is Safety Plan are as follows:

To ensure compliance with applicable legal requirements and other requirements

related to environmental aspects of its operations.
To meet expectations and to conduct all activities consistent with TPL applicable EHS
Policies.
To prevent injury to anyone and to safeguard human lives, property and the
environment.
To promote and establish the highest standards of safety to benefit TPL through
prevention of accidents and thereby promote increased productivity, reduced schedule
disruptions and mitigate the effects of any accidents/ incidents which do occur.
To increase safety consciousness and awareness among TPL employees and
subcontractors by uplifting the safety standards and setting the trend in safety
excellence through established goals and objectives, training programs, audits and
motivations.
TPL shall ensure that all of its personnel and subcontractors engaged in these works
commit to these same Quality & EHS principles and shall establish and utilize
programs that ensure the requirements are achieved.

Page 1 of 15

1.0

COMMITMENTS

1.1

EHS Policy

1.2

VISION, MISION, VALUES

VISION:
To be Indias premier Engineering, Procurement and Construction Company and Be Ahead
of expectations of all its stakeholders
MISSION:

To make or clients successful, while creating stake holder value, with uncompromising
quality and safety standards.
To create a culture that excites our people in pursuit of excellence through innovation,
differentiation and continued learning.
To uphold TATA Groups cherished value of contributing to the society to improve the
quality of life.

VALUES:
Good Corporate Citizenship
Humility and willingness to learn
Concern for all stakeholders
Business with ethics
Passion for excellence
Teamwork

2.0

Hazard Identification & Risk Assessment

Hazard Identification:
PC/RCM/SO to identify hazards associated with the new projects covering all types of
hazards viz. fire hazards, thermal hazards, radiation hazards, explosion hazards, accidental
hazards, ergonomic hazards, chemical hazards, electrical hazards, travel and stay
arrangements, gravity hazards and other hazards.
For identification of hazards and risk levels, the following steps are to be followed.
Select an activity, product or service. The selected activity, product or service should
be large enough for meaningful examination and small enough to be sufficiently
understood.
Identify as many hazard aspects as possible associated with the selected activity.
Identify as many actual and potential risks as possible with each identified hazard.
Identify legal concerns, domino concerns, emergency concerns
Assessment of Risks
PC/RCM/SO to assess the identified risk by considering the following
Probability Rating
Probability
Very Likely
Likely

Score
4
3
Page 2 of 15

Unlikely
Very unlikely

2
1

Severity Rating
Severity
Negligible ( no injury, First aid)
Minor(Non Reportable)
Severe (Reportable)
Extreme(Fatalities)

Score
1
2
3
4

Risk calculation is done as per the following.

Risk Score = Probability Score x Severity Score
The Group risk assessment criteria is done as per the details in the format No: TSF-010
Risk score greater than or equal to 8 is considered unacceptable risk. Risk score less than 8
is considered as acceptable risk.
This allows decisions to be made about the extent and nature of controls required and
about priorities
Risk

Less than (<8)

Greater than or
equal (>=8)
Legal

Risk Response Criteria

Accept the risk with no further control required.
Normal precautions to be adhered to
Risk is not acceptable. Mitigate the risks by
imposing additional management controls and
actions at the functional level to reduce the risk
before resumption of activities
Risk associated with legal concern is considered Un
acceptable and the activities continues after assuring
total compliance to the requirements

Practicable controls to treat the assessed risk, to reducing the risk will be
developed in line with the hierarchy of controls principle:

3.0

Elimination: Eliminate the risk by avoiding the activity that gives rise to the risk;
Substitute: Substitute the activity with another which does not give rise to the
identified risk. Care has to be taken that any new risks introduced has to be
assessed and controlled;
Isolate: Isolate the source of the risk from the target, such as providing permanent
guarding, barrier or segregation;
Introduce Engineering Controls: which will prevent the risk from arising, such
as installing shutdowns, interlocks, and Shrouding ;
Introduce Signage/Warnings and or Administrative Controls which will
instruct on how to perform the activity safely, such as safe work procedures and
supervision. Administrative controls should be used in conjunction with other
higher order controls.
Use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is the lowest level of control and
should not be relied upon in isolation.

