TIMPUL

MODUL DE INTREBUINTARE SI DE FORMARE A VERBELOR LA TIMPUL TRECUT, PREZENT SI VIITOR

ADVERBE
INTREBUINTARE
MOD DE FORMARE
EXEMPLE
CARACTERISTICE
1.Prezentul generic - actiuni generale care au loc
intr-un timp nespecificat dar care include momentul
vorbirii.
2.Prezentul simplu folosit pentru actiuni repetate,
obisnuite, care au loc intr-o perioada de timp
generala sau specifica mentionata prin adverbe de
timp.

SIMPLU,
ASPECTUL
COMUN

Prezentul instantaneu actiuni ca avand loc in

intregime in momentul vorbirii
a) Comentarii;
b) Demonstratii;
c) Exclamatii
Folosit cu alte valori temporale (viitor)
a) Pentru exprimarea datei;
b) Pentru redarea unei actiuni planificate
1.Cu verbe cu activitate durativa fara scop
a) Actiune in desfasurare in momentul vorbirii
b) Actiune obisnuita, repetata, prezentata in
desfasurarea ei in anumite circumstante.

SIMPLU,
APECTUL
CONTINUU

NEGATIV

I am
You are
He, she, it is
We, you, they
are
I have
You have
He, she it has
We, you, they
have
I write
You write
He, she, it writes
We, you, they
write

I am not
You are not
He, she it is not
We, you, they
are not
I have not
You have not
He, she it has not
We, you, they
have not
I do not write
You do not write
He, she, it does
not write
We, you, they do
not write
I am not writing
You are not
writing
He is not writing
She is not
writing
It is not writing
We are not
writing
You are not
writing
They are not
writing

I am writing
You are writing
He is writing
She is writing

2. Cu verbele cu activitate durativa implicand un

scop, care nu s-a terminat in momentul vorbirii.

It is writing
We are writing

3.O actiune repetata in mod frecvent care

deranjeaza sau irita pe vorbitor.

You are writing

They are writing

4. Pentru a denumi o actiune cu caracter temporar

care are loc pentru o perioada limitata de timp
(inclusiv momentul vorbirii)
5.Pentru a desemna o actiune viitoare planificata
din prezent.
1.Exprima o actiune anterioara momentului vorbirii
pe o perioada de timp deschisa, neterminata.
2.Exprima o actiune savarsita in trecut si terminata
in recent sau chiar inaintea momentului vorbirii.
PREZENT
PERFECT

AFIRMATIV

3.Exprima o actiune inceputa in trecut si care

continua si in momentul vorbirii indicand:

The Earth moves round the sun.

Birds fly. Water boils at 1000C

INTEROGATI
V
Am I?
Are you?
Is he? (she, it)
Are we (you,
they)?
Have I?
Have you?
Has he? (she, it)
Have we? (you,
they)?
Do I write?
Do you Write?
Does he (she, it)
write
Do we (you,
they) write?
Am I writing?
Are you writing?

On Mundays, in summer, every

day, often, frenqvently, seldom,
rarely, occasionaly, sometimes,
once a week

I go to school every day.

I usually watch TV every evening.

Now, right now, at this moment

He is eating right now.

Is it writing?
Are we writing?

My neighbour is always starting his

car when I want to have a rest

Today, this week, these year, these

days
Tomorrow, next week, month, etc.

My father usually teachers

geometry but is teaching algebra
this year
We are leaving tomorrow.

Se formeaza prin cojugarea verbului to have +

participiul trecut (forma a treia) a verbului de conjugat.

Today, this week, this month

I have been at the theatre this week

I have (Ive
written) written a
poem
You have
(youve ) written
a poem

Just, already, up to now, so far,

lately, recently

He has just phoned

Have I written a
poem?
Have you written
a poem?
Has he (she, it)

Se traduce prin
indicativul
prezent

I always take my umbrella when it

is raining.
I never read while I am eating.
He is doing his homework.
De frecventa: always, forever, all
the time

I have not
(havent) written
a poem
You have not
(havent) written
a poem

Se traduce prin
indicativul
prezent

a) The goal-keeper misses the ball

and one more goal is scored.
b) I now mix the butter with
cocoa.
c) Here comes our teacher.
a) Tomorrow is Monday.
b) We leave Bucharest at night.

Is he writing?
Is she writing?

Are you writing?

Are they
writing?

