Question

Question 2

Mercury displacement method is defined as a method of measuring the bulk volume of rock
samples that can be measured by immersing the rock samples inside the mercury. As the
molecules in mercury are large thus it cannot enter the pore inside the samples easily. The
volume of mercury displacement by the rock samples are equal to the bulk volume of the
samples. Whereby the ordinary measurement method was a simple method by considering
about a sample with regular shape, particularly cylinder. This method can be measured by
taking the dimension of the sample, thus, calculate the volume.

Question 5

The porosity values obtained from the laboratory are not the same with the porosity of the
sample at the reservoir. Based on our study, this is due to the effect of temperature and
pressure. In petroleum exploration, the condition is different with the laboratory because
laboratory is at room temperature whereas reservoir temperature is extremely high. Besides,
as the depth increase the pressure will also increase. So, this lead to the difference between
both values.
Question 7
Another method to measure porosity is that the total volume and grain volume of the core are
measured as follow. Immerse the dry core in mercury. Where mercury has attracted force
between the molecules, so it will not be absorbed into the pores of sample. So that it cause the
overall value sample equivalent to the increase reading at the measurement cylinder. To
measure grain volume, the dried sample is divided by the density of the grain or the rock. The
advantage of the experiment is easy to handle because we use simple equipment. On the other
hand, the disadvantage is that the value obtained from this experiment is inaccurate because
the sample contains impurities whose different densities and need to be measured.

Appendices

Figure 1: Helium porosimeter

Sample Calculation

Sample 1:
Bulk Volume ,V b = r 2 h=

2.452 2 (
5.540 )
2

26.160 cc
Grain Volume , V gr=Volume Without SampleVolume With Sample=4219.5
22.5 cc

PoreVolume , V p=Bulk VolumeGrain Volume=26.16022.5

3.66 cc

Porosity ,=

Pore Volume
3.66
x 100
x 100
Bulk Volume
26.160
13.99

gr =

W gr 58.5795
=
V gr
22.5
2.60 gm /cc

Sample 2:
Bulk Volume ,V b = r 2 h=

2.530 (
4.510 )
2

22.673 cc

Grain Volume , V gr=Volume Without SampleVolume With Sample=4223

22.5 cc
Pore Volume , V p=Bulk VolumeGrain Volume=22.67319.0
3.673 cc

Porosity ,=

Pore Volume
3.673
x 100 =
x 100
Bulk Volume
22.673
16.2

gr =

W gr 4 9.7588
=
V gr
19.0
2.619 gm /cc

Sample 3:
Bulk Volume ,V b = r 2 h=

3.920 2 (
3.530 )
2

42 . 603 cc
Grain Volume , V gr=Volume Without SampleVolume With Sample=55.519
36.5 cc

Pore Volume , V p=Bulk VolumeGrain Volume=42.60336.5

6.103 cc

Porosity ,=

Pore Volume
6.103
x 100 =
x 100
Bulk Volume
42.603
14 . 33

gr =

W gr 89.9269
=
V gr
36.5
2. 4637 gm/cc

Sample 4:
Bulk Volume ,V b = r 2 h=

3.804 (
4.770 )
2

54.211 cc

Grain Volume , V gr=Volume Without SampleVolume With Sample=7016

54 cc
PoreVolume , V p=Bulk VolumeGrain Volume=54.21154
0 .21 1 cc

Porosity ,=

Pore Volume
0.21 1
x 100 =
x 100
Bulk Volume
54.21 1
0 .3 9

gr =

W gr 142.4845
=
V gr
54
2.638 gm /cc

Sample 5:
Bulk Volume ,V b = r 2 h=

3.892 2 (
5.020 )
2

59.723 cc
Grain Volume , V gr=Volume Without SampleVolume With Sample=7323
50 cc

PoreVolume , V p=Bulk VolumeGrain Volume=59.72350

9.723 cc

Porosity ,=

Pore Volume
9.723
x 100 =
x 100
Bulk Volume
59.723
16.28

gr =

W gr 118.8995
=
V gr
50
2.378 gm /cc

REFERENCES:

Frederick

S.

Sherman.

Viscous

Flow.New

York:

McGraw-Hill

Publishing com
Hughes, Richard V . (1978) Oil Property Valuation. 2nd Edition. U.S.A.:
Robert E.Krieger Publishing Co. J.F. Douglas etal.(3 rd edition). Fluid
Mechanics. Singapore: Longman