Legal and Other Requirements

Page 3 of 15

STATUTORY ACTS & RULES RELATING TO HSE

i)

The Building & Other Construction Workers (Regulation of Employment and

Condition of Service) Act, 1996 - Central Rules, 1998 & Rules of respective states.

ii)

Motor Transport Workers Act, 1961 and Motor Transport Workers Rules, 1964

iii)
The Motor Vehicles Act 1988, as amended in 1994 and Motor Vehicle (Control)
Rules, 1989
iv)

The Indian Explosive Act, 1984

- Explosives substances act 1908
- The Indian Explosive Rules, 1983
- The Static & Mobile Pressure Vessels (Unfired) Rules 1981
- The Gas Cylinder Rules, 1981

v)

The Petroleum Act, 1934, the Petroleum Rules, 1976

vi)

The Indian Electricity Act, 2003, the Indian Electricity Rules, 1956

vii)

The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986

Water Act-1995
Notification, Central ground water board, Act January 1997
Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act - 1981, Rules 1982
Water (Prevention and control of pollution) Act, 1974
The Noise Pollution (Regulation & Control) Rules, 2000
Environment Protection Rules, 1986
Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemical Rules, 1989
Rules for the Manufacture, use, import, export and storage of hazardous
micro organisms, genetically engineered organisms or Cells, 1989.
Hazardous waste (Management and Handling Rules) 1989
Hazardous waste Management Rules 1989 (as amended in 1999)
Environment Clearance of Project Notification, 1994
Chemical Accidents (Emergency Planning, Preparedness and Response
Rules), 1996
Notification on control of Noise from Diesel Generator (DG) sets, 2002
Recycled Plastic Usage Rules, 1998
viii)

The Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991 and Rules 1991

ix)

The Dangerous Machines (Regulation) Act, 1983

x)

Workmen's Compensation Act - 1923, Rules-1924

xi)

Employees State Insurance act 1948

xii)

Batteries (Management and Handing) Rules

xiii)

National Building Code, 2005

xviii)

Gas Cylinder Rules, 2003

xiv)

Contract labour act, 1970 and rules 1971

xv)

Child labour (Prohibitions & Regulations) Act, 1986 and Rules 1950

xvi)

Minimum wages act, 1948 and rule 1950

xvii)
Indian Road Congress Code IRC: SP: 55-2001 Guidelines on safety in road
construction zones.

4.0

Organisation Structure - EHS

Page 4 of 15

Planning
Manger

Construction Construction
Manager
Manager
Mech/Elec
Civil

Health &
Safety
Manager

Corporate Health & Safety

..................

Project Manager

Plant &

QA/QC
Manager Machinery
Manager

Admin
&
Accts Head

FunctionalRep orting
Administrative R eporting

5.0

Health & Safety

Engineer

Health & Safety

Frontline
Supervisor(s)

Resources, Roles, Responsibility and Authority

Safety is a fundamental to the operations of TPL and its primary objective is to have an
accident free project execution. It is everyones responsibility to understand the requirements
for working safely and protecting themselves and others. To achieve this goal the following
accountabilities are expressed, to assist all personnel in understanding their more specific
responsibilities.

6.0

TRAINING
Paramount to having an effective safety program is the knowledge and corresponding training required
to enable personnel to work safely. It is TPLs responsibility to ensure that all personnel have
sufficient knowledge.
TPL EHS Department shall ensure that all new recruits & subcontractors attend the mandatory
EHS induction at TPL Safety Department prior to their deployment at worksite
TPL SAFETY OFFICER shall then ensure that TPL employees & Subcontractor personnel
attend site Induction training.
TPL shall ensure that appropriate EHS Trainings/Awareness applicable to Project be
provided/given to TPL employees & subcontractor personnel for skill enhancement. Training
records shall be maintained
TPL shall ensure that certificates for competency / training have been obtained for critical
workforce (Electrician, drivers, operators) on site.
Induction Training
TPL ensures mandatory Safety Induction programme to all work force on day one by EHS Dept. prior to
deploying at work location. All the employees & Sub contractor personnel shall also undergo mandatory
Safety Induction prior to entering the work location.

Induction training shall be carried out as per the TPL induction training procedure i.e. display and ensure the
understanding of animated audio-video (Hindi) film to all workforces.
The module of induction CD has been shown below:
Page 5 of 15

Topics covered under the animated audio-video film are:

6.1

Induction
General Site safety rules
PPEs
Excavation
Scaffolding and Ladder safety
Formwork and concreting
Electrical safety
Plant & Machinery
Fabrication yard
Material Handling
Transmission & Distribution
Railways

EHS MEETINGS

The administration of this Site SHE Plan will be through a project SHE committee.
The membership is as follows:
RCM
Safety Officer
Site Engineers
Site Representatives

All members of SHE committee shall visit the site to check the unsafe act &
conditions and to recommend the remedial measures for their rectification.
To look into the health hazards associated with handling different types of
explosive, chemicals and other construction material and to suggest the
remedies measures including use of PPEs.
To suggest measures for improving welfare amenities in the construction site
and other miscellaneous aspects of safety, health and welfare in building or
other construction works.