OBSERVATII

Se traduce prin
perfectul compus
sau
Prin imperfect

(ASPECTUL

a) Lugimea perioadei de timp;

He (she, it) has

(hes) written a

COMUN)

b) Inceputul perioadei de timp

poem

4.Exprima o actiune caracteristica repetata in trecut,

prezent si poate viitor.
1.Exprima o actiune inceputa intr-un moment trecut
care contina si in prezent si poate si in viitor.
PRESENT
PERFE
CT
(ASPECTUL 2.Exprima o actiune repetata frecvent intr-o
CONTINUU) perioada de timp care se intinde din trecut pana in
prezent.
3.Exprima o actiune trecuta, incheiata recent, care
este cauza unui efect simtit in prezent.

TRECUT
(ASPECTUL
COMUN)

He (she, it) has

not (hasnt)
written a
poem

Written a poem?
Have we (you,
they)
written a poem?

We (you, they)
have (weve)
written a poem

We (you, they)
have not
(havent) written
a poem
Se formeaza din forma PRESENT PERFECT a
verbului to be urmata de forma ing a verbului de
conjugat:

a) For a long time, for two days,

for three years

He has been here for two hours

b) Since
Often, always, never, sometimes.

I have been studied English since

1990
He has often written a poem.

Aceleasi ca si pentru timpul

PRESENT PERFECT, aspectul
comun

They have been playing tennis for

half an hour (they are still playing
and may continue.

I (you) have been writing;

He (she, it) has been writing

I have been riding a bicycle for

three years.

We (you, they) have been writing

Why are your hands dirty? I have

been repairing my bike.

1.Exprima o actiune savarsita si incheiata intr-un

moment trecut:

1.Folosindu-se forma a doua a verbelor neregulate.

2.In cazul verbelor regulate, prin adaugarea particulei
ed. La inte-

a) Momentul in care a avut loc actiunea este, de

obicei, mentionat prin adverbe de timp;

rogativ si negativ se foloseste verbul auxiliar to do, cu

forma sa de trecut (did)

I lived here two years ago.

b) Actiunea este savarsita si incheiataintr-un

anume moment trecut chiar daca acesta nu este
mentionat, el putand fi dedus din context (se
poate specifica locul actiunii).

I
You
He

I
You
He

I
You
He

He shook his head and said no.

c) Actiunea este savarsita si incheiata intr-un

moment trecut care este precizat ca rezultat al
unei intrebari si al unui raspuns la PRESENT
PERFECT.

She
It
wrote
We
(walked)

She
It
We

She
it

Have you seen this film? Yes, I

have. I saw it yesterday.

2.Exprima o actiune repetata in trecut care se

traduce, de obicei, prin imperfect in limba romana.
1.Exprima cu verbe de activitate durativa fara scop:
a) O actiune in desfasurare intr-un moment trecut
amintita in momentul vorbirii;

did not
(didnt)
write

Did
write

Two hours ago, yesterday, last

week, in
1970, etc

I called him yesterday.

I saw this film one month ago.

Aceasta
intrebuintare a
PPC poate fi
redata si ca PPS
in cazul unor
verbe ca live,
stay, work, study
Scoate in evidenta
CONTINUITATE
A,
caracterul
neintrerupt al
actiunii.
-Despre
acest
moment se pot
cere
informatii
cu: when, what
time, how long
ago;
-PAST TENSE ,
aspectul simplu,
desemneaza
un
eve
Nimentdefinit
care a vut loc pe
axa
timpului
trecut
(evenimentul este
amintit
in
prezent)

We

(walk)
You
You
(walk)
You
They
They
They
Se formeaza din forma de trecut a verbului to be si
forma continua a verbului de conjugat

Often, usually, sometimes, etc

I ften visited him.

At this time, at this hour

I was walking at this time, last

week.

-Se traduce prin

imperfect
De regula, se
traduce prin
imperfect.
(Saptamana

TRECUT
(ASPECTUL
CONTINUU)

b) O actiune durativa in desfasurare, intrerupta de

o actiune non-durativa momentana;
c) Doua actiuni paralele desfasurate in trecut

I was
You were
He was

I was not
You were not
He was not

was I
were you
was he

2.Exprima o actiune trecuta dar neincheiata.

She was
She was not
was she
writing
writing
writing
It was
It was not
was it
3.Exprima o actiune repetata in trecut, iritanta
We were
We were not
were we
pentru ceilalti.
You were
You were not
were you
They were
They were not
were they
DEFINITIE: este un timp folosit cand vorbitorul se Se formeaza din forma PAST TENSE a verbului to
plaseaza psihologic pe o axa a trecutului, pentru a have + participiul trecut a verbului de conjugat.
desemna un eveniment anterior unui moment sau
unui eveniment trecut, care este amintit in
momentul vorbirii.
I
I
I
1.Exprima o actiune, incheiata inaintea unui
You
You
You
moment trecut.

