Electronics 2

EEE232 (3+1)

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e

Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky

Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Amplifier
An amplifier is an electronic device that
increases/boosts the power of a signal
It does this by taking energy from a power supply and
controlling the output to match the input signal shape
but with a larger amplitude
Amplifiers are dependent sources

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e

Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky

Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Amplifier
If the transformer is an amplfier?

Output power = Input power

No Amplification
Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky

Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Applications
An amplifier widely used in almost all electronic
equipment.
Signal generated by transducers like thermocouple,
turntable etc.
Audio amplifier amplifies the signals in the audio
RF amplifiers amplify frequencies in the radio
frequency

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e

Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky

Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Example
Stereo amplifier
Amplification works in two stages

First stage works as pre-amplifer. It provides boost

and additional processing like tone control,
balance, volume etc.
Can drive a headphone not a speaker

Second stage (power amplifier) gives a large

amplification to drive a speaker
Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky

Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Amplifier

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e

Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky

Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Amplifier parameters
Gain the ratio between the magnitude of output and input
signals
Bandwidth the width of the useful frequency range
Efficiency, the ratio between the power of the output and
total power consumption

Noise, a measure of undesired noise mixed into the output

Output dynamic range, the ratio of the largest and the
smallest useful output levels
Slew rate, the maximum rate of change of the output
Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky

Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Amplifier design parameters

Input impedance

Output impedance

Gain

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e

Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky

Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Properties
Unilateral
Common terminal

Inverting or non-inverting

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e

Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky

Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

The circuit

Input output ports

Amplifier circuit
Source at the input

Load at the output

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky

10

Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

The circuit

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e

Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky

11

Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

The circuit

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e

Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky

12

Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Classification on basis of signal

Small Signal Amplifiers amplify a relatively small
input signal. Converts microwatts or miliwatts into
watts. For example signal from a Sensor etc.

Large Signal Amplifiers are designed to amplify

large input voltage signals or switch heavy load
currents as you would find driving loudspeakers.
It Converts miliwatts or watts into tens of watts.

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e

Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky

13

Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Classification on basis of signal

Current amplifier
Voltage amplifier
Both Voltage and current amplifier

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e

Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky

14

Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Classification on the basis of frequency

Audio frequency amplifiers are used to amplify signals in
the range of human hearing, approximately 20Hz to 20kHz
RF amplifiers amplify frequencies in the radio
frequency range between 20 kHz and 300 GHz
DC amplifiers are used to amplify DC (0Hz) voltages or
very low frequency signals where the DC level of the signal
is important.

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e

Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky

15

Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Classification
On the basis of Linearity
Linear
Non-Linear

On the basis of Inversion

Inverting
Non-Inverting

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e

Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky

16

Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Topics in E2
Ac analysis of BJT and FET
Cascaded amplifier

Frequency response
Power amplifiers

Operational amplifiers

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e

Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky

17

Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Amplifier types

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e

Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky

18

Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Amplifier types
A transresistance amplifier outputs a voltage
proportional to its input current.

A transconductance amplifier (gm amplifier) puts out a

current proportional to its input voltage.

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e

Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky

19

Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Amplifier types

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e

Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky

20

Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.