Page 6 of 15

6.2

Frequency of EHS Committee Meetings

The Project EHS Committee shall provide a forum by which the overall Project can
be considered, monitored and actions agreed for the effective planning and
management of EHS issues. Any actions shall be binding upon those parties
represented on the Committee. Any disagreement shall be reported to the
Committee Chairman within seven calendar days.
The meetings will take place at Weekly / Monthly intervals.

6.3

INCENTIVE SCHEME

Retribution clauses
To enforce workforce regarding implementation of EHS norms at site retribution clause will
be applicable. The exact amount to be reattributed for each violation has been given in annex.
Any violation not included in the annexure will be decided at the site and the TPL EHS
Managers decision will be binding on that.
In order to motivate the workers reward would be given to the best safe worker every month,
based on the recommendation of the site engineer & S.O.

6.4

TOOLBOX TALKS
It is mandatory for all Engineer / Sub contractor Supervisor to conduct and deliver a daily
toolbox talk at work locations within their respective area prior to commencement of daily
work assignments.
Supervisors/ Foremen shall ensure that the potential hazards of the task and specific safety
requirements required when executing the tasks are clearly understood and briefed to all the
personnel involved and ensure that safe working procedures are strictly followed.
A Toolbox Talk checklist shall be provided by EHS Department and must be properly filled in
by Engineer / Supervisors.
Employees assigned for Specific works shall sign the attendance sheet after completion of
toolbox talks and this shall be attached with the work permit.

Topics to be discussed shall include but not restricted to the following as and when
applicable.

Emergency Procedures
Muster points/ alarms
PPE
Site Safety Regulations
Housekeeping
Fire Prevention
Safe Working Practices
Safe Working Practises in Green & Brown Field
Employees Safety Responsibility
Eye Protection
Tools
Short Cuts
Confined Space Safety
Near Miss
Cylinders
Scaffolding
Preventing Accidents
Deep Excavations
Restricted Areas Working
Permit To Work (PTW)
Working at Height
Page 7 of 15

 Erection
Lifting
Rigging
Manual Material Handling
Radiography
Pressure tests
Electrical Safety

6.5

AUDIT

EHS Site Inspection/Performance Site Monitoring/ Audit Programme / Schedule

7.0

TPL HO, will conduct a system audits every year, a detailed program for the same will be sent to
all sites prior to the audit.
TPL EHS Coordinator will conduct quarterly audit to check the performance of the EHS System.
The finding shall be forwarded to TPL HO, EHS Head, Head Operations, Project Manager &
RCM.
TPL Safety Officer shall conduct a monthly EHS Audit Programme/EHS Performance Site
Monitoring in accordance with TSP 4.5.5. The findings shall be forwarded to the TPL HO and
RCM. SO & RCM shall follow-up all outstanding items. Corrective actions shall be implemented.
Weekly CFT shall be organized by TPL EHS Department. Deficiency notices are utilized and
issued per group/ discipline to ensure rectifications are made. Concerned personnel are notified of
any deviation with corresponding recommended corrective actions. EHS Department shall follow
up to ensure safe continuation of the construction activities.

General health and safety rules

7.1

SITE OFFICE SAFETY

Cooking of food in office units is prohibited, unless the unit was designed for
such a purpose.

Office units shall be provided with adequate fire protection, smoke detectors/
fire alarm system. Alarm systems and emergency assembly points shall be
designated to suite site requirements.

All fixed electrical equipment in office units shall be an approved standard; no

occupant shall modify or interfere with installed electrical equipment.

All electrical equipment owned by occupants and used in the office units shall
be correctly terminated and connected to the power outlets provided.

A pest control program shall be implemented for site areas.

No rubbish shall be allowed to accumulate around or under office units.

Rubbish containers located around the office area shall be provided with a
solid, tight fitting cover and emptied daily. Containers shall be cleaned on a
regular basis.

Aisles should be kept clear of tripping hazard.

Serious injury may be caused by filing cabinets, which are not properly
ballasted or anchored. As prevention against tipping, heavy loads should be
stored at the lower drawer, close one drawer before opening a second drawer.