PERFECT
(PAST
PERFECT
TENSE)

2.Exprima o actiune trecuta, incheiata inaintea altei

actiuni trecute.

He
She

He
She

had not

3.Exprima o actiune trecuta, incheiata imediat

inaintea altei actiuni trecute.

It
had
finshed
We

It
We

(hadnt)
finished

You
They

You
They

DEFINITIE: Viitorul simplu desemneaza un

eveniment posterior fata de momentul vorbirii.

I shall (Ill)
You will (youll)

1.Exprima o actiune care are loc intr-un moment

viitor mai apropiat sau adeseori mai indepartat.

He will (hell)
She will (shell)

I shall not
(shant)
You will not
(wont)
He
She will not

4.Exprima o actiune trecuta, savarsita intr-o

perioada de timp anterioara unei alte actiuni trecute
dar ajungand pana la aceasta (folosind adverbele
for si since.

When, while
When, while
Adverbele specifice timpului
trecut

Cel mai adesea se

traduce prin mai
mult ca perfectul
I had (Id) finished my lessons by
ten oclock yesterday .

He
She
Had
It
finished
We
You
They

Just, hardly, already

For, since

5.Se foloseste in vorbirea indirecta pentru a inlocui

PRESENT PERFECT sau PAST TENSE.
Shall I go?
Will you go?

He came in when (while) I was

eating.
She was eating while I was
washing
She was reading a book last night
(neterm)

When Dorris got to the theatre the

show had already started.
Ihad just got into the classroom
when the bell rang. No sooner had I
got into the clasroom then the bell
rang.
He had been into the clasroom for
two minutes when the teacher came
in. he had lived in Bucharest since
1975 when I met him.
I have spoken to Mary about it.
I spoke to her last week.
Tom said he had spoken to Mary
about it.

Tomorrow, next week (month,

years,etc), three days from now
on, in two days

Will he go?
Will she go?
He will come back tomorrow.

VIITORUL
SIMPLU

2.Viitorul simplu nu este, de obicei, intrebuintat in

propozitiile subordonate, fiind inlocuite de
prezentul simplu.

It will
go
We shall (well)

It
We shall not

Will it go?
Shall we go?

trecuta
Ma plimbam la
aceasta ora)

He will come when he has time.

Imi terminasen
lectiile
lectiile.
piesa deja
incepuse

In vorbire se
prefera viitorul cu
to be going to
Pentru exprimarea
viitorului apropiat
sau
viitorul
continuu pentru
redarea ideii de
actiune
neutra,
obisnuita in
Desfasurarea
normala
a
evenimentelor
viitoare.

VIITORUL
APROPIAT

3.Viitorul simplu apare numai in propozitiile

subordonate dupa verbele think, suppose, expect,
belive, doubt, assume, hope, wander, be sure, be
afraid
1. To be about to + infinitiv scurt exprima un
viitor imediat
2. To be + infinitivul scurt pentru a exprima:
a) Un aranjament;
b) Un ordin
3. Exprimarea cu ajutorul expresiei to be going
to pentru ;
a) O actiune viitoare apropiata;

You will (will)

They will (will)

You will not

(wont)
They will not
---//---

Will you go?

Will they go?

I am sure you will feel better

tomorrow
We are about to leave
I am to move hose soon
You are to return before nightfall.

b) O actiune viitoare sigura;

VIITORUL
APROPIAT

VIITORUL
CONTINUU

c) O actiune viitoare ca rezultat a unei cauze

prezente
1.Exprima o actiune in desfasurare intr-un moment
viitor.
2. Exprima o actiune in desfasurare in viitor
intrerupta de o actiune momentana.

3. exprima o actiune in desfasurare in viitor in

paralel cu alta actiune in desfasurare tot in viitor.

Suntem pe
punctul de a pleca

Se formeaza din timpul viitor al verbului to be +

forma continua a verbului de conjugat.
I (we) shall not
Shall I (we) be
I shall be trying
be trying
trying?
You will be
He (she, it, you, Will he (she, it,
trying
they) will not be you, they) be
He (she, it)
trying?
will be trying
trying
We shall be
trying
You will be
trying
They will be
trying

At this time, next week (month,

year)
When

a) I am going to write letters

tomorrow.
b) We are going to spend our
holliday in
c) It is going to rain. Look at the
clouds!
I shall be walking at this time next
week.
When he comes I will be eating.

While
She will be walking while I am
sleeping.

G2_1/SI> C:\WINDOWS\DESKTOP\My Documents\PREGATIRE\GRAMATICA1.doc