE AND NATION
Currents of globalization has raised the nation's cultural influence on the
development of Indonesia. The swift flow of information and telecommunications
actually causes a tendency that leads to the waning of the values of cultural
preservation. Development of 3T (Transport, Telecommunications, and
Technology) mengkibatkan reduced the desire to preserve the culture of their
own country. Indonesian culture that used to hospitality, mutual cooperation and
courtesy replaced by Western culture, such as promiscuity. In Tapanuli (North
Sumatra), for example, twenty years ago, her teenage children are still many
who are interested to learn dance tor-tor and tagading (hobo musical
instrument). Almost every week, and the rituals of life, there are always invited
adolescent stage as a vibrant entertainment culture. Currently, when the
technology is getting advanced, ironically regional cultures are increasingly lost
in the community, even can only be watched on television and Indonesi Indah
Miniature Park (Taman Mini). Whereas cultures that area, if managed properly
can be a cultural tourism in addition to generating revenue for both national and
local governments, can also be a promising area of work for the surrounding
community. The other thing is the impact of globalization is in the use of
Indonesian is good and true (the language is also one of the nation's culture). It
is not unusual in Indonesia to name a second person singular with Mr., Mrs., Mr.,
Mrs., Brother, you are compared to you or you as a sense of value judgments.
Now there is a tendency among young people who prefer to use the Indonesian
language dialect of Jakarta as the mention of the word I (I) and lu (you). In
addition we often hear young people using Indonesian with mixed-mixed english
like OK, No problem and Yes', even curse words (swearing), although we often
hear in western films, often spoken in everyday life days. The words are spread
through the TV media in films, commercials and soap operas simultaneously with
the scattered lifestyle and fashion. Clothing styles that were once teenagers
Indonesia upholds the norms of decency have changed following the
development of the era. There is a tendency for young women in big cities wear
skimpy and tight clothes that show off certain body parts. This minimal
perpakaian culture embraced the films and foreign magazines are transformed
into the patron-patron Indonesia. The swift flow of information, which is also
characterized by the presence of the Internet, participating `donate` to change
the dress code. Tight clothes and mini-environment has become the trend of
young people. One of the success of the spread of Western culture is the
widespread notion that science and technology developed in the West is a
universal. Influx of western culture (in packaging science and technology)
received `good`. On this side of globalization has been affecting various systems
of social and cultural values of East (including Indonesia) so as to open all the
conflicts between technology and eastern values.
E. ACTION encourage GLOBALIZATION OF CULTURE AND GLOBALIZATION OF
CULTURE IS TO ANTICIPATE
The role of government policy that is more directed to economic considerations
rather than cultural or culture can be said to be detrimental to the development
of culture. Jennifer Lindsay (1995) in his book entitled 'Cultural Policy And The
Performing Arts In South-East Asia', reveals the cultural policies in Southeast Asia
today effectively change and ruin the traditional performing arts, either through
interference, excessive handling , policies without direction, and no attention is
paid to the government's cultural policies or cultural context. In a more narrow
observation we can see the behavior of government officials in dealing with the
development of folk arts, where the number of interference in determining the
object and try to change to fit the demands of development. Under these
conditions the meaning of folk art itself becomes bland and there is no sense of
art again. Seeing this trend, government officials have made the artist is seen as
a development object and asked to adjust to the demands of the symbols of
development. This of course ignores the issue of maintenance and development