Chairs, tables and shelves must not be used as a means for climbing. Proper
type ladders or other safe supports must be used to reach material at high
elevations.

Desk drawers, cabinet doors and files should be closed while not being used.
Page 8 of 15

Small card index files should not be placed on top of large corresponding
cabinets, or near the edge of the cabinets, desks, book cases, etc, as they
may easily overbalance and fall.

Heavy materials should not be placed on top of file cabinets.

Sharp burrs on metal file cabinet should be reported so that these may be
eliminated.

Employees should not run in hallways or on stairways. Handrails, where

provided should be used. Be alert while going around corners and through
doors.

All exposed moving parts of power driven office machines should be covered
with suitable guards.

Machines in motion should not be cleaned, adjusted, oiled or repaired. Stop

the machine before attempting any work of this nature.

Pins must not be used to fasten papers together. Staples or clips must be
provided for the purpose. Pointed stick files should not be used as they may
cause serious injury.

Broken glass, pins, bits of metal or their sharp edged objects shall not be
placed in waste paper baskets without first being heavily wrapped.

Pointed objects such as uncapped fountain pens, pencils, knives, or scissors

should not be carried with the points exposed.

Arrange telephone, typewriter other electric machine cords so that they will
not present a tripping hazard.

Paper cuts and punctured wounds such as those caused by pens, pencils, pins,
etc., must receive first aid at once.

Gummed strips of envelopes should be moistened with suitable device, not

with tongue. Avoid opening envelopes with fingers and sliding hands along
edges of paper.

Messenger carriages, trolleys or similar vehicles must not be left in front of

elevators, doors or at blind corners or hallways so that these will not
constitute a hazard.

Smoking materials or matches shall not be discarded in waste baskets.

Adequate fire protection and first aid facility to be ensured.

7.2

STORES
A layout demarcating areas for stacking, storing and disposing the materials
shall be made.

The materials are stacked with passage to reach them. The aisles shall be
marked. Materials should not protrude beyond the marked area posing
tripping hazard.

Name boards shall be displayed to mention the place for every item.

The racks installed must be supported well to prevent from falling.

To reach the rack top, person should not climb on the rack shelf, ladder should
be used.

Vertical stacking of materials should not exceed the prescribed norms, posing
falling hazard because of imbalance.
Page 9 of 15

Pipes shall be stacked on solid, level sills and contained in a manner to

prevent spreading or rolling of the pile. Where high quantity storage is
necessary, suitable packing shall be placed between succeeding layers to
reduce the pressure and resulting spreading of the pile.

Not more than three RCC pipes shall be stacked over one another, that too
providing suitable precaution to prevent the spreading of pile.

To remove a pipe from the pile, start from the top pipe. The pipes below should
not be disturbed until the pipes are removed from top.

Adequate lighting shall be provided.

Flammable materials like Dissolved acetylene, paints etc are stored under
well-ventilated shed. Electrical connection in these locations should be proper
and maintained well such that they do not cause short circuit. Smoking,
carrying matchbox or any other fire causing materials is prohibited in these
areas.

Sufficient fire extinguishers are kept at conspicuous places and the path to
reach them shall not be blocked at anytime.

Toxic materials are labelled and kept at isolated place where only authorised
persons shall handle the MSDS of the chemicals.

Nail pullers shall be used whenever possible to remove nails from boxes and
crates. Metal strapping should be cut with proper safety tool.

Barrels and drums shall preferably be placed on end. If placed on their side,
these shall be provided with racks or blocked from rolling over.

Oils, greases and paints shall not be openly stored at any time.

The scrap pile and junk material shall be kept as orderly as conditions will
permit. Extreme care shall be taken in handling scrap material to prevent
personal injury.

Site: Layout of the site area shall be created. In that, the following areas shall be
considered.
Passage for each work area.

Place for stacking the materials, without obstruction the passage.

Stacking area shall be selected, based on soil rigidity, and adjacent structure
rigidity. E.g. Soil uplifted at Visakhapatnam Port Area due to stacking of
Manganese Ore.

Clearly marked aisles for permitting the cranes to enter the area, shall be
provided between each material stacking.

Separate fire resistance area free from any source of ignition, such as but not
limited to Electrical Spark, welding spark, grinding spark, and etc, shall be
selected for stacking flammable materials.

Minimum clearance between the top of the vehicle and the transmission line
should be maintained.

Voltage Rating:
Low and Medium voltage line
High voltage lines up to and including - 11,000
V

Safe Distance:
1.2 Mtr
1.8 Mtr
Page 10 of 15

High voltage lines above 11,000 volts

2.5 Mtr

Extra - High Voltage lines

3.0 Mtr

Passages should be well planned for drain & grated, to avoid stagnation of
Rainwater in passages and other source.

Dust and fumes evolutions, should be minimum in the passages area. This in
excess may reduce the visibility of the passage. Preferably water shall be
sprayed on the passages to prevent the evolutions of dust.

Passages shall be free from slippery.

Separate passage of pedestrian and vehicle movement should be selected, in

order to avoid the vehicle accident.

Roads shall be clearly marked, providing 1 mtr clearance from the extreme
edge.

7.3

Clear site map shall be kept on the entrance of the site enabling, new comers
to know the exact location and route of the specify area.
Storage of Cylinders
Oxygen and acetylene cylinders should be stored separately since any mixture
of gas leakage could be highly explosive. Storage should be preferably be on
hard standing in the open air under a shelter, but if interior storage is
necessary, rooms must be well ventilated.

Housekeeping should be maintained .The area inside and around the shed
should be clear from litters.

Acetylene and oxygen are either kept at a minimum distance of 10 feet away
or a partition is placed between them.

Acetylene & Oxygen cylinders, whether full or empty, should always be kept
upright.

Full cylinders should be kept separate from empties. Name boards are
displayed to identify the cylinders.

Cylinders should be shielded from direct sunlight or other heat to avoid the
build up of excess internal pressure, which might lead to gas leakage or
eventual bursting of the cylinder walls.

Storage compounds should be sited well away from risk areas and all oxygen
cylinders especially should be kept off oil and grease since these will ignite
violently in an oxygen concentration.

7.4

NO SMOKING signs must be displayed.

DIESEL / PETROL STORAGE AREA

Approved quantity of diesel / petrol is stored.

Diesel drums are stored on a hard surface preferably on a concrete floor. The
floor is sloped towards a corner where a sump is made for collection of the
spilled oil.

They shall be kept under a shed.

Page 11 of 15

Adequate numbers of foam type extinguishers are installed.

Housekeeping should be maintained .The area inside and around the shed
should be clear from litters.

7.5

Caution Boards on fire hazards like, NO SMOKING shall be displayed.

TRANSPORTATION OF MATERIALS

Only identified crew does the loading and unloading of the materials.

The gang leader and the crew should be aware of the weight of the materials
they are to handle.

Proper and reliable tackles like slings, D-shackles, etc. shall be used for
material handling.

Lacing to be done after the materials are loaded on the trailer.

Red flag is tied on structures extending beyond the trailer body. At night
reflectors to be fixed.

Structures

extending

beyond

the

cabin

height

are

prohibited

from

transporting.

The driver should be aware of the path to the terminal he is to transport the
material and ensure no blockades are there.

The speed of the vehicle must be limited to 40 Kmph or less unless otherwise
mentioned.

The gang leader should know the specific spot for unloading the materials.

Two tag lines shall be tied to the end of the structures while handling by crane.

All structural steel shall be placed on wooden sleepers.

Stable and sufficient wooden sleepers to be ensured by the Forman /gang

leader.

7.6

SAFETY SIGNS
Provide

warning

sign

boards/informatory

signs/mandatory

signs

at

all

necessary locations.

Safety warning signs shall be placed to provide adequate warning of hazards.

Sign boards shall be removed or covered when the hazards no longer exist.

Warning signs shall indicate the cautions to be observed regarding the hazards
concerned. The necessary information and, also, action in this regard is
required to be initiated by the employees.

In addition to the sign, the distance of the hazard from the existing warning
sign shall be intimated.

It is recommended that safety signs of the Project conform to the current

national colour codes.

Signs shall be in English & Local language where located near public highways
and facilities.

Sign required to be seen at night shall be illuminated. Kerosene and open

flame pots shall not be used for illumination.

Page 12 of 15

7.7

MATERIAL UNLOADING \ LOADING

The material handled in UGDS site mainly consists of SWG & RCC Pipes.

Before starting the unloading \ loading the machine must be checked for
competence as per the given checklist.

Check the license and evaluate the skill of the driver.

The motor vehicles shall be properly blocked while being loaded or unloaded.
Brakes alone shall not be dependent upon to hold them.

Before starting the job, organise all the men and brief them the possible
hazards and the respective precautions.

Organise the tools and auxiliaries (slings, D-shackles, wooden packing and
crowbars) and check them before staring the work.

Slightly lift one end of the pipe and provide a sufficient packing. Repeat the
process on the other side of the pipe also.

Once packing is provided on either side, provide single basket hitch for lifting
the pipe.

Provide tag lines on both sides of the pipe. The persons holding the tag line
must be at safe distance from the machine.

7.8

The pipes are released in the same manner as they were hoisted \ lifted.
MATERIAL HANDLING (MANUAL)
While handling the cement all the PPEs must be provided (eg.nose mask,
hand gloves and protective clothing).

Before starting the work ensure that all labour are wearing full sleeves which
will protect from direct contact with the cement.

Before starting the job, organise all the men and brief them the possible
hazards and the respective precautions (ergonomic hazards).

During the work, check that the handling is carried such that:
- The strong leg and thigh muscles are used and
- Natural shape of the spine is maintained through out the lift.
- Feet must be apart, giving a balanced and stable base for lifting.
- Leading the leg as far forward is possible.
- Do not kneel or over flex the knees.
- Keep the back straight
- Lean forward a little over the load. If necessary try to get a good grip.
- Keep shoulders level and facing in the same direction as the hips.
- A hook grip is less fatiguing than keeping the fingers straight. If it is necessary to vary the grip as the
lift proceeds, do this as slowly as possible.
- Keep the load close to the trunk for as long as possible. Keep the heaviest side of the load next to the
trunk. If a close approach to the load is not possible, try sliding it towards you before attempting to lift.
- Move with natural, smooth, continuous and balanced motions while avoiding rapid, jerky or
unbalanced lifts. Move the feet to avoid twisting the torso and to maintain balance and stability during
the lift.
- Minimize twisting, bending, stretching and reaching with the trunk during the lift.
- When turning to the side, move the feet & do not twist the trunk.
- After the work is done, ensure that all the labour wash their hands with detergent sufficiently.

When the loading / unloading of the pipes is carried manually, adequate

persons must be used or no of persons must be used such a way that each
person carries 35 kgs.

Page 13 of 15

7.9

Excavation/Trenching

Prior to excavation, a survey to determine the existence of underground services shall be performed
and a permit to work obtained.
Trench excavations in excess of 1.5 metres shall be shored or, battered to the angle of repose or,
stepped to prevent collapse of trench walls; spoil shall not be stored within 1/2 of the depth of the
excavation.
Ladders or steps shall provide suitable access and egress at 30 linear metre intervals.
Warning barriers shall be erected around excavations with signs indicating the hazard, warning lights
shall be deployed during the hours of darkness.
Hard Barricadition up to a height of 1.2 meter to be done all around the pit.
During Excavation care should be taken that other foundation of nearby building are not disturbed.
Care to be taken that excavated mud does not pile on the road side or obstruct the passage, it should be
immediately removed & send outside as per the approved procedure.
Heavy equipment shall not be operated in close proximity to the excavation while personnel are in the
excavation.
If required suitable secure crossing points shall be established to permit safe transit through the
excavation.
Execution of work shall be in compliance to TPL safety instruction & TPL OCP-8 Excavation,
Trenching & Shoring Procedure

7.10

BLASTING

Trenches are generally narrow, which means rock must be moved along the axis of the trench.
Presently two types of trench drilling and blasting technique are
(i) Conventional and (ii) Controlled.
Controlled Blasting: This technique is used to bring down the noise level, control fly rock, reduce
ground vibration and minimize over break. For this, proper drill and blast designs are developed based
on geology and surrounding environment. Operations are carried out in line with the designs.
Controlled blasting holes are closely spaced, lightly loaded holes drilled along the plane of the final
design slope. Controlled blasting is either pre shear blasting with holes detonated before the
production blasting or cushion (trim) blasting with holes detonated after the production blasting. Drill
holes parallel to each other and within 12 inches of the staked slope plane.
Trim (Cushion) Blasting: A controlled blasting method involving the drilling of a single row of holes
which are loaded with light, decoupled, well distributed charges and are fired either after the main
excavation is removed or in the last delay of a single blast.
Pre-splitting: A controlled blasting method involving a single row of drilled holes which are loaded
and fired before any holes in the main excavation are fired.
Line Drilling: A controlled blasting method, which includes a single row of closely spaced, unloaded,
small diameter drilled holes providing a plane of weakness in the rock mass to which the primary blast
can break.
Controlled Blast Line: The single row of holes used to achieve the results of all controlled
blasting methods including trim blasting, line drilling, and pre-splitting

Page 14 of 15

Page 15 of 15